Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T14:36:06.787Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Growth and development of offspring following supplementation of sow diets with oil during mid to late gestation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 November 2007

J. Laws ,
A. Laws ,
I. J. Lean ,
P. F. Dodds  and
L. Clarke
J. Laws
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Sciences, Imperial College London, Wye TN25 5AH, UK
A. Laws
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Sciences, Imperial College London, Wye TN25 5AH, UK
I. J. Lean
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Sciences, Imperial College London, Wye TN25 5AH, UK
P. F. Dodds
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Sciences, Imperial College London, Wye TN25 5AH, UK
L. Clarke*
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Sciences, Imperial College London, Wye TN25 5AH, UK
*
E-mail: lynne.clark@imperial.ac.uk
Get access

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the consequences of altering the fatty acid profile of sow diets during mid-to-late gestation; oils of different fatty acid composition were chosen as energy supplements to provide diets with different fatty acid profiles. Forty-eight multiparous sows were used to evaluate the effects of fat supplementation from day 60 of gestation until parturition. Sows were allocated to either 3 kg/day of commercial sow pellets (control; C) or an experimental diet consisting of 3 kg/day of commercial sow pellets supplemented with 10% extra energy in the form of excess pellets (E), palm oil (P), olive oil (O), sunflower oil (S) or fish oil (F). From days 0 to 60 of gestation, all sows were given 3 kg/day of sow pellets as for the C group. The E diet resulted in the heaviest piglets at birth whereas the offspring of O and S sows were the lightest at birth. The offspring of S sows remained lighter throughout the pre-weaning period, and were also the leanest by 14 days of age. In contrast, pigs born to S sows possessed more fat by the time they reached commercial end point (≈140 days of age). In conclusion, altering the fatty acid profile of the sow diet during the second half of gestation has long-term consequences for the development of their offspring.

