Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T10:32:35.878Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The patho-physiology of Trypanosoma congolense in Scottish Blackface sheep: influence of diet on digestive function

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

G. J. Wassink ,
G. Fishwick ,
J. J. Parkins ,
M. Gill ,
D. L. Romney ,
D. Richard  and
P. H. Holmes
G. J. Wassink
Affiliation:
University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH
G. Fishwick
Affiliation:
University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH
J. J. Parkins
Affiliation:
University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH
M. Gill
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Institute, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB
D. L. Romney
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Institute, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB
D. Richard
Affiliation:
Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement, 2477 Avenue du Val de Montferrand, BP 5035, 34032, Montpellier, Cedex 1, France
P. H. Holmes
Affiliation:
University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH
Get access

Abstract

The influence of types of roughage, barley straw (diet B) versus lucerne hay (diet L), on the patho-physiology of a T. congolense infection was compared in eight pairs of Scottish Blackface male twin lambs. One animal of each twin pair was infected and the other used as a pair-fed control. Voluntary food intake, body weight, digestive function, various blood haematological and biochemical measurements were made.

Voluntary organic matter intake decreased significantly after the T. congolense infection, the decrease being greater in the diet L group than in the diet B group lambs (P < 0·01). The apparent digestibility coefficients of crude protein and organic matter were significantly lower in the infected lambs (P < 0·01). Mean retention time of the roughage through the digestive tract in the animals given barley straw was significantly longer (P < 0·05) due to a lower rumen outflow rate constant (P < 0·01). Infection resulted in longer mean retention times (P < 0·01).

Packed cell volume (PCV) was significantly lower before infection in the animals given diet B (P < 0·01). After infection, diet (P < 0·01) and infection (P < 0·01) had an additive effect on PCV. The anaemia was both macrocytic (P < 0·05) and hypochromic (P < 0·01).

Diet B resulted in higher plasma cholesterol (P < 0·05), but lower plasma urea (P < 0·01) and albumin (P < 0·01) concentrations before infection than diet L. The T. congolense infection significantly lowered plasma cholesterol (P < 0·01) and increased plasma urea (P < 0·01) concentrations compared with the uninfected controls. Plasma albumin concentrations decreased, but were more affected by nutrition (P < 0·01) than by infection (P < 0·05).

It ivas concluded that the patho-physiological effects of the T. congolense infection in the Scottish Blackface lambs were affected by the type of roughage offered, but that these effects were additive rather than interactive to the effects of infection.

Keywords

digestionroughagesheeptrypanosomiasis
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Science , Volume 64 , Issue 1 , February 1997 , pp. 127 - 137
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abbott, E. M., Parkins, J. J. and Holmes, P. H. 1986. The effect of dietary protein on the pathogenesis of acute ovine haemonchosis. Veterinary Parasitology 20: 275–289.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Abdullahi, R., Akerejola, O. O. and Esievo, K. A. N. 1986. Effects of dietary protein II on some blood constituents in Yankasa ewes. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa 34:119–121.Google Scholar
Agricultural and Food Research Council. 1993. Energy and protein requirements of ruminants. An advisory manual prepared by the AFRC Technical Committee on Responses to Nutrients. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.Google Scholar
Agyemang, K., Dwinger, R. H., Little, D. A., Leperre, P. and Grieve, A. S. 1992. Interaction between physiological status in N'Dama cows and trypanosome infections and its effect on health and productivity of cattle in Gambia. Ada Tropica 50: 91–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agyemang, K., Dwinger, R. H., Touray, B. N., Jeanin, P., Fofana, D. and Grieve, A. S. 1990. Effects of nutrition on degree of anaemia and liveweight changes in N'Dama cattle infected with trypanosomes. Livestock Production Science 26: 39–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aitchison, E. M., Gill, M., Dhanoa, M. S. and Osbourn, D. F. 1986. The effect of digestibility and forage species on the removal of digesta from the rumen and the voluntary intake of hay by sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 56: 463–476.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Akinbamijo, O. O., Hamminga, B. J., Wensing, T., Brouwer, B. O., Tolkamp, B. J. and Zwart, D. 1992. The effect of T. vivax infection in West African dwarf goats on energy and nitrogen metabolism. Veterinary Quarterly 15: 95–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arave, C. W., Miller, R. H. and Lamb, R. C. 1974. Genetic and environmental effects on serum cholesterol of dairy cattle of various ages. Journal of Dairy Science 58: 423–427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berry, C. I. and Dargie, J. D. 1976. The role of host nutrition in the pathogenesis of ovine fascioliasis. Veterinary Parasitology 2:317–332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bland, J. H. 1956. Clinical recognition and management of disturbances of fluid balance. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Bown, M. D., Poppi, D. P. and Sykes, A. R. 1991. Nitrogen transactions along the digestive tract of lambs concurrently infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Ostertagia circumcincta. The British Journal of Nutrition 66:237–249.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Christian, K. R. and Coup, M. R. 1954. Measurement of feed intake by grazing cattle and sheep. IV. The determination of chromic oxide in faeces. New Zealand journal of Science and Technology 36A: 328–330.Google Scholar
Dhanoa, M. S., Siddons, R. C., France, J. and Gale, D. L. 1985. A multicompartmental model to describe marker excretion patterns in ruminant faeces. British Journal of Nutrition 53: 663–671.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Farningham, D. A. H. and Whyte, C. C. 1993. The role of propionate and acetate in the control of food intake in sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 70: 37–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Forbes, J. M. 1986. The voluntary food intake of farm animals. Butterworths, London.Google Scholar
Hudson, J. R. 1944. Acute and subacute trypanosomiasis in cattle caused by T. vivax. Journal of Comparative Pathology 54: 108–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katunguka-Rwakishaya, E. 1992. The pathophysiology of ovine trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma congolense. Ph.D. thesis, pp. 192–194.Google Scholar
Katunguka-Rwakishaya, E., Parkins, J. J., Fishwick, G., Murray, M. and Holmes, P. H. 1993. The pathophysiology of Trypanosoma congolense infection in Scottish Blackface sheep. Influence of dietary protein. Veterinary Parasitology 47: 189–204.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kimambo, A. E., MacRae, J. C., Walker, A., Watt, C. F. and Coop, R. L. 1988. Effect of prolonged subclinical infection with Trichostrongylus colubriformis on the performance and nitrogen metabolism of growing lambs. Veterinary Parasitology 28:191–203.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McDonald, I. 1981. A revised model for the estimation of protein degradability in the rumen. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 96: 251–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miert, A. S. J. P. A. M. van, Duin, C. T. M. van and Anika, S. M. 1986. Anorexia during febrile conditions in dwarf goats. The effect of diazepam, flurbiprofen and naloxone. Veterinary Quarterly 8: 266–273.Google ScholarPubMed
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland and Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland. 1981. The analysis of agricultural materials. Technical bulletin RB 427. HMSO, London.Google Scholar
Murray, M. and Dexter, T. M. 1988. Anaemia in bovine African trypanosomiasis. A review. Acta Tropica 45: 389–432.Google ScholarPubMed
Murray, M., Murray, P. K. and Mclntyre, W. I. M. 1977. An improved parasitological technique for the diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 71: 325–326.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mwongela, G. N., Kovatch, R. M. and Fazil, M. A. 1981. Acute Trypanosoma vivax infection in dairy cattle in Coast Province, Kenya. Tropical Animal Health and Production 13: 63–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nantulya, V. M., Musoke, A. J., Rurangirwa, F. R. and Moloo, S. K. 1984. Resistance of cattle to tsetse-transmitted challenge with Trypanosoma brucei or Trypanosoma congolense after spontaneous recovery from syringe-passaged infections. Infection and Immunity 43: 735–738.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ørskov, E. R. and Mehrez, A. Z. 1977. Estimation of extent of protein degradation from basal feeds in the rumen of sheep. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 36: 78A.Google ScholarPubMed
Otesile, E. B., Fagbemi, B. O. and Adeyemo, O. 1991. The effect of Trypanosoma brucei infection on serum biochemical parameters in boars on different planes of dietary energy. Veterinary Parasitology 40: 207–216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paris, J., Murray, M. and McOdimba, F. A. 1982. A comparative evaluation of parasitological techniques currently available for the diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis in cattle. Ada Tropica 39: 307–316.Google ScholarPubMed
Poppi, D. P., MacRae, J. C., Brewer, A. and Coop, R. L. 1986. Nitrogen transactions in the digestive tract of lambs exposed to the intestinal parasite Trichostrongylus colubriformis. British Journal of Nutrition 55: 593–602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reissman, K. R. 1964. Protein metabolism and erythropoiesis. I. The anaemia of protein deprivation. Blood 23: 137–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reynolds, L. and Ekwuruke, J. O. 1988. Effect of Trypanosoma vivax infection on West African dwarf sheep at two planes of nutrition. Small Ruminant Research 1:175–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Romney, D. L., N'jie, A., Holmes, P. H. and Gill, M. 1994. The effect of plane of nutrition on the response by trypanotolerant cattle to infection with trypanosomiasis. Animal Production 58: 464A (abstr.).Google Scholar
Traore-Leroux, T., Fumoux, F. and Finder, M. 1987. High density lipoprotein levels in the serum of trypanosensitive and trypanoresistant cattle. Changes during Trypanosoma congolense infection. Acta Tropica 44: 315–323.Google ScholarPubMed
Uden, P., Colucci, P. E. and Van Soest, P. J. 1980. Investigation of chromium, cerium and cobalt as markers of digesta. Rate of passage studies. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 31: 625–632.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uden, P., Rounsaville, T. R., Wiggans, G. R. and Van Soest, P. J. 1982. The measurement of liquid and solid digesta retention in ruminants, equines, and rabbits given timothy (Phleum pratense) hay. British Journal of Nutrition 48: 329–339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Veenendaal, G. H., Miert, A. S. J. P. A. M. van, Ingh, T. S. G. A. M. van den, Schotman, A. J. H. and Zwart, D.A comparison of the role of kinins and serotonin in endotoxin induced fever and Trypanosoma vivax infections in the goat. Research in Veterinary Science 21: 264–270.Google Scholar
Verstegen, M. W. A., Zwart, D., Hel, W. van der and Brouwer, B. O. 1991. Effect of T. vivax infection on the nitrogen and energy metabolism of West African dwarf goats. Journal of Animal Science 69:1667–1677.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wassink, G. J., Momoh, I. S., Zwart, D. and Wensing, T. 1993. The relation between decrease in feed intake and infection with Trypanosoma congolense and T. vivax in West African dwarf goats. Veterinary Quarterly 15: 5–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zwart, D., Akker, H. van der, Brouwer, G. O., Hel, W. van der and Verstegen, M. W. A. 1991. Effect of Trypanosoma vivax infection on body temperature, feed intake and metabolic rate of West African dwarf goats. Journal of Animal Science 69:3780–3788.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed