Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T10:16:28.321Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of alfalfa silage storage structure and roasting corn on ruminal digestion and microbial CP synthesis in lactating dairy cows

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 November 2011

S. J. Krizsan ,
G. A. Broderick ,
C. Promkot  and
S. Colombini
S. J. Krizsan*
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
G. A. Broderick
Affiliation:
Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, US Dairy Forage Research Center, 1925 Linden Drive West, Madison, WI 53706, USA
C. Promkot
Affiliation:
Animal Health Science, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Kalasin Campus, Kalasin, Thailand
S. Colombini
Affiliation:
Facolta' di Agraria, Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, University of Milano, Italy
*
†E-mail: sophie.krizsan@slu.se
Get access

Abstract

The objective of this experiment was to quantify the effects of unroasted or roasted ground-shelled corn (GSC), when fed with alfalfa ensiled in bag, bunker, or O2-limiting tower silos on ruminal digestion and microbial CP synthesis in lactating dairy cows. The roasted corn was heat-treated in a propane-fired roasting system. Alfalfa was harvested as second cutting from fields with regrowth of the same maturity. A portion of each field was allotted to each silo. The diets with 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments were fed to six multiparous rumen-cannulated Holstein cows in a cyclic change-over design with five 21-day periods. Experimental diets were comparable and averaged (on dry matter (DM) basis): 410 g/kg alfalfa silage (AS), 150 g/kg corn silage, 350 g/kg GSC, 50 g/kg soybean meal, 40 g/kg roasted soybeans, 177 g/kg CP, 264 g/kg NDF and 250 g/kg starch. Nutrient flow was quantified by the omasal sampling technique with use of three markers (Co, Yb and indigestible NDF). Continuous infusion of 10% atom excess (15NH4)2SO4 was used to label microbial CP. None of the interactions between storage structure of dietary AS and corn type were significant. DM intake was not different among dietary treatments, averaging 24.5 kg/day across diets. Means of ADF digested in the rumen for cows fed diets with AS from bag, bunker and O2-limiting tower silo were 2.1, 1.7 and 2.1 kg/day, respectively, and was lower in cows fed AS from the bunker silo. This response may partly be a reflection of the higher intake of ADF by cows fed AS ensiled in the O2-limiting tower silo compared with the bunker. There was a slightly greater supply of fermentable substrates for cows fed diets with roasted compared with unroasted GSC. The small increases in yield of milk protein and lactose observed in the previous production trial in cows fed diets containing roasted corn may have occurred because of greater supply of fermentable substrates.

Keywords

alfalfa silagedairy cowmicrobial CP synthesisomasal flowroasted dry corn
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 6 , Issue 4 , April 2012 , pp. 624 - 632
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahvenjärvi, S, Vanhatalo, A, Huhtanen, P, Varvikko, T 2000. Determination of reticulo-rumen and whole-stomach digestion in lactating cows by omasal canal or duodenal sampling. British Journal of Nutrition 83, 67–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ahvenjärvi, S, Vanhatalo, A, Shingfield, KJ, Huhtanen, P 2003. Determination of digesta flow entering the omasal canal of dairy cows using different marker systems. British Journal of Nutrition 90, 41–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Atasoglu, C, Newbold, CJ, Wallace, RJ 2001. Incorporation of [15N] Ammonia by the cellulolytic ruminal bacteria Fibrobacter succinogenes BL2, Ruminococcus albus SY3, and Ruminococcus flavefeciens 17. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, 2819–2822.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bach Knudsen, KE 1997. Carbohydrate and lignin contents of plant materials used in animal feeding. Animal Feed Science and Technology 67, 319–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broderick, GA 1987. Determination of protein degradation rates using a ruminal in vitro system containing inhibitors of microbial nitrogen metabolism. British Journal of Nutrition 58, 463–475.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broderick, GA 2003. Effects of varying dietary protein and energy levels on the production of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 1370–1381.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broderick, GA, Merchen, NR 1992. Markers for quantifying microbial protein synthesis in the rumen. Journal of Dairy Science 75, 2618–2632.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broderick, GA, Muck, RE 2009. Effect of alfalfa silage storage structure and rumen-protected methionine on production in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 1281–1289.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cecava, MJ, Merchen, NR, Gay, LC, Berger, LL 1990. Composition of ruminal bacteria harvested from steers as influenced by dietary energy level, feeding frequency, and isolation techniques. Journal of Dairy Science 73, 2480–2488.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, XB, Hovell, FDD, Ørskov, ER, Brown, DS 1990. Excretion of purine derivatives by ruminants: Effect of exogenous nucleic acid supply on purine derivative excretion by sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 63, 131–142.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Combs, DK, Satter, LD 1992. Determination of marker in digesta and feces by direct current plasma spectroscopy. Journal of Dairy Science 75, 2176–2183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costa, PMA, Jensen, AH, Harmon, BG, Norten, HW 1976. The effects of roasting and roasting temperatures on the nutritive value of corn for swine. Journal of Animal Science 42, 365–374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costa, PMA, Jensen, AH, Harmon, BG, Norten, HW 1977. Effects of roasting and roasting temperatures on the nutritive value of high-moisture corn for swine. Journal of Animal Science 44, 234–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Craig, WM, Brown, DR, Broderick, GA, Ricker, DB 1987. Post-prandial compositional changes changes of fluid- and particle-associated ruminal microorganisms. Journal of Animal Science 65, 1042–1048.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davis, AW, Hall, WB 1969. Cyclic change-over designs. Biometrika 56, 283–293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Visser, H, Klop, A, Van der Koelen, CJ, Van Vuuren, AM 1998. Starch supplementation of grass harvested at two stages of maturity prior to ensiling: Intake, digestion and degradability by dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 81, 2221–2227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ekinci, C, Broderick, GA 1997. Effect of processing high moisture ear corn on ruminal fermentation and milk yield. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 3298–3307.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Felsman, RJ, Harvey, RW, Barrick, ER 1972. Effect of roasting corn on grain characteristics and cattle performance. Journal of Animal Science 34, 358.Google Scholar
France, J, Siddons, RC 1986. Determination of digesta flow by continous marker infusion. Journal of Theoretical Biology 121, 105–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
González-Ronquillo, M, Balcells, J, Belenguer, A, Castrillo, C, Mota, M 2004. A comparison of purine derivatives excretion with conventional methods as indices of microbial yield in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 87, 2211–2221.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huhtanen, P, Ahvenjärvi, S, Broderick, GA, Reynal, SM, Shingfield, KJ 2010. Quantifying ruminal digestion of organic matter and neutral detergent fiber using omasal sampling in cattle – a meta-analysis. Journal of Dairy Science 93, 3202–3215.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huhtanen, P, Brotz, PG, Satter, LD 1997. Omasal sampling technique for assessing fermentative digestion in the forestomach of dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science 75, 1380–1392.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huhtanen, P, Nousiainen, JI, Rinne, M, Kytölä, K, Khalili, H 2008a. Utilization and partition of dietary nitrogen in dairy cows fed grass silage-based diets. Journal of Dairy Science 91, 3589–3599.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huhtanen, P, Rinne, M, Nousiainen, J 2008b. Effects of silage soluble nitrogen components on metabolizable protein concentration: a meta-analysis of dairy cow production experiments. Journal of Dairy Science 91, 1150–1158.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krizsan, SJ, Broderick, GA, Muck, RE, Promkot, C, Colombini, S, Randby, ÅT 2007. Effect of alfalfa silage storage structure and roasting corn on production and ruminal metabolism of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 4793–4804.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lapierre, H, Lobley, GE 2001. Nitrogen recycling in the ruminant: a review. Journal of Dairy Science 84 (Suppl. E), E223–E236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ljøkjel, K, Harstad, OM, Prestløkken, E, Skrede, A 2003. In situ digestibility of starch in barley grain (Hordeum vulgare) and peas (Pisum sativum L.) in dairy cows: influence of heat treatment and glucose addition. Animal Feed Science and Technology 107, 105–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDonald, P, Henderson, AR, Heron, SJE 1991. The Biochemistry of Silage. Chalcombe publications, Marlow, UK.Google Scholar
Mertens, DR, Allen, M, Carmany, J, Clegg, J, Davidowicz, A, Drouches, M, Frank, K, Gambin, D, Garkie, M, Gildemeister, B, Jeffress, D, Jeon, CS, Jones, D, Kaplan, D, Kim, GN, Kobata, S, Main, D, Moua, X, Paul, B, Robertson, J, Taysom, D, Thiex, N, Williams, J, Wolf, M 2002. Gravimetric determination of amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber in feeds with refluxing in beakers or crucibles: collaborative study. Journal of AOAC International 85, 1217–1240.Google ScholarPubMed
Muck, RE 1987. Dry matter level effects on alfalfa silage quality .1. Nitrogen transformations. Transactions of the American Society of Agriculture Engineers 30, 7–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NRC (National Research Council) 2001. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle, 7th revised edition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Overton, TR, Cameron, MR, Elliottt, JP, Clark, JH, Nelson, DR 1995. Ruminal fermentation and passage of nutrients to the duodenum of lactating cows fed mixture of corn and barley. Journal of Dairy Science 78, 1981–1998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reeve, RR, Walker, HG 1969. The microscopic structure of popped cereals. Cereal Chemistry 46, 227–241.Google Scholar
Reynal, SM, Broderick, GA, Bearzi, C 2005. Comparison of four markers for quantifying microbial protein flow from the rumen of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 88, 4065–4082.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Russell, JB, O′Connor, JD, Fox, DG, Van Soest, PJ, Sniffen, CJ 1992. A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets:I. Ruminal fermentation. Journal of Animal Science 70, 3551–3561.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Russell, JB, Sniffen, CJ, Van Soest, PJ 1983. Effect of carbohydrate limitation on degradation and utilisation of casein by mixed rumen bacteria. Journal of Dairy Science 66, 763–775.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
SAS 2003. User's Guide: Statistics, Version 9.1 Edition. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.Google Scholar
Sveinbjörnsson, J, Murphy, M, Udén, P 2007. In vitro evaluation of starch degradation from feeds with or without various heat treatments. Animal Feed Science and Technology 132, 171–185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Titgemeyer, EC 1997. Design and interpretation of nutrient digestion studies. Journal of Animal Science 75, 2235–2247.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Udén, P, Colucci, PE, Van Soest, PJ 1980. Investigation of chromium, cerium and cobalt as markers in digesta: rate of passage studies. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 31, 625–632.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vagnoni, DB, Broderick, GA 1997. Effects of supplementation of energy or ruminally undegraded protein to lactating cows fed alfalfa hay or silage. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 1703–1712.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Soest, PJ, Robertson, JB 1985. Analysis of forages and fibrous foods. AS 613 Manual, Department of Animal Science. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.Google Scholar