Keywords

growthoilpiglets weight gain
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 1 , Issue 10 , November 2007 , pp. 1490 - 1496
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Averette, LA, Odle, J, Monaco, MH, Donovan, SM 1999. Dietary fat during pregnancy and lactation increases milk fat and insulin-like growth factor I concentrations and improves neonatal growth rates in swine. Journal of Nutrition 129, 2123–2129.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Averette Gatlin, L, Odl, J, Soede, J, Hansen, JA 2002. Dietary medium- or long-chain triglycerides improve body condition of lean genotype sows and increase suckling pig growth. Journal of Animal Science 80, 38–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Azain, MJ 1993. Effects of adding medium-chain triglycerides to sow diets during late gestation and early lactation on litter performance. Journal of Animal Science 71, 3011–3019.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boyd, RD, Moser, BD, Jr.Peo, ER, Cunningham, PJ 1978. Effect of energy source prior to parturition and during lactation on tissue lipid, liver glycogen and plasma levels of some metabolites in the newborn pig. Journal of Animal Science 47, 875–882.Google ScholarPubMed
Boyd, RD, Moser, BD, Lewis, AJ, Jr.Peo, ER, Johnson, RK, Nimmo, RD 1981. Effect of maternal dietary energy source on glucose homeostasis, liver glycogen and carcass lipid in the neonatal pig. Journal of Animal Science 53, 1316–1324.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clarke, L, Martin, G, Litten, JC, Corson, AM, Lean, IJ, Dodds, PF 2001. A preliminary investigation into the effects of a dietary fat supplement during late gestation on maternal milk fat composition and piglet growth performance. In Early mammalian regulation (ed. K Sinclair), BSAS Occasional Publication, London, 2001.Google Scholar
Close, WH, Noblet, J, Heavens, RP 1985. Studies on the energy metabolism of the pregnant sow 2. The partition and utilisation of metabolisable energy intake in pregnant and non-pregnant animals. The British Journal of Nutrition 53, 267–279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coffey, MT, Seerly, RW, Mabry, JW 1982. The effect of source of supplemental dietary energy on sow milk yield, milk composition and litter performance. Journal of Animal Science 55, 1389–1394.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cordoba R, Pkiyach S, Rooke JA, Edwards SA, Penny PC and Pike I 2000. The effect of feeding salmon oil during pregnancy on causes of piglet deaths prior to weaning. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science, p. 105 (abstr.).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cromwell, GL, Hall, DD, Clawson, AJ, Combs, GE, Knabe, DA, Maxwell, CV, Noland, PR, Jr.Orr, DE, Prince, TJ 1989. Effects of additional feed during late gestation on reproductive performance of sows: a cooperative study. Journal of Animal Science 67, 3–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DEFRA 2003. Code of Recommendations for the Welfare of Livestock [online]. Retrieved February 14, 2005, from http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/welfare/farmed/pigs/pigcode.pdf).Google Scholar
Dwyer, CM, Fletcher, JM, Stickland, NC 1993. Muscle cellularity and postnatal growth in the pig. Journal of Animal Science 71, 3339–3343.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dwyer, CM, Stickland, NC, Fletcher, JM 1994. The influence of maternal nutrition on muscle fibre number development in the porcine fetus and on subsequent postnatal growth. Journal of Animal Science 72, 911–917.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Innis, SM 1991. Essential fatty acids in growth and development. Progress in Lipid Research 30, 39–103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jean, K, Chiang, S 1999. Increased survival of neonatal pigs by supplementing medium-chain triglycerides in late gestating sow diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 76, 241–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Libal, GW, Wahlstrom, RC 1977. Effect of gestation metabolizable energy levels on sow productivity. Journal of Animal Science 42, 286–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manners, MJ, McCrea, MR 1963. Changes in the chemical composition of sow reared piglets during the first month of life. The British Journal of Nutrition 17, 495–513.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Research Council 1998. Nutrient requirements of swine, 10th revised edition. National Academy Press, Washington, pp. 1–189.Google Scholar
Powell, SE, Aberle, ED 1980. Effects of birth weight on growth and carcass composition of swine. Journal of Animal Science 50, 860–868.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ritacco, B, Radecki, SV, Schoknecht, PA 1997. Compensatory growth in runt pigs is not mediated by insulin-like growth factor I. Journal of Animal Science 75, 1237–1243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rooke, JA, Shanks, M, Edwards, SA 2000. Effect of offering maize, linseed or tuna oils throughout pregnancy and lactation on sow and piglet tissue composition and piglet performance. Animal Science 71, 289–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rooke, JA, Sinclair, AG, Edwards, SA 2001a. Feeding tuna oil to the sow at different times during pregnancy has different effects on piglet long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid composition at birth and subsequent growth. The British Journal of Nutrition 86, 21–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rooke, JA, Sinclair, AG, Edwards, SA, Cordoba, R, Pkiyach, S, Penny, PC, Penny, P, Finch, AM, Horgan, GW 2001b. The effect of feeding salmon oil to sows throughout pregnancy on pre-weaning mortality of piglets. Animal Science 73, 489–500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seerley, RW 1989. Survival and postweaning performance of pigs from sows fed fat during late gestation and lactation. Journal of Animal Science 67, 1889–1894.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seerley, RW, Pace, TA, Foley, CW, Scarth, RD 1974. Effect of energy intake prior to parturition on milk lipids and survival rate, thermostability and carcass composition of piglets. Journal of Animal Science 38, 64–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shurson, GC, Hogberg, MG, DeFever, N, Radecki, SV, Miller, ER 1986. Effects of adding fat to the sow lactation diet on lactation and rebreeding performance. Journal of Animal Science 62, 672–680.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whittemore, CT 1998. The science and practice of pig production, second edition. Blackwell Science, Oxford.Google Scholar
Whittemore, CT, Hazzeldine, MJ, Close, WH 2003. Nutrient requirement standards for pigs. A report of the British Society of Animal Science nutritional standards working group: pigs. Pig News and Information 23, 67N–74N.Google Scholar
Wladyslaw, M 1991. Chemical composition of colostrum and milk in sows fed diets supplemented with animal fat. Review of Animal Production 26, 11–15.7.Google Scholar