Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T15:55:18.782Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Accretion of total protein and individual amino acids by organs and tissues of growing lambs and the ability of nitrogen balance techniques to quantitate protein retention

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

J. C. MacRae ,
A. Walker ,
D. Brown  and
G. E. Lobley
J. C. MacRae
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9SB
A. Walker
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9SB
D. Brown
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9SB
G. E. Lobley
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9SB
Get access

Abstract

Twelve Suffolk-Finn Dorset lambs were reared from 25 to 40 or 25 to 55 kg body weight on either pelleted dried grass or a ration of pelleted grass plus barley (ratio 1:1) in a comparative slaughter experiment designed to determine the amounts of total nitrogen and individual amino acids accreted in different body components during growth. Nitrogen (N) balance measurements were determined frequently during this growth phase and accumulated N retentions were compared with the total N accretion determined by comparative slaughter. Total N and individual amino acids accumulated in carcass, wool, skin, offal and blood, head and feet, gastro-intestinal tract and liver were linearly related to body weight in all cases other than for cysteine in carcass. At 25 kg live weight, proportionately 0·52 of total body N was in carcass components, 0·115 in wool, 0·08 in skin, 0·10 in offal and blood, 0·095 in head and feet, 0·06 in the gastro-intestinal tract and 0·02 in liver. However as the animals grew from 25 to 55 kg, 0·256 of the total N accretion was in wool, which was rich in cysteine (98 g/kg total amino acid). Carcass accretion represented only 0·449 of total body N accretion. The N balance technique overestimated net protein accretion by 0·24 (s.e. 0·036).

