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Pulsatile growth hormone secretion, circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 concentration and cellular density of somatotrophs differ between Wagyu and Holstein steers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2016

M. Matsuzaki ,
T. Sato ,
S. Morita ,
N. Shiba ,
E. Tsuneishi ,
S. Hara ,
K. Ozutsumi  and
T. Yamaguchi
M. Matsuzaki*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal and Grassland Research, National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region, Kumamoto 861-1192, Japan
T. Sato
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Production Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
S. Morita
Affiliation:
Animal Husbandry Institute, Kumamoto Agricultural Research Centre, Kumamoto 861-1113, Japan
N. Shiba
Affiliation:
Department of Animal and Grassland Research, National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region, Kumamoto 861-1192, Japan
E. Tsuneishi
Affiliation:
Department of Animal and Grassland Research, National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region, Kumamoto 861-1192, Japan
S. Hara
Affiliation:
Department of Animal and Grassland Research, National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region, Kumamoto 861-1192, Japan
K. Ozutsumi
Affiliation:
Department of Animal and Grassland Research, National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region, Kumamoto 861-1192, Japan
T. Yamaguchi
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Production Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
*
†Email :animal@knaes.affrc.go.jp
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Abstract

Japanese Black cattle (Wagyu), deposit much higher amounts of intramuscular fat, known as marbling, than other breeds of cattle. To determine whether this unique fat deposition is attributable to the somatotropic axis, we compared pulsatile growth hormone (GH) secretion, plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and cellular density of somatotrophs (GH-expressing cells) in the anterior pituitary glands of Japanese Black and Holstein steers. Blood samples were withdrawn every 15 min for 6 h from 14 Japanese Black and 12 Holstein steers at about 17 months of age, and GH and IGF-1 concentrations were determined. The distribution and proportion of GH-expressing cells were analysed by immunohistochemistry combined with point-count morphometry in pituitaries from six steers from each breed aged about 18 to 21 months. Overall mean and baseline plasma GH concentrations were lower (P < 0·001) in Japanese Black than Holstein steers. In addition, Japanese Black had smaller (P < 0·05) amplitudes of GH secretory pulses than Holstein steers, whereas the GH pulse frequency did not differ between the breeds. Japanese Black steers also had lower (P < 0·001) plasma levels of IGF-1 than Holstein steers. The marbling score of Japanese Black steers was higher (P < 0·001) than that of Holsteins at the same carcass weight. The proportion of GH-expressing cells was smaller (P < 0·05) in Japanese Black than Holstein steers at the hind dorsal and hind ventral regions of the adenohypophysis. Thus, in Japanese Black and Holstein steers, the breed difference in the relative density of GH-expressing cells corresponded to that in profiles of pulsatile GH secretion. These results suggest that the features of the somatotropic axis intrinsically differ between Japanese Black and Holstein cattle and that these features may be partly responsible for the genetic ability of the former to deposit greater amounts of marbling fat and for the smaller frame of Wagyu cattle.

Keywords

cattle breedsinsulin-like growth factor -1somatotropin.
Type
Growth, development and meat science
Information
Animal Science , Volume 73 , Issue 3 , December 2001 , pp. 425 - 432
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 2001

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