Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T22:09:47.320Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of dietary nucleotide supplementation on growth performance and hormonal and immune responses of piglets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 December 2011

P. Superchi ,
R. Saleri ,
P. Borghetti ,
E. De Angelis ,
L. Ferrari ,
V. Cavalli ,
P. Amicucci ,
M. C. Ossiprandi  and
A. Sabbioni
P. Superchi*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Production, Veterinary Biotechnologies, Food Quality and Safety, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
R. Saleri
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Production, Veterinary Biotechnologies, Food Quality and Safety, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
P. Borghetti
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Health, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
E. De Angelis
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Health, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
L. Ferrari
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Health, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
V. Cavalli
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Production, Veterinary Biotechnologies, Food Quality and Safety, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
P. Amicucci
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Production, Veterinary Biotechnologies, Food Quality and Safety, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
M. C. Ossiprandi
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Health, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
A. Sabbioni
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Production, Veterinary Biotechnologies, Food Quality and Safety, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
*
†E-mail: paola.superchi@unipr.it
Get access

Abstract

The effects of dietary nucleotide supplementation from 9 days of age until the end of post-weaning on piglets hormonal and immune responses and on growth performance were investigated. During lactation (days 9 to 21) and post-weaning (days 22 to 55) 10 [HBI Fomeva11 × (Large White × Landrace)] litters (n = 108 piglets) had ad libitum access to two standard diets, both supplemented with 0% (T0 group) or 0.1% (T1 group) of yeast extract nucleotides. BW of piglets at days 21 (P < 0.10), 35 and 55 (P < 0.05) was greater in T1 compared with T0. Feed intake was not different between groups (P > 0.05). Cortisol content was lower in T1 than in T0 at days 28 and 35 (P < 0.05), whereas growth hormone was lower at day 35 (P < 0.05). Levels of IGF-1 were similar across groups (P > 0.05). Nucleotide-supplemented diets increased lymphocyte subpopulation CD4−CD8+high at days 21 and 35 (P < 0.05), whereas CD4+CD8− cells were higher in T1 than in T0 at day 21 (P < 0.05). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells cytokine expression was influenced by dietary nucleotide supplementation. At weaning, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β expression was lower (P < 0.05) in T1 compared with T0, whereas the expression of interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-10 was higher (P < 0.05). At day 28, piglets in T1 showed higher values of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression than T0 and lower values of IL-10 expression (P < 0.05). Dietary nucleotide supplementation had a suppressive effect on IL-6 and IL-10 expression (P < 0.05) at day 35. On the contrary, the expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β was enhanced (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that starting a dietary nucleotide supplementation before weaning can improve the adaptive capabilities of weaned piglets to the stressors, enhancing the growth performance.

Keywords

pigletsnucleotide supplementationgrowthimmunehormone
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 6 , Issue 6 , June 2012 , pp. 902 - 908
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andrés-Elias, N, Pujols, J, Badiola, I, Torrallardona, D 2007. Effect of nucleotides and carob pulp on gut health and performance of weanling piglets. Livestock Production Science 108, 280–283.Google Scholar
Ardawi, MSM, Newsholme, EA 1983. Glutamine metabolism in lymphocytes of the rat. Biochemical Journal 212, 835–842.Google Scholar
Baratta, M, Saleri, R, Mainardi, GL, Valle, D, Giustina, A, Tamanini, C 2002. Leptin regulates growth hormone gene expression and secretion and nitric oxide production in pig pituitary cells. Endocrinology 143, 551–557.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blotta, MH, DeKruyff, RH, Umestsu, DT 1997. Corticosteroids inhibit IL-12 production in human monocytes and enhance their capacity to induce IL-4 synthesis in CD4+ lymphocytes. Journal of Immunology 158, 5589–5595.Google Scholar
Borghetti, P, Saleri, R, Mocchegiani, E, Corradi, A, Martelli, P 2009. Infection, immunity and the neuroendocrine response. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 130, 141–162.Google Scholar
Borghetti, P, De Angelis, E, Saleri, R, Cavalli, V, Cacchioli, A, Corradi, A, Mocchegiani, E, Martelli, P 2006a. Peripheral T lymphocyte changes in neonatal piglets: relationship with growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and cortisol changes. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 110, 17–25.Google Scholar
Borghetti, P, Ferrari, L, Cavalli, V, De Angelis, E, Saleri, R, Corradi, A, Martelli, P 2006b. Effect of weaning and vaccinations on immune and hormonal parameters in neonatal piglets. Veterinary Research Communication 30 (suppl. 1), 227–230.Google Scholar
Borghetti, P, Saleri, R, Ferrari, L, Morganti, M, De Angelis, E, Franceschi, V, Bottarelli, E, Martelli, P 2011. Cytokine expression, glucocorticoid and growth hormone changes after porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV-1) infection in vaccinated and unvaccinated naturally exposed pigs. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 34, 143–155.Google Scholar
Brooks, PH, Tsourgiannis, CA 2003. Factors affecting the voluntary feed intake of weaned pig. In Weaning the pig: concepts and consequences (ed. JR Pluske, J Le Dividich and MWA Verstegen), pp. 81–116. Wageningen Academic Publishers, the Netherlands.Google Scholar
Burrin, DG, Stoll, B 2002. Key nutrients and growth factors for the neonatal gastrointestinal tract. Clinics in Perinatology 29, 65–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carroll, JA, Veum, TL, Matteri, RL 1998. Endocrine responses to weaning and changes in post-weaning diet in the young pig. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 15, 183–194.Google Scholar
Dancey, CP, Attree, EA, Brown, KF 2006. Nucleotide supplementation: a randomised double-blind placebo controlled trial of IntestAidIB in people with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Nutrition Journal 5, 16–24.Google Scholar
Di Giancamillo, A, Domeneghini, C, Paratte, R, Dell'Orto, V, Bontempo, V 2003. Oral feeding with l-glutamine and nucleotides: impact on some GALT (gut associated lymphoid tissue) parameters and cell proliferation/death rates in weaning piglets. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2 (suppl. 1), 364–366.Google Scholar
Domeneghini, C, Di Giancamillo, A, Savoini, G, Paratte, R, Bontempo, V, Dall'Orto, V 2004. Structural patterns of swine ileal mucosa following l-glutamine and nucleotide administration during the weaning period. A histochemical and histometrical study. Histology and Histopathology 19, 49–59.Google Scholar
Elenkov, IJ, Chrousos, GP 2002. Stress hormones, pro-inflammatory, and anti-inflammatory cytokines and autoimmunity. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 96, 290–303.Google Scholar
Flynn, NE, Wu, G 1997. Glucocorticoids play an important role in mediating the enhanced metabolism of arginine and glutamine in enterocytes of postweaning pigs. Journal of Nutrition 127, 732–737.Google Scholar
Godlewski, MM, Bierla, JB, Strzalkowski, A, Martinez-Puig, D, Pajak, B, Kotunia, A, Chetrit, C, Zabielski, R 2009. A novel cytometric approach to study intestinal mucosa rebuilding in weaned pigs fed with dietary nucleotides. Livestock Science 123, 215–220.Google Scholar
Hay, M, Orgeur, P, Levy, F, Le Dividich, J, Concordet, D, Nowak, R, Schaal, B, Mormède, P 2001. Neuroendocrine consequences of very early weaning in swine. Physiology and Behavior 72, 263–269.Google Scholar
