Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T11:41:02.940Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Bacteriophage cocktail and multi-strain probiotics in the feed for weanling pigs: effects on intestine morphology and targeted intestinal coliforms and Clostridium

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 June 2016

J. S. Kim ,
A. Hosseindoust ,
S. H. Lee ,
Y. H. Choi ,
M. J. Kim ,
J. H. Lee ,
I. K. Kwon  and
B. J. Chae
J. S. Kim
Affiliation:
Southern Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Waseca, MN 56093, USA
A. Hosseindoust
Affiliation:
College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
S. H. Lee
Affiliation:
College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
Y. H. Choi
Affiliation:
College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
M. J. Kim
Affiliation:
College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
J. H. Lee
Affiliation:
CTC Bio Inc., Seoul, 138-858, Republic of Korea
I. K. Kwon
Affiliation:
College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
B. J. Chae*
Affiliation:
College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
*
† E-mail: bjchae@kangwon.ac.kr
Get access

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of bacteriophage cocktail, probiotics and a combination of these two supplements on performance and gut health of weanling pigs. In Experiment 1, 150 weaned piglets were randomly allotted to three treatments on the basis of BW. The dietary treatments included a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg bacteriophage cocktail. Pigs fed 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg bacteriophage product had greater (P<0.05) average daily gain (ADG), apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter from day 22 to 35, ileal Lactobacillus spp., villus height (duodenum and jejunum), and fewer coliforms (ileum) and Clostridium spp. (ileum). In Experiment 2, 200 weaned piglets were randomly allotted to four treatments. Dietary treatments included basal diet, basal diet supplemented with 3.0 g/kg fermented probiotic product (P), 1.0 g/kg bacteriophage cocktail (B) and combination of 1.0 g/kg bacteriophage cocktail and 3.0 g/kg fermented probiotic product. Pigs fed bacteriophage cocktail diets had greater (P<0.05) overall ADG, gain to feed ratio (G : F), fecal score from day 8 to day 21, and pigs fed bacteriophage cocktail diets had fewer coliforms (ileum) Clostridium spp. (ileum and cecum). Probiotics significantly increased G : F, colonization of Lactobacillus spp. in ileum. At day 35, bacteriophage treatment group showed greater (P<0.05) villus height of the duodenum, but a deeper crypt in duodenum. The present results indicate that the bacteriophage cocktail had a potential to enhance the performance and gut health of weanling pigs, however their combination with probiotics did not show an interaction.

Keywords

bacteriophagemicrofloraintestinal morphologyprobioticsweanling pigs
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 11 , Issue 1 , January 2017 , pp. 45 - 53
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

a

These authors contributed equally to this work.

