Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T05:01:56.632Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of high dietary concentration of lactose and increased soya-bean meal inclusion in starter diets for piglets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2016

K. M. Pierce ,
J. J. Callan ,
P. McCarthy  and
J. V. O'. Doherty
K. M. Pierce
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science and Production, University College Dublin, Lyons Research Farm, Newcastle, Co. Dublin, Ireland
J. J. Callan
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science and Production, University College Dublin, Lyons Research Farm, Newcastle, Co. Dublin, Ireland
P. McCarthy
Affiliation:
Volac Feed Ltd, Volac House, Church Street, Killeshandra, Co. Cavan, Ireland
J. V. O'. Doherty*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science and Production, University College Dublin, Lyons Research Farm, Newcastle, Co. Dublin, Ireland
*
†E-mail: john.vodoherty@ucd.ie
Get access

Abstract

A 3 X 2 factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the interactions between lactofeed 70 (LF70) (860 g/kg whey permeate, 140 g/kg soya-bean meal; Volac International, UK) and soya-bean meal (SBM) or dried skim milk (DSM) in piglet diets. Three hundred and thirty-six piglets were selected after weaning at 21 days with an initial live weight of 6-35 kg. They were blocked on the basis of live weight and within each block assigned to one of six dietary treatments. The pigs were offered the following starter diets : (1) 300 g/kg LF70 with 215 g/kg SBM and 100 g/kg DSM; (2) 200 g/kg LF70 with 215 g/kg SBM and 100 g/kg DSM; (3) 100 g/kg LF70 with 215 g/kg SBM and 100 g/kg DSM; (4) 300 g/kg LF70 with 325 g/kg DSM; (5) 200 g/kg LF70 with 325 g/kg DSM; (6) 100 g/kg LF70 with 325 g/kg DSM. The starter diets were offered for 25 days. Following this, a weaner diet (14 g/kg lysine, 14-5 MJ/kg digestible energy) was given for a period of 12 days. There was a significant interaction between LF70 level and protein source on average daily gain (ADG P < 0.001) and food conversion ratio (FCR P < 0.05) during the starter period. There was a linear increase in ADG and a linear improvement in FCR with increasing LF70 levels in diets with SBM. However, there was a linear decrease in ADG with increasing LF70 levels in diets with DSM. There was a significant interaction (P < 0.001) between LF70 level and protein source on average daily food intake (ADFI) during the starter period. At high LF70 levels, the inclusion of DSM reduced ADFl compared with SBM. However, there was no difference between DSM and SBM at the medium and low LF70 levels. There was a significant interaction between LF70 level and protein source in organic matter digestibility (OMD) (P < 0.01) and gross energy digestibility (GED) (P < 0.01). The pigs offered diets containing DSM had a significantly lower OMD and GED at low LF70 levels compared with pigs offered diets containing SBM. However, the inclusion of DSM had no significant effect on OMD or GED at the medium and high LF70 levels. There was a quadratic response in nitrogen digestibility (ND) with increasing concentrations of LF70 (P < 0.05). There was an increase in ND to 200 g/kg LF70 inclusion, however there was no further increase in ND above 200 g/kg LF70 inclusion. In conclusion, increasing the inclusion of lactofeed from 100 g/kg to 300 g/kg in starter diets where soya-bean meal comprised the principle protein source improved food efficiency and increased daily gain and daily food intake when compared with diets where dried skim milk comprised the principle protein source.

