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Host response to bovine respiratory pathogens

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 December 2009

Charles J. Czuprynski
Charles J. Czuprynski*
Affiliation:
Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
*
E-mail: czuprync@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu
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Abstract

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) involves complex interactions amongst viral and bacterial pathogens that can lead to intense pulmonary inflammation (fibrinous pleuropneumonia). Viral infection greatly increases the susceptibility of cattle to secondary infection of the lung with bacterial pathogens like Mannheimia haemolytica and Histophilus somni. The underlying reason for this viral/bacterial synergism, and the manner in which cattle respond to the virulence strategies of the bacterial pathogens, is incompletely understood. Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) infection of bronchial epithelial cells in vitro enhances the binding of M. haemolytica and triggers release of inflammatory mediators that attract and enhance binding of neutrophils. An exotoxin (leukotoxin) released from M. haemolytica further stimulates release of inflammatory mediators and causes leukocyte death. Cattle infected with H. somni frequently display vasculitis. Exposure of bovine endothelial cells to H. somnii or its lipooligosaccharide (LOS) increases endothelium permeability, and makes the surface of the endothelial cells pro-coagulant. These processes are amplified in the presence of platelets. The above findings demonstrate that bovine respiratory pathogens (BHV-1, M. haemolytica and H. somni) interact with leukocytes and other cells (epithelial and endothelial cells) leading to the inflammation that characterizes BRD.

Keywords

Mannheimia haemolyticaHistophilus somnileukotoxinviral–bacterial synergismleukotoxin
Type
Review Article
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 10 , Issue 2 , December 2009 , pp. 141 - 143
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

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