References

Association of Official Analytical Chemists 2007. Official methods of analysis, 18th edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.Google Scholar
Baker, AA, Davis, E., Spencer, JD, Moser, R and Rehberger, T 2013. The effect of a-based direct-fed microbial supplemented to sows on the gastrointestinal microbiota of their neonatal piglets. Journal of Animal Science 91, 3390–3399.Google Scholar
Barrow, P 2001. The use of bacteriophages for treatment and prevention of bacterial disease in animals and animal models of human infection. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 76, 677–682.Google Scholar
Choi, JY, Kim, JS, Ingale, SL, Kim, KH, Shinde, PL, Kwon, IK and Chae, BJ 2011a. Effect of potential multimicrobe probiotic product processed by high drying temperature and antibiotic on performance of weanling pigs. Journal of Animal Science 89, 1795–1804.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Choi, JY, Shinde, PL, Ingale, SL, Kim, JS, Kim, YW, Kim, KH, Kwon, IK and Chae, BJ 2011b. Evaluation of multi-microbe probiotics prepared by submerged liquid or solid substrate fermentation and antibiotics in weaning pigs. Livestock Science 138, 144–151.Google Scholar
Endersen, L, O’Mahony, J, Hill, C, Ross, RP, McAuliffe, O and Coffey, A 2014. Phage therapy in the food industry. Annual Review of Food Science and Technology 5, 327–349.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fan, Y, Croom, J, Christensen, V, Black, B, Bird, A, Daniel, L, McBride, B and Eisen, E 1997. Jejunal glucose uptake and oxygen consumption in turkey poults selected for rapid growth. Poultry Science 76, 1738–1745.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fenton, TW and Fenton, M 1979. An improved method for chromic oxide determination in feed and feces. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 59, 631–634.Google Scholar
Frydendahl, K 2002. Prevalence of serogroups and virulence genes in Escherichia coli associated with postweaning diarrhoea and edema disease in pigs and a comparison of diagnostic approaches. Veterinary Microbiology 85, 169–182.Google Scholar
Fuller, R 1989. Probiotics in man and animals. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 66, 365–378.Google Scholar
GAIN 2011. Korea phases out antibiotic usage in compound feed. USDA Foreign Agricultural Service. Report number: KS1128, Seoul, South Korea.Google Scholar
Gebru, EJ, Lee, S, Son, JC, Yang, SY, Shin, SA, Kim, B, Kim, MK and Park, SC 2010. Effect of probiotics, bacteriophage, or organic acid supplemented feeds or fermented soybean meal on the growth performance, acute phase response, and bacterial shedding of grower pig challenged with Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium. Journal of Animal Science 88, 3880–3886.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Halas, D, Heo, JM, Hansen, CF, Kim, JC, Hampson, DJ, Mullan, BP and Pluske, JR 2007. Organic acids, prebiotics and protein level as dietary tools to control the weaning transition and reduce post-weaning diarrhea in piglets. CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources 79, 20–29.Google Scholar
Heyman, M and Menard, S 2002. Probiotic microorganisms: how they affect intestinal pathophysiology. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 59, 1151–1165.Google Scholar
Hopwood, DE, Pluske, JR and Hampson, DJ 2005. Dietary manipulation of infectious bowel disease. In Biology of nutrition in growing animals (ed. R Mosenthin, J Zentek and E Zebrowska), pp. 365–385. Elsevier Limited, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.Google Scholar
Jamalludeen, N, Johnson, RP, Shewen, PE and Gyles, CL 2009. Evaluation of bacteriophages for prevention and treatment of diarrhea due to experimental enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O149 infection of pigs. Veterinary Microbiology 136, 135–141.Google Scholar
Kenny, M, Smidt, H, Mengheri, E and Miller, B 2011. Probiotics – do they have a role in the pig industry? Animal 5, 462–470.Google Scholar
Jin, Z, Shinde, PL, Yang, YX, Choi, JY, Yoon, SY, Hahn, TW, Lim, HT, Park, YK, Hahm, KS, Joo, JW and Chae, BJ 2009. Use of refined potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Gogu valley) protein as an alternative to antibiotics in weanling pigs. Livestock Science 124, 26–32.Google Scholar
Kim, JH, Kim, JW, Lee, BB, Lee, GI, Lee, JH, Kim, GB and Kil, DY 2014a. Effect of dietary supplementation of bacteriophage on growth performance and cecal bacterial populations in broiler chickens raised in different housing systems. Livestock Science 170, 137–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, JS, Ingale, SL, Kim, YW, Kim, KH, Sinol, S, Ryu, MH, Lohakare, JD, Kwon, IK and Chae, BJ 2012. Effect of supplementation of multi-microbe probiotic product on growth performance, apparent digestibility, cecal microbiota and small intestinal morphology of broilers. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 96, 618–626.Google Scholar
Kim, KH, Ingale, SL, Kim, JS, Lee, SH, Lee, JH, Kwon, IK and Chae, BJ 2014b. Bacteriophage and probiotics both enhance the performance of growing pigs but bacteriophage are more effective. Animal Feed Science and Technology 196, 88–95.Google Scholar
Lu, Z, Breidt, F, Plengvidhya, V and Fleming, HP 2003. Bacteriophage ecology in commercial sauerkraut fermentations. Applied Environment Microbiology 69, 3192–3202.Google Scholar
McGrath, S, Fitzgerald, GF and Sinderen, DV 2004. Starter cultures: bacteriophage. Cheese: Chemistry, Physics and Microbiology 1, 163–189.Google Scholar
Meader, E, Mayer, MJ, Steverding, D, Carding, SR and Narbad, A 2013. Evaluation of bacteriophage therapy to control Clostridium difficile and toxin production in an in vitro human colon model system. Anaerobe 22, 25–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, RW, Skinner, J, Sulakvelidze, A, Mathis, GF and Hofacre, CL 2010. Bacteriophage therapy for control of necrotic enteritis of broiler chickens experimentally infected with Clostridium perfringens . Avian Diseases 54, 33–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mourao, JL, Pinheiro, V, Alves, A, Guedes, CM, Pinto, L, Saavedra, MJ, Spring, P and Kocher, A 2005. Effect of mannan oligosaccharides on the performance, intestinal morphology and cecal fermentation of fattening rabbits. Animal Feed Science and Technology 126, 107–120.Google Scholar
National Research Council (NRC) 1998. Nutrient requirements of swine, 10th edition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Pettigrew, JE 2006. Reduced use of antibiotic growth promoters in diets fed to weanling pigs: dietary tools, part 1. Animal Biotechnology 17, 207–215.Google Scholar
Samanya, M and Yamauchi, K 2002. Histological alterations of intestinal villi in chickens fed dried Bacillus subtilis var. natto . Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 133, 95–104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schwarz, S, Kehrenberg, C and Walsh, TR 2001. Use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine and food animal production. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 17, 431–437.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shim, YH, Shinde, PL, Choi, JY, Kim, JS, Seo, DK, Pak, JI, Chae, BJ and Kwon, IK 2010. Evaluation of multi-microbial probiotics produced by submerged liquid and solid substrate fermentation methods in broilers. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 23, 521–529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wall, SK, Zhang, J, Rostagno, MH and Ebner, PD 2010. Phage therapy to reduce pre-processing Salmonella infections in market weight swine. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, 48–53.Google Scholar
Wittebole, X, Roock, SD and Opal, SM 2014. A historical overview of bacteriophage therapy as an alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial pathogens. Virulence 5, 1–10.Google Scholar
Yan, L, Hong, S and Kim, IH 2012. Effects of bacteriophage supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, and fecal microbial shedding in growing pigs. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science 25, 1451–1456.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yoon, JH, Ingale, SL, Kim, JS, Kim, KH, Lee, SH, Park, YK, Kwon, IK and Chae, BJ 2012. Effects of dietary supplementation of antimicrobial peptide-A3 on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal and fecal microflora and intestinal morphology in weanling pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 177, 98–107.Google Scholar
Yoon, JH, Ingale, SL, Kim, JS, Kim, KH, Park, YK, Lee, SC, Kwon, IK and Chae, BJ 2014. Effects of dietary supplementation of synthetic antimicrobial peptide-A3 and P5 on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients, fecal and intestinal microflora and intestinal morphology in weanling pigs. Livestock Science 159, 53–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar