Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T06:07:57.094Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Carbohydrate-rich supplements can improve nitrogen use efficiency and mitigate nitrogenous gas emissions from the excreta of dairy cows grazing temperate grass

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 January 2020

J. G. R. Almeida Open the ORCID record for J. G. R. Almeida [Opens in a new window] ,
A. C. Dall-Orsoletta ,
M. M. Oziemblowski ,
G. M. Michelon ,
C. Bayer ,
N. Edouard  and
H. M. N. Ribeiro-Filho
J. G. R. Almeida*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 88520-000Lages, SC, Brazil
A. C. Dall-Orsoletta
Affiliation:
Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 88520-000Lages, SC, Brazil
M. M. Oziemblowski
Affiliation:
Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 88520-000Lages, SC, Brazil
G. M. Michelon
Affiliation:
Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 88520-000Lages, SC, Brazil
C. Bayer
Affiliation:
Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, P.O. Box 15100, 91540-000Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
N. Edouard
Affiliation:
UMR1348 Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 35590Saint-Gilles, France
H. M. N. Ribeiro-Filho
Affiliation:
Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 88520-000Lages, SC, Brazil
*
†E-mail: joaogabriel@zootecnista.com.br
Get access

Abstract

Temperate pasture species constitute a source of protein for dairy cattle. On the other hand, from an environmental perspective, their high N content can increase N excretion and nitrogenous gas emissions by livestock. This work explores the effect of energy supplementation on N use efficiency (NUE) and nitrogenous gas emissions from the excreta of dairy cows grazing a pasture of oat and ryegrass. The study was divided into two experiments: an evaluation of NUE in grazing dairy cows, and an evaluation of N-NH3 and N-N2O volatilizations from dairy cow excreta. In the first experiment, 12 lactating Holstein × Jersey F1 cows were allocated to a double 3 × 3 Latin square (three experimental periods of 17 days each) and subjected to three treatments: cows without supplementation (WS), cows supplemented at 4.2 kg DM of corn silage (CS) per day, and cows supplemented at 3.6 kg DM of ground corn (GC) per day. In the second experiment, samples of excreta were collected from the cows distributed among the treatments. Aliquots of dung and urine of each treatment plus one blank (control – no excreta) were allotted to a randomized block design to evaluate N-NH3 and N-N2O volatilization. Measurements were performed until day 25 for N-NH3 and until day 94 for N-N2O. Dietary N content in the supplemented cows was reduced by 20% (P < 0.001) compared with WS cows, regardless of the supplement. Corn silage cows had lower N intake (P < 0.001) than WS and GC cows (366 v. 426 g/day, respectively). Ground corn supplementation allowed cows to partition more N towards milk protein compared with the average milk protein of WS cows or those supplemented with corn silage (117 v. 108 g/day, respectively; P < 0.01). Thus, even though they were in different forms, both supplements were able to increase (P < 0.01) NUE from 27% in WS cows to 32% in supplemented cows. Supplementation was also effective in reducing N excretion (761 v. 694 g/kg of Nintake; P < 0.001), N-NH3 emission (478 v. 374 g/kg of Nmilk; P < 0.01) and N-N2O emission (11 v. 8 g/kg of Nmilk; P < 0.001). Corn silage and ground corn can be strategically used as feed supplements to improve NUE, and they have the potential to mitigate N-NH3 and N-N2O emissions from the excreta of dairy cows grazing high-protein pastures.

Keywords

ammoniaenvironmentgreenhouse gasnitrogen balancenitrous oxide
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 14 , Issue 6 , June 2020 , pp. 1184 - 1195
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alves, BJR, Santos, JCF, Urquiaga, S and Boddey, RM 1994. Métodos de determinação do nitrogênio em solo e planta. In Manual de métodos empregados em estudos de microbiologia agrícola (eds. Araújo, RS and Hungria, M), pp. 449–469. Embrapa-SPI, Brasília, DF, Brasil.Google Scholar
Araújo, EDS, Marsola, T, Miyazawa, M, Soares, LHDB, Urquiaga, S, Boddey, RM and Alves, BJR 2009. Calibração de câmara semiaberta estática para quantificação de amônia volatilizada do solo. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 44, 769–776.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemistis (AOAC) 1998. Official methods of analysis, 16th edition. AOAC, Arlington, VA, USA.Google Scholar
Bargo, F, Delahoy, JE and Muller, LD 2004. Milk production of dairy cows fed total mixed rations after a grazing period. The Professional Animal Scientist 20, 270–277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bargo, F, Muller, LD, Delahoy, JE and Cassidy, TW 2002. Milk response to concentrate supplementation of high producing dairy cows grazing at two pasture allowances. Journal of Dairy Science 85, 1777–1792.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bertol, I, Albuquerque, JA, Leite, D, Amaral, AJ and Zoldan Junior, WA 2004. Propriedades físicas do solo sob preparo convencional e semeadura direta em rotação e sucessão de culturas, comparadas às do campo nativo. Revista Brasileira de Ciencia do Solo 28, 155–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cantalapiedra-Hijar, G, Peyraud, JL, Lemosquet, S, Molina-Alcaide, E, Boudra, H, Nozière, P and Ortigues-Marty, I 2014. Dietary carbohydrate composition modifies the milk N efficiency in late lactation cows fed low crude protein diets. Animal 8, 275–285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cantarella, H, Mattos, D, Quaggio, JA and Rigolin, AT 2003. Fruit yield of Valencia sweet orange fertilized with different N sources and the loss of applied N. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 67, 215–223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cutullic, E, Delaby, L, Edouard, N and Faverdin, P 2013a. Rôle de l’équilibre en azote dégradable et de l’alimentation protéique individualisée sur l’efficience d’utilisation de l’azote. Rencontres Recherches Ruminants 20, 53–56.Google Scholar
Cutullic, E, Faverdin, P, Edouard, N and Peyraud, JL 2013b. Report on the final validation of the shared data basis on N balance (D7.2). In Report of simulation to quantify the effect of the main factors affecting N balance at cow level (D7.3). [Research Report] auto-saisine, Rennes, France.Google Scholar
Dall-Orsoletta, AC, Oziemblowski, MM, Berndt, A and Ribeiro-Filho, HMN 2019. Enteric methane emission from grazing dairy cows receiving corn silage or ground corn supplementation. Animal Feed Science and Technology 253, 65–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Klein, CAM, Barton, L, Sherlock, RR, Li, Z and Littlejohn, RP 2003. Estimating a nitrous oxide emission factor for animal urine from some New Zealand pastoral soils. Australian Journal of Soil Research 41, 381–399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Klein, CAM, Luo, J, Woodward, KB, Styles, T, Wise, B, Lindsey, S and Cox, N 2014. The effect of nitrogen concentration in synthetic cattle urine on nitrous oxide emissions. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 188, 85–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delagarde, R, Peyraud, JL, Delaby, L and Faverdin, P 2000. Vertical distribution of biomass, chemical composition and pepsin-cellulase digestibility in a perennial ryegrass sward: Interaction with month of year, regrowth age and time of day. Animal Feed Science and Technology 84, 49–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delagarde, R, Peyraud, J-L, Parga, J and Ribeiro Filho, HMN 2001. Caractéristiques de la prairie avant et aprés un pâturage; quels indicateurs de l´ingestion chez la vache laitière? Rencontres Recherches Ruminants 8, 209–212.Google Scholar
Delagarde, R, Valk, H, Mayne, CS, Rook, AJ, González-Rodríguez, A, Baratte, C, Faverdin, P and Peyraud, JL 2011. GrazeIn: a model of herbage intake and milk production for grazing dairy cows. 3. Simulations and external validation of the model. Grass and Forage Science 66, 61–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delahoy, JE, Muller, LD, Bargo, F, Cassidy, TW and Holden, LA 2003. Supplemental carbohydrate sources for lactating dairy cows on pasture. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 906–915.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edouard, N, Hassouna, M, Robin, P and Faverdin, P 2016. Low degradable protein supply to increase nitrogen efficiency in lactating dairy cows and reduce environmental impacts at barn level. Animal 10, 212–220.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Galloway, JN, Townsend, AR, Erisman, JW, Bekunda, M, Cai, Z, Freney, JR, Martinelli, LA, Seitzinger, SP and Sutton, MA 2008. Transformation of the nitrogen cycle: recent trends, questions, and potential solutions. Science 320, 889–892.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gomes, J, Bayer, C, de Souza Costa, F, de Cássia Piccolo, M, Zanatta, JA, Vieira, FCB and Six, J 2009. Soil nitrous oxide emissions in long-term cover crops-based rotations under subtropical climate. Soil and Tillage Research 106, 36–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haynes, RJ and Williams, PH 1993. Nutrient cycling and soil fertility in the grazed pasture ecosystem. Advances in Agronomy 49, 119–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hristov, AN, Ropp, JK, Grandeen, KL, Abedi, S, Etter, RP, Melgar, A and Foley, AE 2005. Effect of carbohydrate source on ammonia utilization in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science 83, 408–421.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Institute National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) 2007. Alimentation des bovins, ovins et caprins. Editions Quae, Versilles, France.Google Scholar
Intergovernamental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006. IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan.Google Scholar
Jantalia, CP, Halvorson, AD, Follett, RF, Alves, BJR, Polidoro, JC and Urquiaga, S 2012. Nitrogen source effects on ammonia volatilization as measured with semi-static chambers. Agronomy Journal 104, 1595–1603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, ACB, Reed, KF and Kebreab, E 2016. Short communication: evaluation of nitrogen excretion equations from cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 99, 7669–7678.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lantinga, EA, Neuteboom, JH and Meijs, JAC 2004. Sward methods. In Herbage intake handbook (ed. Penning, PD), 2nd edition, pp. 23–52. The British Grassland Society, Maidenhead, UK.Google Scholar
Laubach, J, Taghizadeh-Toosi, A, Gibbs, SJ, Sherlock, RR, Kelliher, FM and Grover, SPP 2013. Ammonia emissions from cattle urine and dung excreted on pasture. Biogeosciences 10, 327–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laubach, J, Taghizadeh-Toosi, A, Sherlock, RR and Kelliher, FM 2012. Measuring and modelling ammonia emissions from a regular pattern of cattle urine patches. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 156, 1–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lessa, ACR, Madari, BE, Paredes, DS, Boddey, RM, Urquiaga, S, Jantalia, CP and Alves, BJR 2014. Bovine urine and dung deposited on Brazilian savannah pastures contribute differently to direct and indirect soil nitrous oxide emissions. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 190, 104–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, H and Zhou, D 2014. Mitigation of ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions from pasture treated with urine of sheep fed diets supplemented with sodium chloride. Animal Feed Science and Technology 192, 39–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luo, J, Ledgard, SF, De Klein, CAM, Lindsey, SB and Kear, M 2008a. Effects of dairy farming intensification on nitrous oxide emissions. Plant and Soil 309, 227–237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luo, J, Lindsey, SB and Ledgard, SF 2008b. Nitrous oxide emissions from animal urine application on a New Zealand pasture. Biology and Fertility of Soils 44, 463–470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monteils, V, Jurjanz, S, Blanchart, G and Laurent, F 2002. Nitrogen utilisation by dairy cows fed diets differing in crude protein level with a deficit in ruminal fermentable nitrogen. Reproduction, Nutrition, Development 42, 545–557.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mosier, AR 1989. Chamber and isotope techniques. In Exchange of traces gases between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere: report of the Dahlem workshop (eds. Andreae, MO and Schimel, DS), pp. 175–187. Wiley, Berlin, Germany.Google Scholar
