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The microbiome of the chicken gastrointestinal tract

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 July 2012

Carl J. Yeoman ,
Nicholas Chia ,
Patricio Jeraldo ,
Maksim Sipos ,
Nigel D. Goldenfeld  and
Bryan A. White
Carl J. Yeoman
Affiliation:
Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, P.O. Box 172900, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
Nicholas Chia
Affiliation:
Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Loomis Laboratory of Physics, 1110 West Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
Patricio Jeraldo
Affiliation:
Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Loomis Laboratory of Physics, 1110 West Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
Maksim Sipos
Affiliation:
Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Loomis Laboratory of Physics, 1110 West Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
Nigel D. Goldenfeld
Affiliation:
Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Loomis Laboratory of Physics, 1110 West Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
Bryan A. White*
Affiliation:
Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Department of Animal Sciences, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: bwhite44@illinois.edu
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Abstract

The modern molecular biology movement was developed in the 1960s with the conglomeration of biology, chemistry, and physics. Today, molecular biology is an integral part of studies aimed at understanding the evolution and ecology of gastrointestinal microbial communities. Molecular techniques have led to significant gains in our understanding of the chicken gastrointestinal microbiome. New advances, primarily in DNA sequencing technologies, have equipped researchers with the ability to explore these communities at an unprecedented level. A reinvigorated movement in systems biology offers a renewed promise in obtaining a more complete understanding of chicken gastrointestinal microbiome dynamics and their contributions to increasing productivity, food value, security, and safety as well as reducing the public health impact of raising production animals. Here, we contextualize the contributions molecular biology has already made to our understanding of the chicken gastrointestinal microbiome and propose targeted research directions that could further exploit molecular technologies to improve the economy of the poultry industry.

Keywords

16S rRNA genegenomic analysisnutritionreducing pathogen loadantibiotic resistance genesvirulence genes
Type
Review Article
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 13 , Issue 1 , June 2012 , pp. 89 - 99
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

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