Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T13:46:12.942Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effect of equol injection in ovo on lipid metabolism and hepatic lipogenic gene expression in broilers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 March 2012

Y. D. Ni ,
X. J. Wei ,
C. X. Zhang ,
Y. Zhong ,
L. Z. Lu ,
R. Grossmann  and
R. Q. Zhao
Y. D. Ni*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
X. J. Wei
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
C. X. Zhang
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
Y. Zhong
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
L. Z. Lu
Affiliation:
Animal Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
R. Grossmann
Affiliation:
Department of Functional Genomics & Bioregulation, Institute of Animal Science Mariensee, 31535 Neustadt, Germany
R. Q. Zhao
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
*
†E-mail: niyingdong@njau.edu.cn
Get access

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of in ovo administration of equol (Eq) on post-hatch growth and hepatic lipid metabolism in broiler chickens. Fertilized eggs (146 eggs/group) were injected with 0 μg (control, Con), 20 μg (low dose, L) and 100 μg (high dose, H) Eq in the albumen on the 7th day of incubation. Except a trend increase in the weight of total fat (P = 0.09), Eq had no effect on growth or liver weight in broilers at 49 days of age. Males presented higher liver and BWs and lower total fat and relative liver weights than females (P < 0.01). However, there were no significant effects of Eq or Eq–gender interactions on growth performance or tissues weight (P > 0.05). With respect to lipid parameters in the serum, the results showed that female broilers presented higher triacyglycerol (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations than males, whereas there was no gender difference in serum total cholesterol (TC) or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) concentration (P > 0.05). Eq administration significantly decreased serum TG and TC but increased HDLC concentrations in serum of broilers at 49 days of age (P < 0.05), whereas there were no interactions between gender and Eq (P > 0.05). To elucidate the mechanism behind the significant changes of serum TG and TC levels, the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in the liver was investigated in female chickens using reverse transcription-PCR. Carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (CPTI) messenger RNA (mRNA) was significantly upregulated by 20 and 100 μg Eq (P < 0.05). High-dose Eq significantly decreased fatty acid synthase (FAS) and enhanced cholesterol-7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) mRNA levels in the liver (P < 0.05). Eq had no significant effects on acetyl-CoA carboxylase, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, malic enzyme, low-density lipoprotein receptor or 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase mRNA in the liver (P > 0.05). These results in female broilers suggest that Eq decreased blood TG by upregulating CPTI and downregulating FAS mRNA expression in the liver, and that high serum cholesterol levels stimulated CYP7A1 gene transcription in the liver.

