Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T16:06:12.122Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Quantitative study of the α- and γ-tocopherols accumulation in muscle and backfat from Iberian pigs kept free-range as affected by time of free-range feeding or weight gain

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 March 2007

A. I. Rey ,
A. Daza ,
C. López-Carrasco  and
C. J. López-Bote
A. I. Rey*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
A. Daza
Affiliation:
Departamento de Producción Animal, Escuela de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica Madrid, Spain
C. López-Carrasco
Affiliation:
Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias ‘Deheso'n del Encinar’. Junta de Comunidades de Castilla la Mancha, Oropesa, Toledo, Spain
C. J. López-Bote
Affiliation:
Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
*
† E-mail: Anarey@vet.ucm.es
Get access

Abstract

The experiment was undertaken to quantify the α and γ-tocopherols accumulation in muscle and backfat from Iberian pigs given food free-range as affected by the time of free-range feeding or the weight gained during the fattening in free-range. Pigs were given their food in a free-range production system with pasture and acorns (Quercus rotundifolia) for different periods of time: 46 days (free-range 3), 83 days (free-range 2) and 111 days (free-range 1). A control was given food free-range for 0 days. In addition another experiment was developed to determinate the effect of the the weight gained on the tocopherols accumulation at a similar period of time (111 days) given food free-range: one group gained 68·7 kg of weight (free-range A) and the other 43·6 kg (free-range B). The concentration of γ-tocopherol significantly (P<0·0001) increased after 83 days of feeding in the longissimus dorsi (LD) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles, and after 111 days in the inner and outer backfat layers. The concentration of α-tocopherol was not statistically affected by the days of free-range feeding in any case. Iberian pigs that put on more weight had significantly (P< 0·0001) higher concentration of α and γ-tocopherols in the inner and outer backfat layers, and α-tocopherol in the BF muscle than those given food free-range B. However, no differences were detected in the proportion of α-tocopherol in the LD and γ-tocopherol in the LD and BF. The γ-tocopherol content of LD and BF muscles depending on the days of feeding were adjusted to linear and quadratic regressions (R2=0·8705 and 0·8697, respectively), while the outer and inner backfat layers were linear equations (R2=0·8480 and 0·8119, respectively). However, the γ-tocopherol concentration as affected by the weight gained in free-range showed in all tissues a linear and a quadratic trend that were adjusted to exponential responses. The α-tocopherol content was affected by the γ-tocopherol concentration in muscle and outer backfat layer. The tocopherol concentration (α and γ-tocopherols) in the backfat layers may discriminate better between the pigs of high quality that were given food free-range for a long period of time and those that stayed an intermediate period. However, to discriminate between the pigs on formulated food and those given food free-range, the quantification of the γ-tocopherol concentration in muscle could be a better indicator.

Keywords

free-range husbandrylive-weight gainpigstocopherols
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Science , Volume 82 , Issue 6 , December 2006 , pp. 901 - 908
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Association of Official Analytical Chemist (1996) Official methods of analysis 3rd ed. Washington, DC AOACGoogle Scholar
Brigelius-Flohé, R.Traber, M.G. (1999) Vitamin E: function and metabolism FASEB 13: 1145–1155CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buckley, D.J.Morrissey, P.A.Gray, J.I. (1995) Influence of dietary vitamin E on the oxidative stability and quality of pig meat Journal of Animal Science 73: 3122–3130CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burton, G.W.Traber, M.G.Acuff, R.V.Walters, D.N.Kayden, H.Hughes, L.Inglod, K.U. (1998) Human plasma and tissue α-tocopherol concentrations in response to supplementation with deuterated natural and synthetic vitamin E American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 67: 669–684CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Butriss, J.L.Diplock, A.T. (1984) High-performance liquid chromatography methods for vitamin E in tissues Methods in Enzymology 105: 131–138CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, S.Stone, W.Whaley, S.Krishnan, K. (2003) Development of gamma (γ)-tocopherol as a colorectal cancer chemopreventive agent Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology 47: 249–259CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Christen, S.Woodall, A.A.Shigenaga, M.K. Southwell-Keely, P.T.Duncan, M.W.Ames, B.N. (1997) Gamma-tocopherol traps mutagenic electrophiles such as NO(X) and complements alpha-tocopherol: physiological implications Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 10: 401–407Google Scholar
Daza, A.Rey, A.I.Ruiz, J. López-Bote, C.J. (2005) Effects of feeding in free-range conditions or in confinement with different dietary MUFA/PUFA ratios and α-tocopheryl acetate, on antioxidants accumulation and oxidative stability in Iberian pigs Meat Science 69: 151–163CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hernsley, K.Benaksas, E.Bolli, R.Comp, P.Grammas, P.Hamdheydari, L.Mou, S.Pye, Q.N.Stoddard, M.F.Wallis, G.Williamson, K.S.West, M.Wechter, W.J.Floyd, R.A. (2004) New perspectives on vitamin E: γ-tocopherol and carboxyethylhydroxychroman metabolites in biology and medicine Free Radical Biology and Medicine 36: 1–15CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ikeda, S.Toyoshima, K.Yamashita, K. (2001) Dietary sesame sedes elevate α- and γ-tocotrienol concentrations in skin and adipose tissue of rats fed the tocotrienol-rich fraction extracted from palm oil Journal of Nutrition 131: 2892–2897CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiang, Q.Christen, S.Shigenaga, M.K.Ames, B.N. (2001) γ-Tocopherol, the major form of vitamin E in the US diet, deserves more attention American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 74: 714–722CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lawlor, J.B.Sheehan, E.M.Delahunty, C.M.Kerry, J.P.Morrissey, P.A. (2003) Oxidative stability of ccoked chicken breast burgers obtained from organic, free-range and conventionally reared animals International Journal of Poultry Science 2: 398–403Google Scholar
Lebret, B., Guillard, A. S. and Berger, F. 2002. Effect of rearing conditions (indoors vs. outdoors with pasture) on carcass and meat quality of cull sows. 34 Journées de la Reserche Porcine, sous l'égide de l'association Francaise de Zootechnie, París, France, 5–7 février 2002, pp. 31–37.Google Scholar
López-Bote, C. J. 1998. Sustained utilisation of the Iberian pig breed. Meat Science 49: S17–S27CrossRefGoogle Scholar
López-Bote, C.J. (2000) Dietary treatment and quality characteristics in Mediterranean meat products. In Antioxidants in muscle foods (ed. Decker, E.Faustman, F.López-Bote, C.J.Chichester, J.), pp. 345–365. J. Wiley and Sons, Chichester.Google Scholar
López-Bote, C.J.Isabel, B.Ruiz, J.Daza, A. (2003) Effect of vitamin E supplementation and partial substitution of poly-with mono-unsaturated fatty acids in pigs diets on muscle, and microsome extract α- tocopherol concentration and lipid oxidation Archives of Animal Nutrition 57: 11–25CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
López-Bote, C. J. and Rey, A. I. 2005. Invention patent no. P200501198. Universidad Complutense de MadridGoogle Scholar
Morinobu, T.Yoshikawa, S.Hamamura, K.Tamai, H. (2003) Measurement of vitamin E metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography during high-dose administration of α-tocopherol European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 57: 410–414CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morrissey, P.A.Brandon, S.Buckley, D.J.Sheehy, P.J. A. Frigg, M. (1997) Tissue content of a-tocopherol and oxidative stability of broilers receiving dietary a-tocopheryl acetate supplement for various periods pre-slaughter Bristish Poultry Science 38: 84–88CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rey, A.I.Daza, A. Lopez-Carrasco, C.López-Bote, C.J. (2006) Feeding Iberian pigs with acorns and grass in either free-range or confinement affects the carcass characteristics and fatty acids and tocopherols accumulation in Longissimus dorsi muscle and backfat Meat Science 73: 66–74CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rey, A.I.Isabel, B.Cava, R. López-Bote, C.J. (1998) Dietary acorns provide a source of gamma-tocopherol to pigs raised extensively Canadian Journal of Animal Science 78: 441–443CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rey, A.López-Bote, C.J. (2001) Effect of dietary copper and vitamin E supplementation, and extensive feeding with acorns and grass on longissimus muscle composition and susceptibility to oxidation in Iberian pigs Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 85: 281–292CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rey, A.I.López-Bote, C.J.Buckley, J.D. (2004) Effect of feed on cholesterol concentration and oxidation products development of longissimus dorsi muscle from Iberian pigs Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research 43: 69–83Google Scholar
Rey, A.I. López- Bote, C.J. Sanz Arias, R. (1997) Effect of extensive feeding on α- tocopherol concentration and oxidative stability of muscle microsomes from Iberian pigs Animal Science 65: 515–520CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, D.A.Blanchflower, W.J.McMurray, C.H. (1981) Reproduction of nutritional degenerative myopathy in the post ruminant calf Veterinary Record 109: 161–162CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saldeen, T.Li, D.Mehta, J.L. (1999) Differential effects of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol on low-density lipoprotein oxidation, superoxide activity, platelet aggregation and arterial thrombogenesis Journal of Americal College of Cardiology 34: 1208–1215CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Statistical Analysis Systems Institute (1999) SAS user's guide Cary, NC SAS Inc.Google Scholar
Sukhija, P.S.Palmquist, D.L. (1988) Rapid method for determination of total fatty acid content and composition of feedstuffs and feces Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 36: 1202–1206CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willis, M.S.Wians, F.H. (2003) The role of nutrition in preventing prostate cancer: a review of the proposed mechanism of action of various dietary substances Clinical Chimica Acta 330: 57–83CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed