Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T11:08:03.489Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effect of immunization against somatostatin and β-agonist administration alone and in combination on growth and carcass composition in young steers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

J. M. Dawson ,
J. B. Soar ,
P. J. Buttery ,
J. Craigon ,
M. Gill  and
D. E. Beever
J. M. Dawson
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, University of Nottingham Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD
J. B. Soar
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, University of Nottingham Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD
P. J. Buttery
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, University of Nottingham Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD
J. Craigon
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, University of Nottingham Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD
M. Gill
Affiliation:
Department of Ruminant Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Grassland and Environmental Research, Hurley, Maidenhead SL6 5LR
D. E. Beever
Affiliation:
Department of Ruminant Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Grassland and Environmental Research, Hurley, Maidenhead SL6 5LR
Get access

Abstract

The effect of active immunization against somatostatin and β-agonist administration alone and in combination on growth, carcass composition and endocrine responses was investigated in young steers given a pelleted diet of dried grass and barley (0·7: 0·3) ad libitum for 16 weeks. Immunization alone increased growth rate by proportionately 0·10 but had no effect on plasma growth hormone (GH) or insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations (P > 0·10). Carcass protein content was unchanged but fat content tended to be increased. This was possibly associated with increased (P < 0·10) plasma insulin concentrations observed in these animals. Cimaterol administration significantly increased growth rate (P < 0·05) and carcass weight (P < 0·01). Carcass protein content was significantly (P < 0·01) increased and carcass fat was significantly (P < 0·001) reduced. Administration of cimaterol to immunized animals resulted in an enhancement of the repartitioning effect of the pagonist although growth rates were intermediate between the separate treatments. The mechanism by which this was achieved is unclear. Plasma IGF-1 concentrations tended (P < 0·10) to be lower in these animals compared with controls. Plasma insulin concentrations were also reduced (P < 0·05) in these animals. Both immunized animals and those given cimaterol alone showed an increased GH response to a single intravenous injection of growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) (P < 0·05). Animals given the combined treatment however showed a reduced response suggesting that the effects were not mediated through direct changes in GH secretion. The improved lean:fat ratio in the carcass was observed to be mediated through an enhancement of the lipolytic response to the /J-agonist with only small effects on protein accretion. It is suggested that immunoneutralization of somatostatin may increase the sensitivity of adipose tissue to lipolytic stimuli. This could occur through changes in the secretion of gastrointestinal or pancreatic hormones as a result of neutralization of the inhibitory influences of somatostatin. Further work is required to clarify these effects.

Keywords

carcass compositioncattlecimaterolsomatoliberinsomatotropin
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Science , Volume 64 , Issue 1 , February 1997 , pp. 37 - 51
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agricultural and Food Research Council. 1993. Energy and protein requirements of ruminants. CAB International, Wallingford.Google Scholar
Baker, R. D., Young, N. E. and Laws, J. A. 1985. The effect of diet in winter on body composition of young steers and subsequent performance during the grazing season. Animal Production 54:211–219.Google Scholar
Bass, J. J., Gluckman, P. D., Fairclough, R. J., Peterson, A. J., Davis, S. R. and Carter, W. D. 1987. Effect of nutrition and immunization against somatostatin on growth and insulin-like growth factors in sheep. Journal of Endocrinology 112: 27–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bass, J. J., Spencer, G. S. G. and Hodgkinson, S. C. 1992. Nutritional control of the growth hormone axis. In The control of fat and lean deposition (ed. Buttery, P. J., Boorman, K. N. and Lindsay, D. B.), pp. 175–195. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beermann, D. H., Butler, W. R., Hogue, D. E., Fishell, V. K., Dalrymple, R. H., Ricks, C. A. and Scanes, C. G. 1987. Cimaterol-induced muscle hypertrophy and altered endocrine status in lambs. Journal of Animal Science 65: 1514–1524.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Breier, B. H., Gluckman, P. D. and Bass, J. J. 1988. Influence of nutritional status and oestradiol- 17p on plasma growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I and -II and the response to exogenous growth hormone. Journal of Endocrinology 118: 243–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, J. M., Beever, D. E., Gill, M. and Buttery, P. J. 1991a. Manipulation of protein and fat accretion in growing cattle. Animal Production 52: 564 (abstr.).Google Scholar
Dawson, J. M., Buttery, P. J., Lammiman, M. J., Soar, J. B., Essex, C. P., Gill, M. and Beever, D. E. 1991b. Nutritional and endocrinological manipulation of lean deposition in forage-fed steers. British journal of Nutrition 66:171–185.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dawson, J. M., Craigon, J., Buttery, P. J. and Beever, D. E. 1993a. Influence of diet and β-agonist administration on plasma concentrations of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 in young steers. British Journal of Nutrition 70: 93–102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dawson, J. M., Essex, C. P., Walsh, A., Beever, D. E., Gill, M. and Buttery, P. J. 1993b. Effect of fish-meal supplementation and P-agonist administration on adipose tissue metabolism in steers given silage. Animal Production 57: 397–406.Google Scholar
Dubreuil, P., Pelletier, G., Petitclerc, D., Lapierre, H., Gaudreau, P. and Brazeau, P. 1989. Effects of active immunization against somatostatin on serum growth hormone concentrations in growing pigs: influence of fasting and repetitive somatocrinin injections. Endocrinology 125:1378–1989.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dukes, H. H. 1947. The physiology of domestic animals. Comstock, New York.Google Scholar
Dunshea, F. R., Harris, D. M., Bauman, D. E., Boyd, R. D. and Bell, A. W. 1992. Effect of porcine somatotropin on in vivo glucose kinetics and lipogenesis in growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 70:141–151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fadlalla, A. M., Spencer, G. S. G. and Lister, D. 1985. The effect of passive immunization against somatostatin on marker retention time in lambs. Journal of Animal Science 61: 234–239.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hansen, J. A., Apple, J. K., Warren, K. E., Kropf, D. H., Nelsen, J. N. and Goodband, R. D. 1993. Interactive effects between somatotropin and salbutamol on carcass traits of finishing swine. Journal of Animal Science 71: (suppl. 1) 54 (abstr.).Google Scholar
Hoskinson, R. M., Djura, P., Welch, R. J., Harrison, B. E., Brown, G. H., Donnelly, J. B. and Jones, M. R. 1988. Failure of antisomatostatin antibodies to stimulate the growth of crossbred lambs. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28:161–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Houseknecht, K. L., Bauman, D. E., Fox, D. G. and Smith, D. F. 1992. Abomasal infusion of casein enhances nitrogen retention in somatotropin-treated steers. Journal of Nutrition 122:1717–1725.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ingvartsen, K. L. and Sejrsen, K. 1995. Effect of immunization against somatostatin (SS) in cattle: a review of performance, carcass composition and possible mode of action. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica (section A, Animal Science) 45:124–131.Google Scholar
Ingvartsen, K. L., Sejrsen, K., Klastrup, S. and Foldager, J. 1995. Effect of immunization against somatostatin on antibody binding capacity and affinity, hormone concentrations, performance and carcass and meat quality in young Friesian bulls. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica (section A, Animal Science) 45:116–123.Google Scholar
James, S. and Barker, H. D. 1987. Effect of clenbuterol on the growth and carcass composition of hypophysectomised rats in the presence or absence of growth hormone. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 46:108A (abstr.).Google Scholar
Jones, D. J., Anderson, D. B., Waitt, W. P., Wagner, J. F. and Mowrey, D. H. 1989. Effect of ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC) and pituitary derived porcine somatotropin (pst) alone and in combination on swine growth and carcass parameters. Journal of Animal Science 67: (suppl. 1) 221 (abstr.).Google Scholar
Kerr, D. E., Laarveld, B. and Manns, J. G. 1990. Effects of passive immunization of growing guinea pigs with an insulin-like growth factor-1 monoclonal antibody. Journal of Endocrinology 124:403–415.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, Y. S., Lee, Y. B., Garrett, M. N. and Dalrymple, R. H. 1989. Effects of cimaterol on nitrogen retention and energy utilisation in lambs. Journal of Animal Science 67: 674–681.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kreig, R. J., Perkins, S. N., Johnson, J. H., Rogers, J. P., Arimura, A. and Cronin, M. J. 1988. β-adrenergic stimulation of growth hormone (GH) release in vivo, and subsequent inhibition of GH-releasing factor-induced GH secretion. Endocrinology 122:531–537.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laarveld, B., Chaplin, R. K. and Kerr, D. E. 1986. Somatostatin immunization and growth of lambs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 66: 77–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lonsdale, C. R. 1976. The effect of season of harvest on the utilisation by young cattle of dried grass given alone or as a supplement to grass silage. Ph.D. thesis, University of Reading.Google Scholar
Magnan, E., Mazzocchi, L., Cataldi, M., Guillaume, V., Dutour, A., Dadoun, F., Le Bouc, Y., Sauze, N., Renard, M., Conte-Devolx, B. and Oliver, C. 1995. Effect of actively immunizing sheep against growth hormone releasing hormone or somatostatin on spontaneous pulsatile and neostigmine-induced growth hormone secretion. Journal of Endocrinology 144: 83–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maltin, C. A., Delday, M. I., Hay, S. M., Innes, G. M. and Williams, P. E. V. 1990. Effects of bovine pituitary growth hormone alone or in combination with the β-agonist clenbuterol on muscle growth and composition in veal calves. British Journal of Nutrition 63:535–545.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Research Council. 1994. Metabolic modifiers: effects on the nutrient requirements of food-producing animals. National Academic Press, Washington.Google Scholar
O'Connor, R. M., Butler, W. R., Finnerty, K. D., Hogue, D. E. and Beermann, D. H. 1988. Acute and chronic hormone and metabolite changes in lambs fed the betaagonist, cimaterol. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 8: 537–548.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Osborne, D. R. and Voogt, P. 1978. The analysis of nutrients in foods, pp. 156–158. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
Parr, T., Bardsley, R. G., Gilmour, R. S. and Buttery, P. J. 1992. Changes in calpain and calpastatin mRNA induced by β-adrenergic stimulation of bovine skeletal muscle. European Journal of Biochemistry 208: 333–339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pell, J. M., Bates, P. C., Elcock, C., Lane, S. E. and Simmonds, A. D. 1987. Growth hormone and clenbuterol: action and interaction on muscle growth, protein turnover and serum IGF-1 concentrations in dwarf mice. Journal of Endocrinology 115: (supplement) abstract no. 68.Google Scholar
Pell, J. M., Elcock, C., Harding, R. L., Morrell, D. J., Simmonds, A. D. and Wallis, M. 1990. Growth, body composition, hormonal and metabolic status in lambs treated long-term with growth hormone. British Journal of Nutrition 63: 431–445.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perkins, S. N., Evans, W. S., Thorner, M. O. and Cronin, M. J. 1983. Beta-adrenergic stimulation of growth hormone release from perifused rat anterior pituitary cells. Neuroendocrinology 37: 473–480.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ren, S., Ezzat, S., Melmed, S. and Braunstein, G. D. 1992. Somatostatin analog induces insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) expression in human hepatoma cells. Endocrinology 131: 2479–2481.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spencer, G. S. G., Garssen, G. J. and Hart, I. C. 1983. A novel approach to growth promotion using auto-immunization against somatostatin. 1. Effects on growth and hormone levels in lambs. Livestock Production Science 10: 25–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spencer, G. S. G., Hodgkinson, S. C. and Bass, J. J. 1991. Passive immunization against insulin-like growth factor-1 does not inhibit growth hormone-stimulated growth of dwarf rats. Endocrinology 128: 2103–2109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spencer, G. S. G. and Williamson, E. D. 1981. Increased growth of lambs following immunization against somatostatin: preliminary observations. Animal Production 32: 376 (abstr.).Google Scholar
Sun, Y. X., Drane, G. L., Currey, S. D., Lehner, N. D., Gooden, J. M., Hoskinson, R. M., Wynn, P. C. and McDowell, G. H. 1990. Immunization against somatotropin release inhibiting factor improves digestibility of food, growth and wool production of crossbred lambs. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 41:401–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Symonds, M. E., Bryant, M. J. and Lomax, M. A. 1986. The effect of shearing on the energy metabolism of the pregnant ewe. British Journal of Nutrition 56: 635–643.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Theil, L. F., Beermann, D. H., Fishell, V. K. and Crooker, B. A. 1987. Effects of cimaterol on growth of hypophysectomized rats. Federation Proceedings 46: 1176 (abstr.).Google Scholar
Trout, W. E. and Schanbacher, B. D. 1990. Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 responses in steers actively immunized against somatostatin or growth hormone-releasing factor. Journal of Endocrinology 125: 123–129.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Varner, M. A., Davis, S. L. and Reeves, J. J. 1980. Temporal serum concentrations of growth hormone, thyrotropin, insulin and glucagon in sheep immunized against somatostatin. Endocrinology 106:1027–1032.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Welsh, T. H., Smith, S. B., Sutton, M. R. and Wagner, K. A. 1987. Growth hormone releasing factor and clenbuterol regulation of bovine growth hormone secretion in vitro. Journal of Animal Science 65: (suppl. 1) 279 (abstr.).Google Scholar