Keywords

lactofeedpigsskim milksoya-bean meal
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Science , Volume 79 , Issue 3 , December 2004 , pp. 445 - 452
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Armstrong, W. D. and Clawson, A. J. 1984. Nutrition and management of early weaned pigs: effect of increased nutrient concentration and (or) supplemental liquid feeding. Journal of Animal Science 50: 377–384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cera, K. R., Mahan, D. C. and Reinhart, G. A. 1988. Effects of dietary dried whey and corn oil on weanling pig performance, fat digestion and nitrogen utilization. Journal of Animal Science 66: 1438–1445.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Close, W. H. 1994. Feeding new genotypes: establishing amino acid/energy requirements. In Principles of pig science (ed. Cole, D. J. A., Wiseman, J. and Varley, M. A.), pp. 123–140. Nottingham University Press.Google Scholar
Dritz, S. S., Tokach, M. D., Goodband, R. D., Nelssen, J. L. and Owen, K. Q. 1994. Optimum level of soybean meal for early-weaned (12 d of age) starter pigs. Journal of Animal Science 72: (suppl. 2) 70.Google Scholar
Dunsford, B. R., Knabe, D. A. and Haensly, W. E. 1989. Effect of dietary soybean meal on the microscopic anatomy of the small intestine in the early weaned pig. Journal of Animal Science 67: 1855–1863.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Easter, R. A. 1993. Acidification of diets for pigs. In Recent developments in pig nutrition 2 (ed. Cole, D. J. A., Haresign, W. and Garnsworthy, P. C.), pp. 256–266. Nottingham University Press.Google Scholar
Falkowski, J. F. and Aherne, F. X. 1984. Fumaric and citric acid as feed additives in starter pig nutrition. Journal of Animal Science 58: 935–938.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friesen, K. G., Goodband, R. D., Nelssen, J. L., Blecha, F., Reddy, D. N., Reddy, P. G. and Kats, L. J. 1993. The effect of pre- and postweaning exposure to soybean meal on growth performance and on the immune response in the early-weaned pig. Journal of Animal Science 71: 2089–2098.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Giesting, D. W., Easter, R. A. and Roe, B. A. 1985. A comparison of protein and carbohydrate sources of milk and plant origin for starter pigs. Journal of Animal Science 61: (suppl. 1) 299.Google Scholar
Giesting, D. W., Roos, M. A. and Easter, R. A. 1991. Evaluation of the effect of fumaric acid and sodium bicarbonate addition on performance of starter pigs fed diets of different types. Journal of Animal Science 69: 2489–2496.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Graham, P. L., Mahan, D. C. and Shields, R. G. 1981. Effect of starter diet and length of feeding regimen on performance and digestive enzyme activity of 2-week old weaned pigs. Journal of Animal Science 53: 299–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hays, V. W., Speer, V. C., Hartman, P. A. and Catron, D. V. 1959. The effect of age and supplemental amino acids on the utilization of milk and soya protein by the young pig. Journal of Nutrition 69: 179–184.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krause, D. O., Easter, R. A. and Mackie, R. I. 1994. Fermentation of stachyose and raffinose by hind-gut bacteria of the weanling pig. Letters in Applied Microbiology 18: 349–352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuramoto, S., Jenness, R., Coulter, S. T. and Choi, R. P. 1959. Standardization of the Harland-Ashworth test for whey protein nitrogen. Journal of Dairy Science 42: 28–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lennon, A. M., Ramsey, H. A., Alsmeyer, W. L., Clawson, A. J. and Barrick, E. R. 1971. Soy flour as a protein source for early-weaned pigs. Journal of Animal Science 33: 514–519.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Li, D. E, Nelssen, J. L., Reddy, P. G., Blecha, E., Hancock, J. D., Allee, G. L., Goodband, R. D. and Klemm, R. D. 1990. Transient hypersensitivity to soya bean meal in the early-weaned pig. Journal of Animal Science 68: 1790–1799.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mahan, D. C. 1992. Efficacy of dried whey and its lactalbumin and lactose components at two dietary lysine levels on postweaning pig performance and nitrogen balance. Journal of Animal Science 70: 2182–2187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mahan, D. C. 1993. Evaluating two sources of dried whey and the effects of replacing the corn and dried whey component with corn gluten meal and lactose in the diets of weanling swine. Journal of Animal Science 71: 2860–2866.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mavromichalis, I. 2001. Research into practice. Pig Progress 17: 35–37.Google Scholar
Maxwell , C. V. Jr and Carter, S.D. 2001. Feeding the weaned pig. In Swine nutrition (ed. Lewis, A. J. and Southern, L. L.), pp. 700–701. CRC Press, Boca Raton.Google Scholar
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. 1991. The feedingstuffs regulations 1991. Statutory instrument no. 2840, 9–76. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Google Scholar
Nessmith , W. B. Jr, Nelssen, J. L., Tokach, M. D., Goodband, R. D. and Bergstrom, J. R. 1997a. Effects of substituting of deproteinised whey and (or) crystalline lactose for dried whey on weanling pig performance. Journal of Animal of Science 75: 3222–3228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nessmith , W. B. Jr, Nelssen, J. L., Tokach, M. D., Goodband, R. D., Bergstrom, J. R., Dritz, S. S. and Richert, B. T. 1997b. Evaluation of the interrelationships among lactose and protein sources in diets for segregated early-weaned pigs. Journal of Animal Science 75: 3214–3221.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Doherty, J. V., Nolan, C. S., Callan, J. J. and McCarthy, P. 2004. Interaction between lactofeed level and soybean meal on growth performance of weanling pigs. Animal Science 78: 419–427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owen, K. Q., Nelssen, J. L., Tokach, M. D., Goodband, R. D., Drittz, S. S. and Kats, L. J. 1993. The effect of increasing level of lactose in a porcine plasma based diet for the early weaned pig. Journal of Animal Science 71: (suppl. 1) 175.Google Scholar
Owsley, W. F., Orr, D. E. and Tribble, L. F. 1986. Effects of nitrogen and energy source on nutrient digestibility in the young pig. Journal of Animal Science 63: 492–496.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Partanen, K. H. and Mroz, Z. 1999. Organic acids for performance enhancement in pig diets. Nutrition Research Reviews 12: 117–145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Partridge, G. G. and Gill, B. P. 1993. New approaches with pig weaner diets. In Recent advances in animal nutrition (ed. Wiseman, J. and Garnsworthy, R C.), pp. 221–248. Nottingham University Press.Google Scholar
Pierce, K. M., Callan, J. J. and O'Doherty, J. V. 2004. The effect of lactose and insulin on intestinal morphology, microbiology and volatile fatty acids of the weanling pig. Proceedings of the American Society of Animal Science 2004. In press.Google Scholar
Pluske, J. R. 2001. Morphological and functional changes in the small intestine of the newly-weaned pig. In Gut environment of pigs (ed. Piva, A., Bach Knudsen, K. E. and Lindberg, J. E.), pp. 1–27. Nottingham University Press.Google Scholar
Pluske, J. R., Hampson, D. J. and Williams, I. H. 1997. Factors influencing the structure and function of the small intestine in the weaned pig: a review. Livestock Production Science 51: 215–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollmann, D. S., Danielson, D. M. and Peo, E. R. 1980. Effect of lactobacillus acidophilus on starter pigs fed a diet supplemented with lactose. Journal of Animal Science 51: 638–644.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rudolph, B. C., Boggs, L. S., Knabe, D. A., Tanksley , T. D. Jr and Anderson, S. A. 1983. Digestibility of nitrogen and amino acids in soybean products for pigs. Journal of Animal Science 57: 373–386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sewell, R. F. and West, J. P. 1965. Some effects of lactose on protein utilization in the baby pig. Journal of Animal Science 24: 239–241.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sissons, J. W. 1993. Aetiology of diarrhoea. In Recent developments in pig nutrition-2 (ed. Cole, D. J. A., Haresign, W. and Garnsworthy, P. C.), pp. 267–284. Nottingham University Press.Google Scholar
Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. 1985. Statistical analysis systems. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.Google Scholar
Tokach, M. D., Dritz, S. S., Goodband, R. D. and Nelssen, J. L. 2003. Nutritional requirements of the weaned pig. In Weaning the pig. Concepts and consequences (ed. Pluske, J. R., Le Dividich, J. and Verstegen, M. W. A.), pp. 259–299. Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Tokach, M. D., Nelssen, J. L. and Allee, G. L. 1989. Effect of protein and (or) carbohydrate fractions of dried whey on performance and nutrient digestibility in early weaned pigs. Journal of Animal Science 67: 1307–1312.Google Scholar
Touchette, K. L., Allee, G. L. and Newcomb, M. D. 1996. The effects of plasma, lactose and soy protein source fed in a phase 1 diet on nursery performance. Journal of Animal Science 74: (suppl. 1) 170.Google Scholar
Touchette, K. L., Crow, S.D., Allee, G. L. and Newcomb, M. D. 1995. Weaned pigs respond to lactose (day 0-14) post weaning. Journal of Animal Science 73: (suppl. 1) 70.Google Scholar
Tsiloyiannis, V. K., Syriakis, S. C., Vlemmas, J. and Sarris, K. 2001. The Effect of organic acids on the control of porcine post-weaning diarrhoea. Research in Veterinary Science 70: 287–293.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turlington, W. H., Allee, G. L. and Nelssen, J. L. 1989. Effects of protein and carbohydrate sources on digestibility and digesta flow rate in weaned pigs fed a high-fat, dry diet. Journal of Animal Science 67: 2333–2340.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, C. H., David, D. J. and Iismaa, O. 1962. The determination of chromic oxide in faeces samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 59: 381–385.Google Scholar
Wilson, R. H. and Leibholz, J. 1981. Digestion in the pig between 7 and 35 days of age. 3. The digestion of nitrogen in pigs given milk and soya bean proteins. British Journal of Nutrition 45: 337–346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar