Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T04:24:33.912Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of replacing grass silage with maize silage in the diet on bovine milk fatty acid composition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 December 2008

K. E. Kliem ,
R. Morgan ,
D. J. Humphries ,
K. J. Shingfield  and
D. I. Givens
K. E. Kliem*
Affiliation:
Animal Science Research Group, Department of Agriculture, The University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AR, UK
R. Morgan
Affiliation:
Animal Science Research Group, Department of Agriculture, The University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AR, UK
D. J. Humphries
Affiliation:
Animal Science Research Group, Department of Agriculture, The University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AR, UK
K. J. Shingfield
Affiliation:
MTT Agrifood Research, Animal Production Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
D. I. Givens
Affiliation:
Animal Science Research Group, Department of Agriculture, The University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AR, UK
*
E-mail: k.e.kliem@reading.ac.uk
Get access

Abstract

Even though extensive research has examined the role of nutrition on milk fat composition, there is less information on the impact of forages on milk fatty acid (FA) composition. In the current study, the effect of replacing grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS) as part of a total mixed ration on animal performance and milk FA composition was examined using eight multiparous mid-lactation cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square with 28-day experimental periods. Four treatments comprised the stepwise replacement of GS with MS (0, 160, 334 and 500 g/kg dry matter (DM)) in diets containing a 54 : 46 forage : concentrate ratio on a DM basis. Replacing GS with MS increased (P < 0.001) the DM intake, milk yield and milk protein content. Incremental replacement of GS with MS in the diet enhanced linearly (P < 0.001) the proportions of 6:0–14:0, decreased (P < 0.01) the 16:0 concentrations, but had no effect on the total milk fat saturated fatty acid content. Inclusion of MS altered the distribution of trans-18:1 isomers and enhanced (P < 0.05) total trans monounsaturated fatty acid and total conjugated linoleic acid content. Milk total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content decreased with higher amounts of MS in the diet and n-6 PUFA concentration increased, leading to an elevated n-6 : n-3 PUFA ratio. Despite some beneficial changes associated with the replacement of GS with MS, the overall effects on milk FA composition would not be expected to substantially improve long-term human health. However, the role of forages on milk fat composition must also be balanced against the increases in total milk and protein yield on diets containing higher proportions of MS.

Keywords

foragesmilk fatconjugated linoleic acidtrans fatty acids
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 2 , Issue 12 , December 2008 , pp. 1850 - 1858
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alderman, G 1985. Prediction of the energy value of compound feeds. In Recent advances in animal nutrition (ed. W Haresign and DJA Cole), pp. 3–53. Butterworths, London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, GD, Offer, NW, Givens, DI 1989. Predicting the nutritive value of silage. In Recent advances in animal nutrition – 1989 (ed. W Haresign and DJA Cole), pp. 141–158. Butterworths, London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, MC, Clegg, RA, Travers, MT, Vernon, RG 1997. Lipid metabolism in the lactating mammary gland. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1347, 101–126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blaxter, KL 1962. The energy metabolism of ruminants. Charles C Thomas, Springfield, IL, US.Google Scholar
Brown, VE, Rymer, C, Agnew, RE, Givens, DI 2002. Relationship between in vitro gas production profiles of forages and in vivo rumen fermentation patterns in beef steers fed those forages. Animal Feed Science and Technology 98, 13–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calabrò, S, Williams, BA, Piccolo, V, Infascelli, F, Tamminga, S 2004. A comparison between buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and cow (Bos taurus) rumen fluids in terms of the in vitro fermentation characteristics of three fibrous feedstuffs. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 84, 645–652.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calabrò, S, López, S, Piccolo, V, Dijkstra, J, Dhanoa, MS, France, J 2005. Comparative analysis of gas production profiles obtained with buffalo and sheep ruminal fluid as the source of inoculum. Animal Feed Science and Technology 123/124, 51–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chilliard, Y, Ferlay, A, Doreau, M 2001. Effect of different types of forages, animal fat or marine oils in cow’s diet on milk fat secretion and composition, especially conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Livestock Production Science 70, 31–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chilliard, Y, Glasser, F, Ferlay, A, Bernard, L, Rouel, J, Doreau, M 2007. Diet, rumen biohydrogenation and nutritional quality of cow and goat milk fat. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 109, 828–855.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christie, WW 1982. A simple procedure for rapid transmethylation of glycerolipids and cholesteryl esters. Journal of Lipid Research 23, 1072–1075.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collomb, M, Seiber, R, Bütikofer, U 2004. CLA isomers in milk fat from cows fed diets with high levels of unsaturated fatty acids. Lipids 39, 355–364.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dewhurst, RJ, Shingfield, KJ, Lee, MRF, Scollan, ND 2006. Increasing the concentrations of beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk produced by dairy cows in high-forage systems. Animal Feed Science and Technology 131, 168–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enjalbert, F, Nicot, M-C, Bayourthe, C, Moncoulon, R 1998. Duodenal infusions of palmitic, stearic or oleic acids differently affect mammary gland metabolism of fatty acids in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Nutrition 128, 1525–1532.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferlay, A, Martin, B, Pradel, P, Coulon, JB, Chilliard, Y 2006. Influence of grass-based diets on milk fatty acid composition and milk lipolytic system in Tarentaise and Montbeliarde cow breeds. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 4026–4041.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fievez, V, Vlaeminck, B, Dhanoa, MS, Dewhurst, RJ 2003. Use of principle component analysis to investigate the origin of heptadecenoic and conjugated linoleic acids in milk. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 4047–4053.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Givens, DI, Rulquin, H 2004. Utilisation by ruminants of nitrogen compounds in silage-based diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 114, 1–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Givens, DI, Shingfield, KJ 2006. Optimising dairy milk fatty acid composition. InImproving the fat content of foods (ed. C Williams and J Buttriss), pp. 252–280. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, UK.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Givens, DI, Cottyn, BG, Dewey, PJS, Steg, A 1995. A comparison of the neutral detergent-cellulase method with other laboratory methods for predicting the digestibility in vivo of maize silages from three European countries. Animal Feed Science and Technology 54, 55–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Givens, DI, Cottrill, BR, Davies, M, Lee, PA, Mansbridge, RJ, Moss, AR 2001. Sources of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids additional to fish oil for livestock diets – a review. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, Series B: Livestock Feeds and Feeding 71, 53R–83R.Google Scholar
Harfoot, CG, Hazlewood, GP 1997. Lipid metabolism in the rumen. In The rumen microbial ecosystem, 2nd edition (ed. PN Hobson and CS Stewart), pp. 382–426. Blackie Academic & Professional, London, UK.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hulshof, KFAM, van Erp-Baart, MA, Anttolainen, M, Becker, W, Church, SM, Couet, C, Hermann-Kunz, E, Kesteloot, H, Leth, T, Martins, I, Moreiras, O, Moschandreas, J, Pizzoferato, L, Rimestad, AH, Thorgeirsdottir, H, van Amelsvoort, JMM, Aro, A, Kafatos, AG, Lanzmann-Petitory, D, van Poppel, G 1999. Intake of fatty acids in Western Europe with emphasis on trans fatty acids: The TRANSFAIR study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, 143–157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jouany, J-P, Lassalas, B, Doreau, M, Glasser, F 2007. Dynamic features of the rumen metabolism of linoleic acid, linolenic acid and linseed oil measured in vitro. Lipids 42, 351–360.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kalscheur, KF, Teter, BB, Piperova, LS, Erdman, RA 1997. Effect of dietary forage concentration and buffer addition on duodenal flow of trans-C18:1 fatty acids and milk fat production in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 2104–2114.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kinsella, JE 1972. Stearyl CoA as a precursor of oleic acid and glycerolipids in mammary microsomes from lactating bovine: possible regulatory step in milk triglyceride synthesis. Lipids 7, 349–355.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lock, AL, Shingfield, KJ 2004. Optimising milk composition. In Dairying – using science to meet consumers’ needs. British Society of Animal Science, publication no. 29 (ed. E Kebreab, J Mills and DE Beever), pp. 107–188. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK.Google Scholar
Loor, JJ, Ueda, K, Ferlay, A, Chilliard, Y, Doreau, M 2005. Intestinal flow and digestibility of trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) in dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet supplemented with fish oil, linseed oil or sunflower oil. Animal Feed Science and Technology 119, 203–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food 1986. The analysis of agricultural materials. Reference book 427. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, UK.Google Scholar
Mensink, RP, Zock, PL, Kester, ADM, Katan, MB 2003. Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins:a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 77, 1146–1155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Motard-Bélanger, A, Charest, A, Grenier, G, Paquin, P, Chouinard, Y, Lemieux, S, Couture, P, Lamarche, B 2008. Study of the effects of trans fatty acids from ruminants on blood lipids and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 87, 593–599.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nielsen, TS, Straarup, EM, Vestergaard, M, Sejrsen, K 2006. Effect of silage type and concentrate level on conjugated linoleic acids, trans-C18:1 isomers and fat content in milk from dairy cows. Reproduction, Nutrition, Development 46, 699–712.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O’Mara, FP, Fitzgerald, JJ, Murphy, JJ, Rath, M 1998. The effect on milk production of replacing grass silage with maize silage in the diet of dairy cows. Livestock Production Science 55, 79–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phipps, RH, Sutton, JD, Jones, BA 1995. Forage mixtures for dairy cows: the effect on dry-matter intake and milk production of incorporating either fermented or urea-treated whole-crop wheat, brewer’s grains, fodder beet or maize silage into diets based on grass silage. Animal Science 61, 491–496.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rigout, S, Hurtaud, C, Lemosquet, S, Bach, A, Rulquin, H 2003. Lactational effects of propionic acid and duodenal glucose in cows. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 243–253.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roy, A, Ferlay, A, Shingfield, KJ, Chilliard, Y 2006. Examination of the persistency of milk fatty acid composition responses to plant oils in cows given different basal diets, with particular emphasis on trans-C18:1 fatty acids and isomers of conjugated linoleic acid. Animal Science 82, 479–492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SACN/COT 2004. Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) and Committee on Toxicity (COT), advise on fish consumption: benefits and risks. The Stationery Office (TSO), Norwich, UK.Google Scholar
Shingfield, KJ, Ahvenjärvi, S, Toivonen, V, Ärölä, A, Nurmela, KVV, Huhtanen, P, Griinari, JM 2003. Effect of dietary fish oil on biohydrogenation of fatty acids and milk fatty acid content in cows. Animal Science 77, 165–179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shingfield, KJ, Reynolds, CK, Lupoli, B, Toivonen, V, Yurawecz, MP, Delmonte, P, Griinari, JM, Grandison, AS, Beever, DE 2005. Effect of forage type and proportion of concentrate in the diet on milk fatty acid composition in cows given sunflower oil and fish oil. Animal Science 80, 225–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shingfield, KJ, Reynolds, CK, Hervás, G, Griinari, JM, Grandison, AS, Beever, DE 2006. Examination of the persistency of milk fatty acid responses to fish oil and sunflower oil in the diet of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 714–732.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shingfield, KJ, Chilliard, Y, Toivonen, V, Kairenius, P, Givens, DI 2008. Trans fatty acids and bioactive lipids in ruminant milk. In Bioactive components of milk, advances in experimental medicine and biology, vol. 606 (ed. Z Bösze), pp. 3–66. Springer, New York, NY.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simopoulos, AP 2002. The importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy 56, 365–379.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Souza, PFA, Williamson, DH 1993. Effects of feeding medium-chain triacylglycerols on maternal lipid metabolism and pup growth in lactating rats. British Journal of Nutrition 69, 779–787.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sukhija, PS, Palmquist, DL 1988. Rapid method for determination of total fatty acid content and composition of feedstuffs and feces. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 36, 1202–1206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sveinbjörnsson, J, Murphy, M, Udén, P 2006. Effect of the proportions of neutral detergent fibre and starch, and their degradation rates, on in vitro ruminal fermentation. Animal Feed Science and Technology 130, 172–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vessby, B, Uusitupa, M, Hermansen, K, Riccardi, G, Rivallese, AA, Tapsell, LC, Nalsen, C, Berglund, L, Louheranta, A, Rassmussen, BM, Calvert, GD, Maffetone, A, Pederson, E, Gustafsson, I-B, Storlien, LH 2001. Substituting dietary saturated for monounsaturated fat impairs insulin sensitivity in healthy men and women. Diabetologia 44, 312–319.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vlaeminck, B, Fievez, V, Cabrita, ARJ, Fonseca, AJM, Dewhurst, RJ 2006. Factors affecting odd- and branched-chain fatty acids in milk: a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology 131, 389–417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WHO/FAO 2003. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. Report of a Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation. WHO, Geneva, CH.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, JM, Wadephul, F, Hill, J 1996. Silages in Europe: a survey of 33 countries. Chalcombe Publications, Lincoln, UK.Google Scholar
Williams, CM 2000. Dietary fatty acids and human health. Annales de Zootechnie 49, 165–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar