Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T17:47:49.505Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Simulation of growth in pigs: approximation of protein turn-over parameters

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

P. W. Knap  and
J. W. Schrama
P. W. Knap
Affiliation:
Norsvin, PO Box 504, N-2301 Hamar, Norway
J. W. Schrama
Affiliation:
Departments of Animal Husbandry and Nutrition, Wageningen Agricultural University, PO Box 338, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
Get access

Abstract

A dynamic model for simulation of growth in pigs was extended by a module to describe protein turn-over in six body protein pools (muscle, connective tissue, liver, blood plasma, gastro-intestinal, and 'other' proteins). The model describes protein deposition in these pools following different growth curves and differential rates of turnover. Growth curve parameters and turn-over rates were obtained from the literature.

In growing animals, experimentally measured turn-over rates represent a combination of turn-over of already-present body protein and fractional (repeated) synthesis of newly deposited protein. An attempt was made to distinguish between these processes by varying the values of the fractional rate of synthesis of newly deposited protein (FRSdrp) and of the proportionof maintenance energy requirements not related to protein turn-over (FrcMEmaint), and comparing the simulated outputto the output from the original model without the protein turnover module.

The turn-over rate (TRpres)of already present connective tissue protein reached unrealistic values for FRSdep > 2·5 per day, which puts an upper limit on FRSdep.

The output from the extended and the original models showed similar patterns for certain combinations of FRSdefl and FrcMEmaint, dependent on the levels of model input variables. For FRSdcp 2·5 perday, these similar patterns have their optimum at FrcME^^ = 0·65, coinciding with FRSdep =2·0 per day. The corresponding TRpres values were 0·060, 0·019, 0·585, 1·492, 0·582, and 0·016 per day for the above mentioned pools.

Keywords

pigsprotein turnoversimulation
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Science , Volume 63 , Issue 3 , December 1996 , pp. 533 - 547
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Campbell, R. G. and Tavemer, M. R. 1988. Genotype and sex effects on the relationship between energy intake and protein deposition in growing pigs. Journal ofAnimal Science. 66: 676–686.Google Scholar
Es, A. J. H. van. 1980. Energy costs of protein deposition. In Protein deposition in animals (ed. Buttery, P. J., Lindsay, D. B), pp. 215–224. Butterworths, London.Google Scholar
Foster, W. H., Kilpatrick, D. J. and Heaney, I. H. 1983. Genetic variation in the efficiency of energy utilization by the fattening pig. Animal Production. 37: 387–393.Google Scholar
Gill, M., France, J., Summers, M., McBride, B. and Milligan, L. P. 1989. Simulation of the energy costs associated with protein turnover and Na+, K+-transport in growing lambs. Journal ofNutrition. 119: 1287–1299.Google Scholar
Greef, K. H. de. 1987. Ontwikkeling van een model ter simulatie van de groei bij mestvarkens. M.Sc. thesis, Department of Animal Nutrition, Wageningen Agricultural University.Google Scholar
Greef, K. H. de and Verstegen, M. W. A. 1992. Partitioning of protein and lipid deposition in the body of growing pigs. Livestock Production Science 35: 317–328.Google Scholar
Haer, L. C. M. de, Luiting, P. and Aarts, H. 1992. Relations among individual (residual) feed intake, growth performance and feed intake pattern of growing pigs in group housing. Livestock Production Science. 36: 233–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jargensen, J. N., Fernandez, J. A., Jorgensen, H. H. and Just, A. 1985. Anatomical and chemical composition of female pigs and barrows of Danish Landrace breed related t o nutrition. Zeitschrift fur Tierphysiologie, Tierernahrung Futtermittelkunde. 54: 253–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kanis, E. and Koops, W. J. 1990. The course of daily gain, food intake and food efficiency in pigs during the growing period. Animal Production. 50: 353–364.Google Scholar
Klein, M. and Hoffmann, L. 1989. Bioenergetics of protein retention. In Protein metabolism in farm animals: evaluation, digestion, absorption and metabolism (ed. Bock, H. D., Eggum, B., Low, A. G., Simon, O., Zebrowska, T.), pp. 404–440. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Knap, P. W. 1996. Stochastic simulation of growth in pigs: protein turn-over-dependent relations between body composition and maintenance requirements. Animal Science. 63: 549–561.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metz, S. H. M., Bergstrom, P. L., Lenis, N. P., De Wijs, M. and Dekker, R. A. 1980. The effect of daily energy intake on growth rate and composition of weight gain in pigs. Livestock Production Science 7: 79–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moughan, P. J. 1985. Sensitivity analysis on a model simulating the digestion and metabolism of nitrogen in the growing pig. New Zealand Journal ofAgricultural Research 28: 463–468.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moughan, P. J. and Smith, W. C. 1984. Prediction of dietary protein quality based on a model of the digestion and metabolism of nitrogen in the growing pig. New Zealand Journal ofAgricultural Research. 27: 501–507.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moughan, P. J. and Verstegen, M. W. A. 1988. The modelling of growth in the pig. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science. 36: 145–166.Google Scholar
Mrode, R. A. and Kennedy, B. W. 1993. Genetic variation n i measures of food efficiency in pig s and their genetic relationships with growth rate and backfat. Animal Production. 56: 225–232.Google Scholar
Neter, J., Wasserman, W. and Kutner, M. H. 1985. Applied linear statistical models. Irwin, Homewood IL.Google Scholar
Oslage, H. J. 1965. N(Eiweiss)-und Fettverteilung im Körper wachsende r Schweine. Züchtungskunde. 37: 337–347.Google Scholar
Pfeiffer, H., Lengerken, G. von and Bergmann, M. 1990. Nahrstoffzusammensetzung von Teilstücken und Innereien wachsender Schweine bei unterschiedlichen Lebendmassen. Archiv für Tierzucht 33: 57–64.Google Scholar
Rao, D. S. and McCracken, K. J. 1991. Effect of energy intake on protein and energy metabolism of boars of high genetic potential for lean growth. Animal Production. 52: 499–507.Google Scholar
Reeds, P. J. 1989. Regulation of protein turnover. In Animal growth regulation (ed. Campion, D. R., Hausman, G. J., Martin, R. J.), pp. 183–203. Plenum Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reeds, P. J. 1991. The energy cost of protein deposition. In Proceedings of the 12th symposium on energy metabolism of farm animals (ed. Wenk, C., Boessinger, M.), European Association of Animal Production, publication no. 58: pp. 473–479.Google Scholar
Reeds, P. J., Cadenhead, A., Fuller, M. F., Lobley, G. E. and Macdonald, J. D. 1980. Protein turnover in growing pigs. Effects of age and food intake. British Journal of Nutrition. 43: 445–455.Google Scholar
Reeds, P. J., Fuller, M. F., Lobley, G. E., Cadenhead, A. and Macdonald, J. D. 1978. Protein synthesis and amin o acid oxidation in growing pigs. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 37: 106a.Google Scholar
Riis, P. M. 1983a. The pools of tissue constituents and products: proteins. In Dynamic biochemistry of animal production (ed. Riis, P. M.), pp. 75–108. World Animal Science A3. Elsevier, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Riis, P. M. 1983b. The pools of cellular nutrients: amino acids. In Dynamic biochemistry of animal production (ed. Riis, P. M.), pp. 151–172. World Animal Science A3. Elsevier, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Schreurs, V. A. A. M., Boekholt, H. A., Koopmanschap, R. E. and Weijs, P. J. M. 1992. The metabolic utilization of amino acids: potentials of 14CO2 breath test measurements. British Journal of Nutrition 67: 207–214.Google Scholar
Simon, O. 1989. Metabolism of proteins and amino acids. In Protein metabolism in farm animals: evaluation, digestion, absorption and metabolism (ed. Bock, H. D., Eggum, B. O., Low, A. G., Simon, O., Zebrowska, T.), pp. 273–366. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. 1990. SAS/STAT users guide, vol. 2. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute Inc., Cary, NC.Google Scholar
Susenbeth, A. and Keitel, K. 1988. Partition of whole body protein in different body fractions and som e constants in body composition in pigs. Livestock Production Science. 20: 37–52.Google Scholar
Tullis, J. B. 1981. Protein growth in pigs. Ph.D. thesis, University of Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Waterlow, J. C., Gariick, P. J. and Millward, D. J. 1978. Protein turnover in mammalian tissues and in the whole body. Elsevier North-Holland, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Whittemore, C. T., Tullis, J. B. and Emmans, G. C. 1988. Protein growth in pigs. Animal Production. 46: 437–445.Google Scholar