Keywords

equolin ovo injectionlipid metabolismliverbroiler
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 6 , Issue 9 , September 2012 , pp. 1444 - 1450
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akahoshi, A, Koba, K, Ichinose, F, Kaneko, M, Shimoda, A, Nonaka, K, Yamasaki, M, Iwata, T, Yamauchi, Y, Tsutsumi, K, Sugano, M 2004. Dietary protein modulates the effect of CLA on lipid metabolism in rats. Lipids 39, 25–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, JW, Fuller, J, Patterson, K, Blair, R, Tabor, A 2007. Soy compared to casein meal replacement shakes with energy-restricted diets for obese women: randomized controlled trial. Metabolism 56, 280–288.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ascencio, C, Torres, N, Isoard-Acosta, F, Gómez-Pérez, FJ, Hernández-Pando, R, Tovar, AR 2004. Soy protein affects serum insulin and hepatic SREBP-1 mRNA and reduces fatty liver in rats. Journal of Nutrition 134, 522–529.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Back, DW, Goldman, MJ, Fisch, JE, Ochs, RS, Goodridge, AG 1986. The fatty acid synthase gene in avian liver: two mRNA are expressed and regulated in parallel by feeding, primarily at the level of transcription. Journal of Biology and Chemistry 261, 4190–4197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Banz, WJ, Davis, J, Peterson, R, Iqbal, MJ 2004. Gene expression and adiposity are modified by soy protein in male Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Obesity Research 12, 1907–1913.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bhathena, SJ, Velasquez, MT 2002. Beneficial role of dietary phytoestrogens in obesity and diabetes. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 76, 1191–1201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blair, RM, Appt, SE, netau-Pelissero, C, Clarkson, TB, Anthony, MS, Lamothe, V, Potter, SM 2002. Dietary soy and soy isoflavones have gender-specific effects on plasma lipids and isoflavones in golden Syrian F1B hybrid hamsters. Journal of Nutrition 132, 3585–3591.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cassidy, A 2003. Potential risks and benefits of phytoestrogen-rich diets. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 73, 120–126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cederroth, CR, Vinciguerra, M, Kühne, F, Madani, R, Doerge, DR, Visser, TJ, Foti, M, Rohner-Jeanrenaud, F, Vassalli, JD, Nef, S 2007. A phytoestrogen-rich diet increases energy expenditure and decreases adiposity in mice. Environmental Health Perspectives 115, 1467–1473.Google Scholar
Goldstein, JL, Brown, MS 2009. History of discovery: the LDL receptor. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology 29, 431–438.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haffner, SM, Valdez, RA 1995. Endogenous sex hormones: impact on lipids, lipoproteins, and insulin. The American Journal of Medicine 16, 40–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hermier, D, Forgez, P, Williams, J, Chapman, MJ 1989. Alterations in plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins associated with estrogen-induced hyperlipidemia in the laying hen. European Journal of Biochemistry 184, 109–118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hwang, CS, Kwak, HS, Lim, HJ, Lee, SH, Kang, YS, Choe, TB, Hur, HG, Han, KO 2006. Isoflavone metabolites and their in vitro dual functions: they can act as an estrogenic agonist or antagonist depending on the estrogen concentration. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 101, 246–253.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iritani, N, Hosomi, H, Fukuda, H, Tada, K, Ikeda, H 1996. Soybean protein suppresses hepatic lipogenic enzyme gene expression in Wistar fatty rats. Journal of Nutrition 126, 380–388.Google Scholar
Iritani, N, Nagashima, K, Fukuda, H, Katsurada, A, Tanaka, T 1986. Effects of dietary proteins on lipogenic enzymes in rat liver. Journal of Nutrition 116, 190–197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kishida, T, Mizushige, T, Nagamoto, M, Ohtsu, Y, Izumi, T, Obata, A, Ebihara, K 2006. Lowering effect of an isoflavone-rich fermented soybean extract on the serum cholesterol concentrations in female rats, with or without ovariectomy, but not in male rats. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 70, 1547–1556.Google Scholar
Livak, KJ, Schmittgen, TD 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2 (-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods 25, 402–408.Google Scholar
Matthies, A, Clavel, T, Gütschow, M, Engst, W, Haller, D, Blaut, M, Braune, A 2008. Conversion of daidzein and genistein by an anaerobic bacterium newly isolated from the mouse intestine. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, 4847–4852.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mezei, O, Li, Y, Mullen, E, Ross-Viola, JS, Shay, NF 2006. Dietary isoflavone supplementation modulates lipid metabolism via PPAR alpha-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Physiological Genomics 26, 8–14.Google Scholar
Morifuji, M, Sanbongi, C, Sugiura, K 2006. Dietary soya protein intake and exercise training have an additive effect on skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation enzyme activities and mRNA levels in rats. British Journal of Nutrition 96, 469–475.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Hea, EK, Leveille, GA 1969. Lipogenesis in isolated adipose tissue of domestic chick (Gallus domesticus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 26, 111–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ørgaard, A, Jensen, L 2008. The effects of soy isoflavones on obesity. Experimental Biology and Medicine 233, 1066–1080.Google Scholar
Park, JR, Cho, BH 1990. Effects of estrogen on very-low-density lipoprotein triacylglycerol metabolism in chicks. Biochemica et Biophysica Acta 1045, 180–186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Price, KR, Fenwick, GR 1985. Naturally occurring oestrogens in foods: a review. Food Additives and Contaminants 2, 73–106.Google Scholar
Saitoh, S, Sato, T, Harada, H, Takita, T 2001. Transfer of soy isoflavone into the egg yolk of chickens. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 65, 2220–2225.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saitoh, S, Sato, T, Harada, H, Matsuda, T 2004. Biotransformation of soy isoflavone glycosides in laying hens: intestinal absorption and preferential accumulation into egg yolk of equol, a more estrogenic metabolite of daidzein. Biochemica et Biophysica Acta 1674, 122–130.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sato, K, Ohuchi, A, Sook, SH, Toyomizu, M, Akiba, Y 2003. Changes in mRNA expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase in chickens. Biochemica et Biophysica Acta 1630, 96–102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Setchell, KR 2001. Soy isoflavones – benefits and risks from nature's selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). Journal of the American College of Nutrition 20, 354–362.Google Scholar
Spady, DK, Cuthbert, JA, Willard, MN, Meidell, RS 1998. Overexpression of cholesterol 7-hydroxylase (CYP7A) in mice lacking the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 273, 126–132.Google Scholar
Stoeckman, AK, Towle, HC 2002. The role of SREBP-1c in nutritional regulation of lipogenic enzyme gene expression. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 277, 27029–27035.Google Scholar
Takahashi, Y, Odbaya, T, Ide, T 2009. A Comparative analysis of genistein and daidzein in affecting lipid metabolism in rat liver. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition 44, 223–230.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Torres, N, Villalvazo, IT, Tovar, AR 2006. Regulation of lipid metabolism by soy protein and its implication in diseases mediated by lipid disorders. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 17, 365–373.Google Scholar
Tovar, AR, Torre-Villalvazo, I, Ochoa, M, Elias, AL, Ortiz, V, Aguilar-Salinas, CA, Torres, N 2005. Soy protein reduces hepatic lipotoxicity in hyperinsulinemic obese Zucker fa/fa rats. Journal of Lipid Research 46, 1823–1832.Google Scholar
Watson, TDG, Butterwick, RF, McConnell, M, Markwell, PJ 1995. Development of method for analyzing plasma lipoprotein concentrations and associated enzyme activities and their use to measure the effects of pregnancy and lactation in cat. American Journal of Veterinary Research 56, 289–296.Google Scholar
Wei, XJ, Ni, YD, Lu, LZ, Grossmann, R, Zhao, RQ 2011. The effect of equol injection in ovo on posthatch growth, meat quality and antioxidation in broilers. Animal 5, 320–327.Google Scholar
Xu, ZR, Wang, MQ, Mao, HX, Zhan, XA, Hu, CH 2003. Effects of l-carnitine on growth performance, carcass composition, and metabolism of lipids in male broilers. Poultry Science 82, 408–413.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yeung, J, Yu, TF 2003. Effects of isoflavones (soy phyto-estrogens) on serum lipids: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Nutrition 19, 2–15.Google Scholar
Yilmaz, O, Guvenc, M, Cetintas, B, Tuzcu, M, Dayangac, A, Sahin, K 2008. Effects of isoflavones supplementation on cholesterol and fatty acid levels of muscle and liver tissues of quail. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 7, 1444–1449.Google Scholar
Yin, L, Zhang, Y, Hillgartner, FB 2002. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 interacts with the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor to enhance acetyl-CoA carboxylase-alpha transcription in hepatocytes. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 277, 19554–19565.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zammit, VA 1999. Carnitine acyltransferases: functional significance of subcellular distribution and membrane topology. Progress in Lipid Research 38, 199–224.Google Scholar