Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-11T04:40:26.211Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Black soldier fly defatted meal as a dietary protein source for broiler chickens: effects on carcass traits, breast meat quality and safety

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 May 2019

A. Schiavone Open the ORCID record for A. Schiavone [Opens in a new window] ,
S. Dabbou Open the ORCID record for S. Dabbou [Opens in a new window] ,
M. Petracci Open the ORCID record for M. Petracci [Opens in a new window] ,
M. Zampiga Open the ORCID record for M. Zampiga [Opens in a new window] ,
F. Sirri Open the ORCID record for F. Sirri [Opens in a new window] ,
I. Biasato Open the ORCID record for I. Biasato [Opens in a new window] ,
F. Gai Open the ORCID record for F. Gai [Opens in a new window]  and
L. Gasco Open the ORCID record for L. Gasco [Opens in a new window]
A. Schiavone*
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
S. Dabbou
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
M. Petracci
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Via del Florio 2, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Bologna, Italy
M. Zampiga
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Via del Florio 2, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Bologna, Italy
F. Sirri
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Via del Florio 2, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Bologna, Italy
I. Biasato
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
F. Gai
Affiliation:
Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
L. Gasco
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
*
†E-mail: achille.schiavone@unito.it
Get access

Abstract

Finding insect meals as alternative sources of poultry feedstuffs is a recent research topic; therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L., HI) larvae meal in broiler chicken diets on the carcass characteristics and meat quality parameters, proximate composition, fatty acid profile and the heavy metal content of the breast meat. Four dietary treatments were designed: a control diet (HI0) and three experimental diets (HI5, HI10 and HI15), corresponding to 50, 100 and 150 g/kg HI inclusion levels, respectively. The inclusion of 50, 100 and 150 g HI meal per kg feed supply 16.56%, 33.01% and 49.63% of required crude protein. The broilers were slaughtered at day 35, the carcasses were weighed and the breast muscles were excised from 16 birds per each feeding group (two birds per replicate pens) and used for meat quality evaluation. Linear and quadratic responses were observed, for increasing HI meal levels, in the live and carcass weights (maximum for HI10). As far as the colour of the breast meat is concerned, redness (a*) showed a linear response, while yellowness (b*) linearly decreased with increasing HI meal levels (minimum for HI15). As the HI larvae meal increased in the diets, the moisture content linearly decreased and the protein content increased. The total saturated fatty acid and total monounsaturated fatty acid proportions rose to the detriment of the polyunsaturated fatty acid fraction. The HI larvae meal, used in the current study, represents a valuable protein source for broiler chickens when included by up to 100 g/kg in their diets, as an improved slaughtering performance was observed without any detrimental effects on meat quality parameters or heavy metal residues in the meat.