Keywords

amino acidsgrowthnitrogen balancesheep
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Production , Volume 57 , Issue 2 , October 1993 , pp. 237 - 245
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agricultural Research Council. 1980. Nutrient requirements of ruminant livestock. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough.Google Scholar
Agricultural Research Council. 1984. Nutrient requirements of ruminant livestock. Supplement no. 1. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough.Google Scholar
Attaix, D., Aurousseau, E., Manghebati, A. and Arnal, M. 1988. Contribution of liver, skin and skeletal muscle to whole body protein synthesis in the young lamb. British Journal of Nutrition 60: 77–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bohorov, O., Buttery, P. J., Correia, J. H. R. D. and Soar, J. B. 1987. The effect of the (β2 adrenergic agonist clenbuterol or implantation with oestracliol plus trenbolone acetate on protein metabolism in wether lambs. British Journal of Nutrition 57: 99–107.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chalupa, W. 1976. Approaches to determining amino acid requirements in producing ruminants. In From plant to animal protein. Reviews in rural science II (ed. Sutherland, T. M., McWilliams, J. R. and Leng, R. A.), pp. 99–109. University of New England Publishing Unit, Armidale, Australia.Google Scholar
Davidson, J., Mathieson, J. and Boyne, A. W. 1970. The use of automation in determining nitrogen by the Kjeldahl method, with final calculations by computer. Analyst, London 95:181–193.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davis, S. R., Barry, T. N. and Hughson, G. A. 1981. Protein synthesis in tissues of growing lambs. British Journal of Nutrition 46: 409–419.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duncan, D. L. 1966. The balance trial and its limitations. In Recent advances in animal nutrition (ed. Abrams, J. T.), pp. 51–80. Churchill, London.Google Scholar
Early, R. J., McBride, B. W. and Ball, R. O. 1990. Growth and metabolism in somatotropin-treated steers. III. Protein synthesis and tissue energy expenditures. Journal of Animal Science 68: 4153–4166.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eisemann, J. H., Hammond, A. C., Rumsey, T. S. and Bauman, D. E. 1989. Nitrogen and protein metabolism and metabolites in plasma and urine of beef steers treated with somatotrophin. Journal of Animal Science 67:105–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fuller, M. F. and Boyne, A. W. 1971. The effects of environmental temperature on the growth and metabolism of pigs given different amounts of food. British Journal of Nutriton 25: 259–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garlick, P. J., McNurlan, M. A. and Preedy, V. R. 1980. A rapid and convenient method for measuring the rate of protein synthesis in tissues by injection of [3H]phenylalanine. Biochemical Journal 192: 719–723.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Genstat 5 Committee. 1987. Genstat 5 reference manual. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Higgins, J. A., Lasslett, Y. V., Bardsley, R. G. and Buttery, P. J. 1988. The relation between dietary restriction or clenbuterol (α selective β2 agonist) treatment on muscle growth and calpain proteinase (EC 3.4.22.17) and calpastatin activities in lambs. British journal of Nutrition 60: 645–652.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jarrige, R. 1989. Protein: the PDI system. In Ruminal nutrition: recommended allowances and feed tables, pp. 33–47. INRA and John Libbey.Google Scholar
Lobley, G. E., Connell, A. and Buchan, V. 1987. The effect of food intake on protein and energy metabolism in finishing beef steers. British journal of Nutrition 57: 457–465.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lobley, G. E., Connell, A., Milne, E., Buchan, V., Calder, A. G., Anderson, S. E. and Vint, H. 1990. Muscle protein synthesis in response to testosterone administration in wether lambs. British Journal of Nutrition 64: 691–704.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lobley, G. E., Connell, A., Mollison, G. S., Brewer, A., Harris, C. I., Buchan, V. and Galbraith, H. 1985. The effects of a combined implant of trenbolone acetate and oestradiol-17β on protein and energy metabolism in growing beef steers. British Journal of Nutrition 54: 681–694.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lobley, G. E., Milne, V., Lovie, J. M., Reeds, P. J. and Pennie, K. 1980. Whole body and tissue protein synthesis in cattle. British Journal of Nutrition 43: 491–502.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacRae, J. C. 1989. Protein metabolism shares relationships with body reserves. Proceedings of Cornell Nutrition Conference, pp. 52–65. Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
MacRae, J. C. and Beever, D. E. 1993. Absorption and metabolism of nutrients in ruminants. In Recent developments and future perspectives in farm animal nutrition (ed. Finlayson, H. J.), Proceedings of conversazione to commemorate retirement of David Armstrong.Google Scholar
MacRae, J. C. and Lobley, G. E. 1986. Interactions between energy and protein. In Control of digestion and metabolism in ruminants (ed. Milligan, L. P., Grovun, W. L. and Dobson, A.), pp. 367–385. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.Google Scholar
MacRae, J. C., Skene, P. A., Connell, A., Buchan, V. and Lobley, G. E. 1988. The action of the beta-agonist clenbuterol on protein and energy metabolism in fattening wether lambs. British journal of Nutrition 59: 457–465.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacRae, J. C. and Ulyatt, M. J. 1974. Quantitative digestion of fresh herbage by sheep. 2. The sites of digestion of some nitrogenous constituents. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 82: 309–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, S. 1962. On the determination of cystine as cysteic acid. Journal of Biological Chemistry 238: 235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Research Council. 1989. Nutrient requirements of dairy cows. 6th ed. National Academic Press, Washington.Google Scholar
Pell, J. M. and Bates, P. C. 1987. Collagen and non-collagen protein turnover in skeletal muscle of growth hormone-treated lambs. Journal of Endocrinology 115: R1–R4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rowett, Research Institute. 1975. Feedingstuffs Evaluation Unit first report. Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland, Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Schiemann, R., Jentsch, W., Klippel, W., Schmidt, F., Trela, S. T. and Tscheschmedschiew, B. 1962. Vergleichende Untersuchungen swischen der Methadik der Gesamtstoffwechselmessungen und der Tierkorperanalytik an wachsenden Ratten und Schweinen. Archiv fur Tierernahrung 12: 321–330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, R. H. 1980. Comparative amino acid requirements. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 39: 71–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Storm, E., Brown, D. S. and Orskov, E. R. 1983. The nutritive value of rumen microorganisms in ruminants. 3. The digestion of microbial amino and nucleic acids in, and losses of endogenous nitrogen from, the small intestine of sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 50:479–485.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vernon, R. G. and Sasaki, S. 1991. Control of responsiveness of tissues to hormones. In Physical aspects of digestion and metabolism in ruminants (ed. Tsuda, T., Sasaki, Y. and Kawashima, R.). Academic Press.Google Scholar
Williams, P. E. V., Pagliani, L., Innes, G. M., Pennie, K., Harris, C. I. and Garthwaite, P. 1987. The effects of a betaagonist (Clenbuterol) on growth, carcass composition, protein and energy metabolism of veal calves. British journal of Nutrition 57: 417–428.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed