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The role of the bovine respiratory bacterial microbiota in health and disease

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2021

Trevor W. Alexander Open the ORCID record for Trevor W. Alexander [Opens in a new window] ,
Edouard Timsit  and
Samat Amat
Trevor W. Alexander*
Affiliation:
Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
Edouard Timsit
Affiliation:
Ceva Santé Animale, Libourne, France
Samat Amat
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Trevor W. Alexander, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. E-mail: Trevor.Alexander@Canada.ca
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Abstract

Increased antimicrobial resistance in bovine respiratory bacterial pathogens poses a threat to the effective control and prevention of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). As part of continued efforts to develop antimicrobial alternatives to mitigate BRD, the microbial community residing within the respiratory tract of feedlot cattle has been increasingly studied using next-generation sequencing technologies. The mucosal surfaces of upper and lower respiratory tracts of cattle are colonized by a diverse and dynamic microbiota encompassing commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic bacteria. While a direct causal relationship between respiratory microbiota and the development of BRD in feedlot cattle has not been fully elucidated, increasing evidence suggests that the microbiota contributes to respiratory health by providing colonization resistance against pathogens and maintaining homeostasis. Certain management practices such as weaning, transportation, feed transition, and antibiotic application can disrupt the respiratory microbiota, potentially altering pathogen colonization. Microbiota-based approaches, including bacterial therapeutics that target restoring the normal respiratory microbiota, may provide new methods for mitigating BRD in feedlot cattle in place of antibiotics. In addition, the distinct bacterial respiratory microbial communities observed in BRD-affected and healthy feedlot cattle may allow for future application of microbiota-based techniques used in the diagnosis of BRD.

Keywords

Bacterial therapeuticsbovine respiratory diseasecattlediagnosticsrespiratory microbiota
Type
Special issue: Papers from Bovine Respiratory Disease Symposium
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 21 , Issue 2 , December 2020 , pp. 168 - 171
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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