Mutsvangwa, T, Davies, KL, McKinnon, JJ and Christensen, DA 2016. Effects of dietary crude protein and rumen-degradable protein concentrations on urea recycling, nitrogen balance, omasal nutrient flow, and milk production in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 99, 6298–6310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oenema, O, Velthof, GL, Yamulki, S and Jarvis, SC 1997. Nitrous oxide emissions from grazed grassland. Soil Use and Management 13, 288–295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petersen, SO, Sommer, SG, Aaes, O and Søegaard, K 1998. Ammonia losses from urine and dung of grazing cattle: effect of N intake. Atmospheric Environment 32, 295–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reynolds, CK and Kristensen, NB 2008. Nitrogen recycling through the gut and the nitrogen economy of ruminants: an asynchronous symbiosis. Journal of Animal Science 86, 293–305.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rochette, P, Chantigny, MH, Ziadi, N, Angers, DA, Bélanger, G, Charbonneau, É, Pellerin, D, Liang, C and Bertrand, N 2014. Soil nitrous oxide emissions after deposition of dairy cow excreta in Eastern Canada. Journal of Environment Quality 43, 829.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saarijärvi, K, Mattila, PK and Virkajärvi, P 2006. Ammonia volatilization from artificial dung and urine patches measured by the equilibrium concentration technique (JTI method). Atmospheric Environment 40, 5137–5145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, KA, Ball, T, Conen, F, Dobbie, KE, Massheder, J and Rey, A 2003. Exchange of greenhouse gases between soil and atmosphere: interactions of soil physical factors and biological processes. European Journal of Soil Science 54, 779–791.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sordi, A, Dieckow, J, Bayer, C, Alburquerque, MA, Piva, JT, Zanatta, JA, Tomazi, M, da Rosa, CM and de Moraes, A 2014. Nitrous oxide emission factors for urine and dung patches in a subtropical Brazilian pastureland. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 190, 94–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steinfeld, H, Gerber, P, Wassenaar, T, Castel, V, Rosales, M and De Haan, C 2006. Livestock’s long shadow: environmental issues and options. Food & Agriculture Org., Rome, Italy.Google Scholar
’t Mannetje, L 2000. Measuring biomass of grassland vegetation. In Field and laboratory methods for grassland and animal production research (eds. ’t Mannetje, L and Jones, RM), pp. 151–177. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van der Weerden, TJ, Luo, J, de Klein, CAM, Hoogendoorn, CJ, Littlejohn, RP and Rys, GJ 2011. Disaggregating nitrous oxide emission factors for ruminant urine and dung deposited onto pastoral soils. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 141, 426–436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Groenigen, JW, Kuikman, PJ, De Groot, WJM and Velthof, GL 2005. Nitrous oxide emission from urine-treated soil as influenced by urine composition and soil physical conditions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 37, 463–473.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verite, R and Delaby, L 2000. Relation between nutrition, performances and nitrogen excretion in dairy cows. Annales de Zootechnie 49, 217–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Voglmeier, K, Jocher, M, Häni, C and Ammann, C 2018. Ammonia emission measurements of an intensively grazed pasture. Biogeosciences 15, 4593–4608.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wachendorf, C, Lampe, C, Taube, F and Dittert, K 2008. Nitrous oxide emissions and dynamics of soil nitrogen under 15N-labeled cow urine and dung patches on a sandy grassland soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 171, 171–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamulki, S, Jarvis, SC and Owen, P 1998. Nitrous oxide emissions from excreta applied in a simulated grazing pattern. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 30, 491–500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zaman, M, Saggar, S, Blennerhassett, JD and Singh, J 2009. Effect of urease and nitrification inhibitors on N transformation, gaseous emissions of ammonia and nitrous oxide, pasture yield and N uptake in grazed pasture system. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 41, 1270–1280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Almeida et al. supplementary material

Table S1

Download Almeida et al. supplementary material(File)
File 27.6 KB
Supplementary material: File

Almeida et al. supplementary material

Figure S2

Download Almeida et al. supplementary material(File)
File 17.2 KB
Supplementary material: Image

Almeida et al. supplementary material

Figure S1

Download Almeida et al. supplementary material(Image)
Image 2.7 MB