Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T15:49:17.210Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of finishing system (feedlot or pasture), high-oil maize, and copper on conjugated linoleic acid and other fatty acids in muscle of finishing steers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2016

T. E. Engle  and
J. W. Spears
T. E. Engle
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1171, USA
J. W. Spears*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7621, USA
*
†Corresponding author. E-mail:Jerry_Spears@ncsu.edu
Get access

Abstract

Sixty Angus steers (413 ± 8.0 kg) were used to determine the effects of copper (Cu), maize type, and finishing system (confinement v. pasture) on performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid composition of longissimus muscle in steers. Steers in confinement were given individually high concentrate diets containing either typical or high-oil maize, using Calan gate feeders. Steers grazing pasture (tall fescue) were maintained in four pastures with each pasture containing five steers. Salt was used to limit concentrate intake in pasture steers to approximately 0.6 of that observed in confinement steers. One half of the steers in each treatment received a CuO needle bolus at the initiation of the study while the remaining steers received no supplemental Cu. Equal numbers of steers per treatment were harvested after 91, 112 or 133 days on food. Rate of gain was lower (P < 0.01; 1.2 v. 1.6 kg/day) for pasture-fed steers compared with steers receiving typical maize. Cu supplementation increased (P < 0.05) ADG in steers given typical maize (1.8 v. 1.5 kg/day) and those on pasture (1.3 v. 1.1 kg/day) but not in steers given high-oil maize diets (1.5 v. 1.5 kg/day). Gain, dry-matter intake and gain/food did not differ between steers given typical or high-oil maize. Plasma cholesterol concentrations were lower (P < 0.01) in steers given typical maize relative to steers given high-oil maize. Steers receiving a Cu bolus had higher plasma (P < 0.05) and liver (P < 0.01) Cu concentrations than steers not receiving a Cu bolus. Steers receiving typical maize had lower (P < 0.05) liver Cu concentrations than steers receiving high-oil maize. Steers finished on pasture with limited concentrate had conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentrations in longissimus muscle that were approximately three times higher (P < 0.01) than steers given typical maize. Cu supplementation tended (P < 0.10) to increase muscle CLA. Longissimus muscle from pasture-fed steers was lower (P < 0.01) in C16: 0 and higher (P < 0.05) in C10: 0, C17: 0, C18: 3, C20: 3 and total polyunsaturated fatty acids than steers given typical maize. Muscle C18: 1 trans and C17: 0 tended to be reduced (P < 0.10) by Cu supplementation. These results indicate that finishing cattle on pasture with limited grain increases CLA in longissimus muscle and that Cu supplementation also alters the fatty acid composition of muscle.

Keywords

carcass compositioncoppermaizefatty acidssteers
Type
Growth, development and meat science
Information
Animal Science , Volume 78 , Issue 2 , April 2004 , pp. 261 - 269
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andrae, J. G., Duckett, S. K., Hunt, C. W., Pritchard, G. T. and Owens, F. N. 2001. Effects of feeding high-oil corn to beef steers on carcass characteristics and meat quality. Journal of Animal Science 79: 582–588.Google Scholar
Andrae, J. G., Hunt, C. W., Duckett, S. K., Kennington, L. R., Feng, P., Owens, F. N. and Soderlund, S. 2000. Effect of high-oil corn on growth performance, diet digestibility, and energy content of finishing diets fed to beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science 78: 2257–2262.Google Scholar
Bidner, T. D., Schupp, A. R., Montgomery, R. E. and Carpenter, J. C. Jr 1981. Acceptability of beef finished on all-forage, forage-plus-grain or high energy diets. Journal of Animal Science 53: 1181–1187.Google Scholar
Bowling, R. A., Riggs, J. K., Smith, G. C., Carpenter, Z. L., Reddish, R. L. and Butler, O. D. 1978. Production, carcass and palatability characteristics of steers produced by different management systems. Journal of Animal Science 46: 333–340.Google Scholar
Cameron, H. J., Boila, R. J., McNichol, L. W. and Stanger, N. E. 1989. Cupric oxide needles for grazing cattle consuming low-copper, high molybdenum forage and highsulfate water. Journal of Animal Science 67: 252–261.Google Scholar
Crouse, J. D., Cross, H. R. and Seideman, S. C. 1984. Effects of a grass or grain diet on the quality of three beef muscles. Journal of Animal Science 58: 619–625.Google Scholar
Cunnane, S. C. 1982. Differential regulation of essential fatty acid metabolism to the prostaglandins: possible basis for the interaction of zinc and copper in biological systems. Progress in Lipid Research 21: 73–90.Google Scholar
Dhiman, T. R., Anand, G. R., Satter, L. D. and Pariza, M. W. 1999. Conjugated linoleic acid content of milk from cows fed different diets. Journal of Dairy Science 82: 2146–2156.Google Scholar
Elliott, J. P., Drackley, J. K., Schauff, D. J. and Jaster, E. H. 1993. Diets containing high oil corn and tallow for dairy cows during early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 76: 775–789.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Engle, T. E. and Spears, J. W. 2000. Dietary copper effects on lipid metabolism, performance, and ruminal fermentation in finishing steers. Journal of Animal Science 78: 2452–2458.Google Scholar
Engle, T. E., Spears, J. W., Armstrong, T. A., Wright, C. L. and Odle, J. 2000a. Effects of dietary copper source and concentration on carcass characteristics and lipid and cholesterol metabolism in growing and finishing steers. Journal of Animal Science 78: 1053–1059.Google Scholar
Engle, T. E., Spears, J. W., Fellner, V. and Odle, J. 2000b. Effects of soybean oil and dietary copper on ruminal and tissue lipid metabolism in finishing steers. Journal of Animal Science 78: 2713–2721.Google Scholar
Engle, T. E., Spears, J. W., Xi, L. and Edens, F. W. 2000c. Dietary copper effects on lipid metabolism and circulating catecholamine concentrations in finishing steers. Journal of Animal Science 78: 2737–2744.Google Scholar
Enser, M., Scollan, N. D., Choi, N. J., Kurt, E., Hallett, K. and Wood, J. D. 1999. Effect of dietary lipid on the content of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in beef muscle. Animal Science 69: 143–146.Google Scholar
French, P., Stanton, C., Lawless, F., O’Riordan, E. G., Monahan, F. J., Caffrey, P. J. and Moloney, A. P. 2000. Fatty acid composition, including conjugated linoleic acid, of intramuscular fat from steers offered grazed grass, grass silage, or concentrate-based diets. Journal of Animal Science 78: 2849–2855.Google Scholar
Gengelbach, G. P., Ward, J. D. and Spears, J. W. 1994. Effect of dietary copper, iron, and molybdenum on growth and copper status of beef cows and calves. Journal of Animal Science 72: 2722–2727.Google Scholar
Gomm, F. B., Weswig, P. H. and Raleigh, R. J. 1982. Copper supplementation of young cattle grazing improved meadow pastures in Southeastern Oregon. Journal of Range Management 35: 515–518.Google Scholar
Griinari, J. M., Corl, B. A., Lacy, S. H., Chouinard, P. Y., Nurmela, K. V. V. and Bauman, D. E. 2000. Conjugated linoleic acid is synthesized endogenously in lactating dairy cows by ∆9- desaturase. Journal of Nutrition 130: 2285–2291.Google Scholar
Hartfoot, C. G. and Hazlewood, G. P. 1988. Lipid metabolism in the rumen. In The rumen microbial ecosystem (ed. Hobson, P. N.), pp. 285–322. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Hartfoot, C. G. and Hazlewood, G. P. 1997. Lipid metabolism in the rumen. In The rumen microbial ecosystem, second edition (ed. Hobson, N. and Stewart, D. S.), pp. 382–426. Chapman and Hall, London.Google Scholar
Jenkins, K. J. and Kramer, J. K. G. 1989. Influence of excess dietary copper on lipid composition of calf tissues. Journal of Dairy Science 72: 2582–2591.Google Scholar
Kelly, M. L., Berry, J. R., Dwyer, D. A., Griinari, J. M., Chouinard, P. Y., Van Amburgh, M. E. and Bauman, D. E. 1998. Dietary fatty acid sources affect conjugated linoleic acid concentrations in milk from lactating dairy cows. Journal of Nutrition 881-885.Google Scholar
Kepler, C. R., Hirons, K. P., McNeill, J. J. and Tove, S. B. 1966. Intermediates and products of the biohydrogenation of linoleic acid by Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens . Journal of Biological Chemistry 241: 1350–1354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kramer, J. K., Fellner, V., Dugan, R. M., Sauer, F. D., Mossob, M. M. and Yurawecz, M. P. 1997. Evaluating acid and base catalysts in the methylation of milk and rumen fatty acids with special emphasis on conjugated dienes and total trans fatty acids. Lipids 32: 1219–1228.Google Scholar
Lock, A. L. and Garnsworthy, P. C. 2002. Independent effects of dietary linoleic and linolenic fatty acids on the conjugated linoleic acid content of cows’ milk. Animal Science 74: 163–176.Google Scholar
Mills, C. F. 1987. Biochemical and physiological indicators of mineral status in animals: copper, cobalt, and zinc. Journal of Animal Science 65: 1702–1711.Google Scholar
National Research Council. 1996. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle, seventh edition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Pariza, M. W., Park, Y. and Cook, M. E. 2000. Mechanisms of action of conjugated linoleic acid: evidence and speculation. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 223: 8–13.Google Scholar
Sigma Chemical Co. 1995. Quantitative, enzymatic determination of total cholesterol concentration in serum or plasma at 500 nm. Procedure no. 352. Sigma Chemical Co., St Louis, MO.Google Scholar
Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. 1988. SAS/STAT user’s guide (release 6. 03). SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.Google Scholar
Underwood, E. J. and Suttle, N. F. 1999. The mineral nutrition of livestock, third edition. CABI Publishing, New York.Google Scholar
Ward, J. D. and Spears, J. W. 1997. Long-term effects of consumption of low-copper diets with or without supplemental molybdenum on copper status, performance, and carcass characteristics of cattle. Journal of Animal Science 75: 3057–3065.Google Scholar