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Genome sequencing of rumen bacteria and archaea and its application to methane mitigation strategies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 June 2013

S. C. Leahy ,
W. J. Kelly ,
R. S. Ronimus ,
N. Wedlock ,
E. Altermann  and
G. T. Attwood
S. C. Leahy*
Affiliation:
AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand New Zealand Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
W. J. Kelly
Affiliation:
AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
R. S. Ronimus
Affiliation:
AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand New Zealand Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
N. Wedlock
Affiliation:
New Zealand Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
E. Altermann
Affiliation:
AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
G. T. Attwood
Affiliation:
AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand New Zealand Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
*
†E-mail: Sinead.Leahy@agresearch.co.nz
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Abstract

Ruminant-derived methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas, is a consequence of microbial fermentation in the digestive tract of livestock. Development of mitigation strategies to reduce CH4 emissions from farmed animals is currently the subject of both scientific and environmental interest. Methanogens are the sole producers of ruminant CH4, and therefore CH4 abatement strategies can either target the methanogens themselves or target the other members of the rumen microbial community that produce substrates necessary for methanogenesis. Understanding the relationship that methanogens have with other rumen microbes is crucial when considering CH4 mitigation strategies for ruminant livestock. Genome sequencing of rumen microbes is an important tool to improve our knowledge of the processes that underpin those relationships. Currently, several rumen bacterial and archaeal genome projects are either complete or underway. Genome sequencing is providing information directly applicable to CH4 mitigation strategies based on vaccine and small molecule inhibitor approaches. In addition, genome sequencing is contributing information relevant to other CH4 mitigation strategies. These include the selection and breeding of low CH4-emitting animals through the interpretation of large-scale DNA and RNA sequencing studies and the modification of other microbial groups within the rumen, thereby changing the dynamics of microbial fermentation.

Keywords

genome sequencingmethane mitigationmethanogensrumen bacteria
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 7 , Issue s2: Greenhouse Gases & Animal Agriculture Conference (GGAA 2013), 23rd ‐ 26th June 2013, Dublin, Ireland , June 2013 , pp. 235 - 243
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2013 

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Footnotes

*

Contributed equally to this review.

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