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Role of endothelial cells in bovine mammary gland health and disease

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 August 2015

Valerie E. Ryman ,
Nandakumar Packiriswamy  and
Lorraine M. Sordillo
Valerie E. Ryman
Affiliation:
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
Nandakumar Packiriswamy
Affiliation:
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
Lorraine M. Sordillo*
Affiliation:
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
*
* Corresponding author. E-mail: sordillo@msu.edu
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Abstract

The bovine mammary gland is a dynamic and complex organ composed of various cell types that work together for the purpose of milk synthesis and secretion. A layer of endothelial cells establishes the blood–milk barrier, which exists to facilitate the exchange of solutes and macromolecules necessary for optimal milk production. During bacterial challenge, however, endothelial cells divert some of their lactation function to protect the underlying tissue from damage by initiating inflammation. At the onset of inflammation, endothelial cells tightly regulate the movement of plasma components and leukocytes into affected tissue. Unfortunately, endothelial dysfunction as a result of exacerbated or sustained inflammation can negatively affect both barrier integrity and the health of surrounding extravascular tissue. The objective of this review is to highlight the role of endothelial cells in supporting milk production and regulating optimal inflammatory responses. The consequences of endothelial dysfunction and sustained inflammation on milk synthesis and secretion are discussed. Given the important role of endothelial cells in orchestrating the inflammatory response, a better understanding of endothelial function during mastitis may support development of targeted therapies to protect bovine mammary tissue and mammary endothelium.

Keywords

endothelial cellsmammary glandinflammationmastitislactation
Type
Review Article
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 16 , Issue 2 , December 2015 , pp. 135 - 149
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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