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Immunity to Bovine Herpesvirus 1: I. Viral lifecycle and innate immunity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 June 2013

Randall L. Levings  and
James A. Roth
Randall L. Levings*
Affiliation:
Emergency Management and Diagnostics, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 1800 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA
James A. Roth
Affiliation:
Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: Randall.L.Levings@aphis.usda.gov
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Abstract

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) causes a variety of diseases and is globally distributed. It infects via mucosal epithelium, leading to rapid lytic replication and latent infection, primarily in sensory ganglia. Large amounts of virus can be excreted by the host on primary infection or upon recrudescence of latent infection, resulting in disease spread. The bovine immune response to BHV-1 is rapid, robust, balanced, and long-lasting. The innate immune system is the first to respond to the infection, with type I interferons (IFNs), inflammatory cytokines, killing of infected host cells, and priming of a balanced adaptive immune response. The virus possesses a variety of immune evasion strategies, including inhibition of type I IFN production, chemokine and complement binding, infection of macrophages and neutrophils, and latency. BHV-1 immune suppression contributes to the severity of its disease manifestations and to the bovine respiratory disease complex, the leading cause of cattle death loss in the USA.

Keywords

bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1)bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC)latencyinnate immunitypathogen recognition receptor (PRR)immune evasion
Type
Review Article
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 14 , Issue 1 , June 2013 , pp. 88 - 102
Creative Commons
This is a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States.
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013

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