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HoBi-like viruses – the typical ‘atypical bovine pestivirus’

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 June 2015

Fernando V. Bauermann  and
Julia F. Ridpath
Fernando V. Bauermann*
Affiliation:
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, 1920 Dayton Avenue, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA
Julia F. Ridpath
Affiliation:
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, 1920 Dayton Avenue, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: Fernando.bauermann@ars.usda.gov
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Abstract

HoBi-like viruses, also referred to as bovine viral diarrhea virus 3 (BVDV-3) and atypical pestivirus, have been proposed as a new putative bovine pestivirus species. These viruses were first identified in the last decade and are currently distributed in at least three continents. Published findings suggest that these viruses may be endemic at least in parts of South America and Asia. The clinical presentations in cattle, described in field outbreaks and controlled studies, are similar to those associated with BVDV and range from subclinical to mild clinical signs, sporadically associated with reproductive losses, respiratory illness and hemorrhagic syndrome. The complete host range of HoBi-like virus is unknown, but data suggest higher adaptation of HoBi-like viruses to ruminants than swine. Acute infections, characterized by mild clinical signs, such as low-grade pyrexia and leukopenia, have been observed in both cattle and sheep. Virus has been isolated from nasal swabs indicating that virus was being shed. While seroconversion has been observed in pigs, no clinical presentation or viral shedding was evident following inoculation. While some commercial BVDV diagnostic tests may detect HoBi-like viruses, these tests do not differentiate between BVDV and HoBi-like viruses. The differentiation of BVDV and HoBi-like viruses is critical to the design of surveillance programs for these viruses.

Keywords

HoBi-like virusesatypical pestivirusesbovine viral diarrhea virusBVDV-3clinical signsdiagnosticepidemiology
Type
Review Article
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 16 , Issue 1 , June 2015 , pp. 64 - 69
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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