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Effect of supplementing coconut or krabok oil, rich in medium-chain fatty acids on ruminal fermentation, protozoa and archaeal population of bulls

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 November 2013

P. Panyakaew ,
N. Boon ,
G. Goel ,
C. Yuangklang ,
J. Th. Schonewille ,
W. H. Hendriks  and
V. Fievez
P. Panyakaew
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakon-Nakhon Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47160Thailand Department of Animal Production, Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality (Lanupro), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Proefhoevestraat 10, 9090 Melle, Belgium
N. Boon
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
G. Goel
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Production, Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality (Lanupro), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Proefhoevestraat 10, 9090 Melle, Belgium Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, India
C. Yuangklang
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakon-Nakhon Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47160Thailand
J. Th. Schonewille
Affiliation:
Department of Farm Animal Health, Animal Nutrition Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
W. H. Hendriks
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands Department of Farm Animal Health, Animal Nutrition Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
V. Fievez*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Production, Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality (Lanupro), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Proefhoevestraat 10, 9090 Melle, Belgium
*
†E-mail: Veerle.Fievez@Ugent.be
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Abstract

Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), for example, capric acid (C10:0), myristic (C14:0) and lauric (C12:0) acid, have been suggested to decrease rumen archaeal abundance and protozoal numbers. This study aimed to compare the effect of MCFA, either supplied through krabok (KO) or coconut (CO) oil, on rumen fermentation, protozoal counts and archaeal abundance, as well as their diversity and functional organization. KO contains similar amounts of C12:0 as CO (420 and 458 g/kg FA, respectively), but has a higher proportion of C14:0 (464 v. 205 g/kg FA, respectively). Treatments contained 35 g supplemental fat per kg DM: a control diet with tallow (T); a diet with supplemental CO; and a diet with supplemental KO. A 4th treatment consisted of a diet with similar amounts of MCFA (i.e. C10:0+C12:0+C14:0) from CO and KO. To ensure isolipidic diets, extra tallow was supplied in the latter treatment (KO+T). Eight fistulated bulls (two bulls per treatment), fed a total mixed ration predominantly based on cassava chips, rice straw, tomato pomace, rice bran and soybean meal (1.5% of BW), were used. Both KO and CO increased the rumen volatile fatty acids, in particular propionate and decreased acetate proportions. Protozoal numbers were reduced through the supplementation of an MCFA source (CO, KO and KO+T), with the strongest reduction by KO. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays based on archaeal primers showed a decrease in abundance of Archaea when supplementing with KO and KO+T compared with T and CO. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles of the rumen archaeal population did not result in a grouping of treatments. Richness indices were calculated from the number of DGGE bands, whereas community organization was assessed from the Pareto–Lorenz eveness curves on the basis of DGGE band intensities. KO supplementation (KO and KO+T treatments) increased richness and evenness within the archaeal community. Further research including methane measurements and productive animals should elucidate whether KO could be used as a dietary methane mitigation strategy.

Keywords

krabok oilcoconut oilrumen protozoaArchaeamicrobial community organization
Type
Nutrition
Information
animal , Volume 7 , Issue 12 , December 2013 , pp. 1950 - 1958
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2013 

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