Keywords

Hermetia illucensbroiler chickensfatty acidsinsect mealheavy metals
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 13 , Issue 10 , October 2019 , pp. 2397 - 2405
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Altmann, BA, Neumann, C, Velten, S, Liebert, F and Mörlein, D 2018. Meat quality derived from high inclusion of a micro-alga or insect meal as an alternative protein source in poultry diets: a pilot study. Foods 7, 1–15. doi: 10.3390/foods7030034.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990. Official methods of analysis, 15th edition. AOAC, Arlington, VA, USA.Google Scholar
Belluco, S, Losasso, C, Maggioletti, M, Alonzi, CC, Paoletti, MG and Ricci, A 2013. Edible insects in a food safety and nutritional perspective: a critical review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 12, 296–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biancarosa, I, Liland, NS, Biemans, D, Araujo, P, Bruckner, CG, Waagbø, R, Torstensen, BE, Lock, EJ and Amlund, H 2018. Uptake of heavy metals and arsenic in black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae grown on seaweed-enriched media. Journal of the Science of Food and Agricultural 98, 2176–2183.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Biasato, I, Gasco, L, De Marco, M, Renna, M, Rotolo, L, Dabbou, S, Capucchio, MT, Biasibetti, E, Tarantola, M, Bianchi, C, Cavallarin, L, Gai, F, Pozzo, L, Dezzutto, D, Bergagna, S and Schiavone, A 2017. Effects of yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor) inclusion in diets for female broiler chickens: implications for animal health and gut histology. Animal Feed Science and Technology 234, 253–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biasato, I, Gasco, L, De Marco, M, Renna, M, Rotolo, L, Dabbou, S, Capucchio, MT, Biasibetti, E, Tarantola, M, Sterpone, L, Cavallarin, L, Gai, F, Pozzo, L, Bergagna, S, Dezzutto, D, Zoccarato, I and Schiavone, A 2018. Yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor) inclusion in diets for male broiler chickens: effects on growth performance, gut morphology and histological findings. Poultry Science 97, 540–548.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boccazzi, IV, Ottoboni, M, Martin, E, Comandatore, F, Vallone, L, Spraghers, T, Eechkout, M, Mereghetti, V, Pinotti, L and Epis, S 2017. A survey of the mycobiota associated with larvae of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) reared for feed production. PLoS One 12, 1–15. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182533.Google Scholar
Bovera, F, Loponte, R, Marono, S, Piccolo, G, Parisi, G, Iaconisi, V, Gasco, L and Nizza, A 2016. Use of Tenebrio molitor larvae meal as protein source in broiler diet: Effect on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass and meat traits. Journal of Animal Science 94, 639–647.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cullere, M, Tasoniero, G, Giaccone, V, Acuti, G, Marangon, A and Dalle Zotte, A 2018. Black soldier fly as dietary protein source for broiler quails: meat proximate composition, fatty acid and amino acid profile, oxidative status and sensory traits. Animal 12, 640–647.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cullere, M, Tasoniero, G, Giaccone, V, Miotti-Scapin, R, Claeys, E, De Smet, S and Dalle Zotte, A 2016. Black soldier fly as dietary protein source for broiler quails: apparent digestibility, excreta microbial load, feed choice, performance, carcass and meat traits. Animal 10, 1923–1930.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dabbou, S, Gai, F, Biasato, I, Capucchio, MT, Biasibetti, E, Dezzutto, D, Meneguz, M, Plachà, I, Gasco, L and Schiavone, A 2018. Black soldier fly defatted meal as a dietary protein source for broiler chickens: effects on growth performance, blood traits gut morphology and histological features. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 9, 1–10. doi: 10.1186/s40104-018-0266-9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
European Commission (EC) 2002. Council Directive (EC) 2002/32/EC of 7 May 2002 on undesirable substances in animal feed. Official Journal of the European Communities L140, 10–21.Google Scholar
European Commission (EC) 2006. Council Directive (EC) 2006/1881/EC of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Communities L364, 5–24.Google Scholar
Folch, J, Lees, M and Sloane Stanley, H 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry 226, 479–509.Google ScholarPubMed
Klasing, KC 2000. Lipids. In Comparative avian nutrition. (ed. Klasing, KC). pp. 171–173. CAB International, Oxon, UK.Google Scholar
Leiber, F, Gelencsér, T, Stamer, A, Amsler, Z, Wohlfahrt, J, Früh, B and Maurer, V 2017. Insect and legume-based protein sources to replace soybean cake in an organic broiler diet: effects on growth performance and physical meat quality. Renewable Agricultural and Food Systems 32, 21–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loponte, R, Nizza, S, Bovera, F, De Riu, N, Fliegerova, K, Lombardi, P, Vassalotti, G, Mastellone, V, Nizza, A and Moniello, G 2017. Growth performance, blood profiles and carcass traits of Barbary partridge (Alectoris barbara) fed two different insect larvae meals (Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens). Research in Veterinary Science 115, 183–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Makkar, HPS, Tran, G, Heuzé, V and Ankers, P 2014. State of the art on use of insects as animal feed. Animal Feed Science and Technology 197, 1–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maurer, V, Holinger, M, Amsler, Z, Früh, B, Wohlfahrt, J, Stamer, A and Leiber, F 2016. Replacement of soybean cake by Hermetia illucens meal in diets for layers. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 2, 89–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meneguz, M, Schiavone, A, Gai, F, Dama, A, Lussiana, C, Renna, M and Gasco, L 2018. Effect of rearing substrate on growth performance, waste reduction efficiency and chemical composition of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae. Journal of the Science of Food and Agricultural 98, 5776–5784.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ottoboni, M, Spranghers, T, Pinotti, L, Baldi, A, De Jaeghere, W and Eeckhout, M 2018. Inclusion of Hermetia Illucens larvae or prepupae in an experimental extruded feed: process optimisation and impact on in vitro digestibility. Italian Journal of Animal Science 17, 418–427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pieterse, E, Erasmus, SW, Uushona, T and Hoffman, LC 2019. Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) pre-pupae meal as a dietary protein source for broiler production ensures a tasty chicken with standard meat quality for every pot. Journal of the Science of Food and Agricultural 99, 893–903.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pieterse, E, Pretorius, Q, Hoffman, LC and Drew, DW 2014. The carcass quality, meat quality and sensory characteristics of broilers raised on diets containing either Musca domestica larvae meal, fish meal or soya bean meal as the main protein source. Animal Production Science 54, 622–628.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Purschke, B, Scheibelberger, R, Axmann, S, Adler, A and Jäger, H 2017. Impact of substrate contamination with mycotoxins, heavy metals and pesticides on the growth performance and composition of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) for use in the feed and food value chain. Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment 34, 1410–1420.Google ScholarPubMed
Renna, M, Gasmi-Boubaker, A, Lussiana, C, Battaglini, LM, Belfayez, K and Fortina, R 2014. Fatty acid composition of the seed oils of selected Vicia L. taxa from Tunisia. Italian Journal of Animal Science 13, 308–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Renna, M, Schiavone, A, Gai, F, Dabbou, S, Lussiana, C, Malfatto, V, Prearo, M, Capucchio, MT, Biasato, I, Biasibetti, E, De Marco, M, Brugiapaglia, A, Zoccarato, I and Gasco, L 2017. Evaluation of the suitability of a partially defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae meal as ingredient for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) diets. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 8, 957–969.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rymer, C and Givens, DI 2005. n-3 Fatty acid enrichment of edible tissue of poultry: a review. Lipids 40, 121–130.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sauvant, D, Perez, JM and Tran, G 2004. Tables of composition and nutritional value of feed materials: pigs, poultry, cattle, sheep, goats, rabbits, horses and fish. Wageningen Academic Publishers INRA Editions, France.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schiavone, A, Chiarini, R, Marzoni, M, Castillo, A, Tassone, S and Romboli, I 2007. Breast meat traits of Muscovy ducks fed on a microalga (Crypthecodinium cohnii) meal supplemented diet. British Poultry Science 48, 573–579.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schiavone, A, Cullere, M, De Marco, M, Meneguz, M, Biasato, I, Bergagna, S, Dezzutto, D, Gai, F, Dabbou, S, Gasco, L and Dalle Zotte, A 2017a. Partial or total replacement of soybean oil by black soldier larvae (Hermetia illucens L.) fat in broiler diets: effect on growth performances, feed-choice, blood traits, carcass characteristics and meat quality. Italian Journal of Animal Science 16, 93–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schiavone, A, Dabbou, S, De Marco, M, Cullere, M, Biasato, I, Biasibetti, E, Capucchio, MT, Bergagna, S, Dezzutto, D, Meneguz, M, Gai, F, Dalle Zotte, A and Gasco, L 2018. Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larva fat inclusion in finisher broiler chicken diet as an alternative fat source. Animal 12, 2032–2039.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schiavone, A, De Marco, M, Martínez, S, Dabbou, S, Renna, M, Madrid, J, Hernandez, F, Rotolo, L, Costa, P, Gai, F and Gasco, L 2017b. Nutritional value of a partially defatted and a highly defatted black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L.) meal for broiler chickens: apparent nutrient digestibility, apparent metabolizable energy and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 8, 897–905.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schiavone, A, Marzoni, M, Castillo, A, Nery, J and Romboli, I 2010. Dietary lipid sources and vitamin E affect fatty acid composition or lipid stability of breast meat from Muscovy duck. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 90, 371–378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spranghers, T, Ottoboni, M, Klootwijk, C, Ovyn, A, Deboosere, S, De Meulenaer, B, Michielis, J, Eeckhout, M, De Clercq, P and De Smet, S 2017. Nutritional composition of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) prepupae reared on different organic waste substrates. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 97, 2594–2600.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van der Fels-Klerx, HJ, Camenzuli, L, van der Lee, MK and Oonincx, DG 2016. Uptake of cadmium, lead and arsenic by Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens from contaminated substrates. PLoS One 11, 1–13. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zheng, L, Hou, Y, Li, W, Yang, S, Li, Q and Yu, Z 2013. Exploring the potential of grease from yellow mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor) as a novel biodiesel feedstock. Applied Energy 101, 618–621.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Schiavone et al. supplementary material

Schiavone et al. supplementary material 1

Download Schiavone et al. supplementary material(File)
File 37.4 KB