Hayday, A, Tigelaar, R 2003. Immunoregulation in the tissues by gammadelta T cells. Nature Reviews Immunology 3, 233–242.Google Scholar
Martinez-Puig, D, Manzanilla, EG, Morales, J, Borda, E, Pérez, JF, Piñeiro, C, Chetrit, C 2007. Dietary nucleotides supplementation reduces occurrence of diarrhoea in early weaned pigs. Livestock Science 108, 276–279.Google Scholar
Mateo, CD, Stein, HH 2004. Nucleotides and young animal health: can we enhance intestinal tract development and immune function? In Nutritional biotechnology in the feed and food industries. Proceedings of Alltech's 20th Annual Symposium (ed. TP Lyons and KA Jacques), pp. 159–168. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK.Google Scholar
Mateo, CD, Peters, DN, Stein, HH 2004. Nucleotides in sow colostrum and milk at different stages of lactation. Journal of Animal Science 82, 1339–1342.Google Scholar
Møller, N, Jørgensen, JO 2009. Effects of growth hormone on glucose, lipid and protein metabolism in human subjects. Endocrine Reviews 30, 152–177.Google Scholar
Pluske, JR, Fenton, TW, Lorschy, ML, Pettigrew, JE, Sower, AF, Aherne, FX 1997a. A modification to the isotope-dilution technique for estimating milk intake of pigs using pig serum. Journal of Animal Science 75, 1279–1283.Google Scholar
Pluske, JR, Hampson, DJ, Williams, JH 1997b. Factors influencing the structure and function of the small intestine in the weaned pig: a review. Livestock Production Science 51, 215–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richards, DF, Fernandez, M, Caulfield, J, Hawrylowicz, CM 2001. Glucocorticoids drive human CD8 (+) T cell differentiation towards a phenotype with high IL-10 and reduced IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 production. European Journal of Immunology 30, 2344–2354.Google Scholar
Rogan, MP, Reznikov, LR, Pezzullo, AA, Gansemer, ND, Samuel, M, Prather, RS, Zabner, J, Fredericks, DC, McCray, PB Jr, Welsh, MJ, Stoltz, DA 2010. Pigs and humans with cystic fibrosis have reduced insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) levels at birth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107, 20571–20575.Google Scholar
Salak-Johnson, JL, McGlone, JJ 2007. Making sense of apparently conflicting data: stress and immunity in swine and cattle. Journal of Animal Science 85, E81–E88.Google Scholar
Sapolsky, RM, Romero, LM, Munck, AU 2000. How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions. Endocrine Reviews 21, 55–89.Google Scholar
Statistical Analysis System (SAS) 2008. User's guide: statistics (version 9.2). SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.Google Scholar
Tamanini, C, Giordano, N, Chiesa, F, Seren, E 1983. Plasma cortisol variations induced in the stallion by mating. Acta Endocrinologica 102, 447–450.Google ScholarPubMed
Vendelbo, MH, Jørgensen, JO, Pedersen, SB, Gormsen, LC, Lund, S, Schmitz, O, Jessen, N, Møller, N 2010. Exercise and fasting activate growth hormone-dependent myocellular signal transducer and activator of transcription-5b phosphorylation and insulin-like growth factor-1 messenger ribonucleic acid expression in humans. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 95, E64–E68.Google Scholar
Wang, LF, Gong, X, Le, GW, Shi, YH 2008. Dietary nucleotides protect thymocyte DNA from damage induced by cyclophosphamide in mice. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 92, 211–218.Google Scholar
Wellock, IJ, Fortomaris, PD, Houdijk, JGM, Kyriazakis, I 2007. Effect of weaning age, protein nutrition and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli challenge on the health of newly weaned piglets. Livestock Science 108, 102–105.Google Scholar
Wiegers, GJ, Stec, IEM, Sterzer, P, Reul, JMHM 2005. Glucocorticoids and the immune response. In Handbook of stress and the brain (ed. T Steckler, NH Kalin and JMHM Reul), pp. 175–191. Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.Google Scholar
Wu, G 1998. Intestinal mucosal amino acid catabolism. Journal of Nutrition 128, 1249–1252.Google Scholar
Wu, G, Meininger, CJ, Kelly, K, Watford, M, Morris, SM Jr 2000. A cortisol surge mediates the enhanced expression of pig intestinal pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase during weaning. Journal of Nutrition 130, 1914–1919.Google Scholar
Wu, G, Bazer, FW, Johnson, GA, Knabe, DA, Burghardt, RC, Spencer, TE, Li, XL, Wang, JJ 2011. Important roles for l-glutamine in swine nutrition and production. Journal of Animal Science 89, 2017–2030.Google Scholar
Zelnickova, P, Leva, L, Stepanova, H, Kovaru, F, Faldyna, M 2008. Age-dependent changes of proinflammatory cytokine production by porcine peripheral blood phagocytes. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 124, 367–378.Google Scholar