Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T19:18:01.089Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of increasing amounts of hempseed cake in the diet of dairy cows on the production and composition of milk

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 June 2010

L. Karlsson ,
M. Finell  and
K. Martinsson
L. Karlsson*
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-90183 Umeå, Sweden
M. Finell
Affiliation:
Unit of Biomass Technology and Chemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-90183, Umeå, Sweden
K. Martinsson
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-90183 Umeå, Sweden
*
†E-mail: Linda.Karlsson@njv.slu.se
Get access

Abstract

This study explored the potential for using seed cake from hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) as a protein feed for dairy cows. The aim was to evaluate the effects of increasing the proportion of hempseed cake (HC) in the diet on milk production and milk composition. Forty Swedish Red dairy cows were involved in a 5-week dose–response feeding trial. The cows were allocated randomly to one of four experimental diets containing on average 494 g/kg of grass silage and 506 g/kg of concentrate on a dry matter (DM) basis. Diets containing 0 g (HC0), 143 g (HC14), 233 g (HC23) or 318 g (HC32) HC/kg DM were achieved by replacing an increasing proportion of compound pellets with cold-pressed HC. Increasing the proportion of HC resulted in dietary crude protein (CP) concentrations ranging from 126 for HC0 to 195 g CP/kg DM for HC32. Further effects on the composition of the diet with increasing proportions of HC were higher fat and NDF and lower starch concentrations. There were no linear or quadratic effects on DM intake, but increasing the proportion of HC in the diet resulted in linear increases in fat and NDF intake, as well as CP intake (P < 0.001), and a linear decrease in starch intake (P < 0.001). The proportion of HC had significant quadratic effects on the yields of milk, energy-corrected milk (ECM) and milk protein, fat and lactose. The curvilinear response of all yield parameters indicated maximum production from cows fed diet HC14. Increasing the proportion of HC resulted in linear decreases in both milk protein and milk fat concentration (P = 0.005 and P = 0.017, respectively), a linear increase in milk urea (P < 0.001), and a linear decrease in CP efficiency (milk protein/CP intake; P < 0.001). In conclusion, the HC14 diet, corresponding to a dietary CP concentration of 157 g/kg DM, resulted in the maximum yields of milk and ECM by dairy cows in this study.

Keywords

Cannabis sativaprotein feedcrude proteinmilk yieldN efficiency
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 4 , Issue 11 , November 2010 , pp. 1854 - 1860
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andersson, R, Hedlund, B 1983. HPLC analysis of organic acids in lactic acid fermented vegetables. Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A 176, 440–443.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
AOAC 1990. Official methods of analysis, 15th edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.Google Scholar
Axelsson, J 1941. Der Gehalt des Futters an umsetzbarer Energie. Zeitschrift für Züchtungs-kunde 16, 337–347 (In German).Google Scholar
Broderick, GA 2003. Effects of varying dietary protein and energy levels on the production of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 1370–1381.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Callaway, JC 2002. Hemp as food at high latitudes. Journal of Industrial Hemp 7, 105–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Callaway, JC 2004. Hempseed as a nutritional resource: an overview. Euphytica 140, 65–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chai, W, Udén, P 1998. An alternative oven method combined with different detergent strengths in the analysis of neutral detergent fibre. Animal Feed Science and Technology 74, 281–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Council of the European Communities 1993. Council Regulation (EC) No 1782/2003 of 29 September 2003. Official Journal of the European Union L 270, 1–69.Google Scholar
Eriksson, T, Lindberg, E, Harstad, OM, Bævre, L, Olafsson, BL, Weisbjerg, MR, Thøgersen, R 2007. NorFor in sacco standard. Stockholm, Sweden, 3 p.Google Scholar
Fredeen, AH 1996. Considerations in the nutritional modification of milk composition. Animal Feed Science and Technology 59, 185–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibb, DJ, Shah, MA, Mir, PS, McAllister, TA 2005. Effect of full-fat hemp seed on performance and tissue fatty acids of feedlot cattle. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 85, 223–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Groff, EB, Wu, Z 2005. Milk production and nitrogen excretion of dairy cows fed different amounts of protein and varying proportions of alfalfa and corn silage. Journal of Dairy Science 88, 3619–3632.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hedqvist, H, Udén, P 2006. Measurement of soluble protein degradation in the rumen. Animal Feed Science and Technology 126, 1–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hessle, A, Eriksson, M, Nadeau, E, Turner, T, Johansson, B 2008. Cold-pressed hempseed cake as a protein feed for growing cattle. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A – Animal Science 58, 136–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huhtanen, P, Hristov, AN 2009. A meta-analysis of the effects of dietary protein concentration and degradability on milk protein yield and milk N efficiency in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 3222–3232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ipharraguerre, IR, Clark, JH 2005. Impacts of the source and amount of crude protein on the intestinal supply of nitrogen fractions and performance of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 88, E22–E37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jonker, JS, Kohn, RA, Erdman, RA 1998. Using milk urea nitrogen to predict nitrogen excretion and utilization efficiency in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 81, 2681–2692.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karlsson, L, Hetta, M, Udén, P, Martinsson, K 2009. New methodology for estimating rumen protein degradation using the in vitro gas production technique. Animal Feed Science and Technology 153, 193–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larsson, K, Bengtsson, S 1983. Bestämning av lätt tillgängliga kolhydrater i växtmaterial (determination of easily available carbohydrates in plant material), method description, vol 22. National Laboratory for Agricultural Chemistry, Uppsala, Sweden (In Swedish).Google Scholar
Licitra, G, Hernandez, TM, Van Soest, PJ 1996. Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology 57, 347–358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindgren, E 1979. Vallfodrets näringsvärde bestämt in vivo och med olika laboratoriemetoder, Report 45. Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden (In Swedish).Google Scholar
Lindgren, E 1983. Nykalibrering av VOS-metoden för bestämning av energivärde hos vallfoder. Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden (In Swedish).Google Scholar
Littell, RC, Milliken, GA, Stroup, WW, Wolfinger, RD, Schabenberger, O 2006. SAS system for mixed models, 2nd edition. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.Google Scholar
Mustafa, AF, McKinnon, JJ, Christensen, DA 1999. The nutritive value of hemp meal for ruminants. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 79, 91–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nordic Committee on Food Analysis 1976. Nitrogen. Determination in food and feed according to Kjeldahl. No 6. 3rd edition, Esbo, Finland.Google Scholar
NorFor Nordic Feed Evaluation System 2007. NorFor method for determination of dry matter. Retrieved October 22, 2009, from http://norfor.info/Files/pdf-dokumenter/pdf_lab/Analyses/NorFor_DM_Determination_070921.pdfGoogle Scholar
Nousiainen, J, Shingfield, KJ, Huhtanen, P 2004. Evaluation of milk urea nitrogen as a diagnostic of protein feeding. Journal of Dairy Science 87, 386–398.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
NRC 2001. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Official Journal of the European Community 1984. L 015 (18/01/1984). pp. 28–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olmos Colmenero, JJ, Broderick, GA 2006. Effect of dietary crude protein concentration on milk production and nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 1704–1712.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ørskov, ER, McDonald, I 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Cambridge 92, 499–503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sjaunja, L-O, Baevre, L, Junkkarinen, L, Pedersen, J, Setälä, J 1990. A Nordic proposal for an energy corrected milk (ECM) formula. 26th session of the International Committee for Recording the Productivity of Milk Animals.Google Scholar
Spörndly, R 2003. Fodertabeller för idisslare (feed tables for ruminants), report 247. Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden (In Swedish).Google Scholar
Stern, MD, Varga, GA, Clark, JH, Firkins, JL, Huber, JT, Palmquist, DL 1994. Evaluation of chemical and physical properties of feeds that affect protein metabolism in the rumen. Journal of Dairy Science 77, 2762–2786.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vanhatalo, A, Huhtanen, P, Toivonen, V, Varvikko, T 1999. Response of dairy cows fed grass silage diets to abomasal infusions of histidine alone or in combinations with methionine and lysine. Journal of Dairy Science 82, 2674–2685.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walker, GP, Dunshea, FR, Doyle, PT 2004. Effects of nutrition and management on the production and composition of milk fat and protein: a review. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, 1009–1028.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, C, Liu, JX, Yuan, ZP, Wu, YM, Zhai, SW, Ye, HW 2007. Effect of level of metabolizable protein on milk production and nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 2960–2965.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, X-S, Tang, C-H, Yang, X-Q, Gao, W-R 2008. Characterization, amino acid composition and in vitro digestibility of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) proteins. Food Chemistry 107, 11–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, Z, Huber, JT 1994. Relationship between dietary fat supplementation and milk protein concentration in lactating cows: A review. Livestock Production Science 39, 141–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar