Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T10:20:53.040Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of l-carnitine in the distillers dried grains with solubles diet of sows on reproductive performance and antioxidant status of sows and their offspring

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 November 2018

B. Wei ,
Q. Meng ,
S. He ,
Z. Qu ,
S. Nie ,
B. Shi  and
A. Shan
B. Wei
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China Institute of Animal Nutrition, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, China
Q. Meng
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
S. He
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
Z. Qu
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
S. Nie
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
B. Shi
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
A. Shan*
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
*
†E-mail: asshan@neau.edu.cn
Get access

Abstract

Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) are highly susceptible to lipid oxidation because DDGS contain about 10% crude fat, which is largely composed of polyunsaturated fatty acids. l-carnitine serves an important function in fatty acids β-oxidation, and also has antioxidant properties. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of l-carnitine in the DDGS diet of gestating and lactating sows on reproductive performance, milk composition and antioxidant status of sows and their offspring. One hundred and twenty sows (Landrace×Large white, mean parity 4.2, initial BW 230 kg) were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (n=30 sows/treatment). Treatments were arranged as a 2×2 factorial with two levels of dietary DDGS (0 v. 250 g/kg in gestating diets and 400 g/kg in lactating diets) and two levels of dietary l-carnitine (0 v. 100 mg/kg in gestating diets and 0 v. 200 mg/kg in lactating diets). Distillers dried grains with solubles had no significant effect on litter size but significantly reduced the birth weights and weaning weights of piglets (P<0.05). Distillers dried grains with solubles reduced the antioxidant enzyme activities (P<0.05) and increased the malondialdehyde level in the plasma of sows on day 60 of gestation (P=0.004) and day 14 of lactation (P=0.008). The compositions of colostrum and milk were not affected by inclusion of DDGS and dietary l-carnitine (P>0.05). Supplementing the diets with l-carnitine had no significant effect of total litter size (P>0.05) but increased the number of piglets born alive and piglets weaned, birth weight and weaning weight of piglets and litter weight at birth and weaning (P<0.05). l-carnitine supplementation also increased the concentration of l-carnitine in milk and l-carnitine status of piglets (P<0.05). The antioxidant enzyme activities of new born and weaning piglets were increased (P<0.05) by maternal dietary l-carnitine but this did not extend to finishing pigs. In conclusion, including DDGS in the sows diet could induce oxidative stress, which may be associated with the reduced individual birth and weaning weight of piglets. Dietary l-carnitine supplementation improved the antioxidant and l-carnitine status of sows, which may be associated with the improved reproduction and piglet performance and the antioxidant status of piglets at birth and weaning. There were no interactions between DDGS and l-carnitine.

Keywords

distillers grainsfeed additivematernal effectsoxidative stresspig
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 13 , Issue 7 , July 2019 , pp. 1448 - 1457
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

a

These authors contributed to the work equally and should be regarded as co-first authors.

References

Berchieri-Ronchi, CB, Kim, SW, Zhao, Y, Correa, CR, Yeum, KJ and Ferreira, AL 2011. Oxidative stress status of highly prolific sows during gestation and lactation. Animal 5, 1774–1779.Google Scholar
Birkenfeld, C, Doberenz, J, Kluge, H. and Eder, K 2006. Effect of L-carnitine supplementation of sows on L-carnitine status, body composition and concentrations of lipids in liver and plasma of their piglets at birth and during the sulking period. Animal Feed Science and Technology 129, 23–38.Google Scholar
Blokhina, O, Virolainen, E and Fagerstedt, KV 2003. Antioxidants, oxidative damage and oxygen deprivation stress: a review. Annals of Botany-London 91, 179–194.Google Scholar
Boler, DD, Fernandez-Duenus, DM, Kutzler, LW, Zhao, J, Harrell, RJ, Campion, DR, Mckeith, FK, Killefer, J and Dilger, AC 2012. Effect of oxidized corn oil and a synthetic antioxidant blend on performance, oxidative status of tissues, and fresh meat quality in finishing barrows. Journal of Animal Science 90, 5159–5169.Google Scholar
Brown, GC 2007. Nitric oxide and mitochondrial respiration. Cardiovascular Research 75, 283–290.Google Scholar
Buege, JA and Aust, SD 1978. Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Methods in Enzymology 52, 302–310.Google Scholar
Coffey, MT, Shireman, RB, Herman, DL and Jones, EE 1991. Carnitine status and lipid utilization in neonatal piglets fed diets low in carnitine. Journal of Nutrition 121, 1047–1053.Google Scholar
Crowder, SA and Johnston, ME 2011. The impact of feeding corn distillers dried grains with solubles to sows on plasma and milk vitamin E and selenium levels. Journal of Animal Science 89, 860.Google Scholar
Eder, K 2009. Influence of L-carnitine on metabolism and performance of sows. British Journal of Nutrition 102, 645–654.Google Scholar
Esterbauer, H, Schaur, RJ and Zollner, H 1991. Chemistry and biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal, malonaldehyde and related aldehydes. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 11, 81–128.Google Scholar
Eun, JS, ZoBell, DR and Wiedmeier, RD 2009. Influence of replacing barley grain with corn-based dried distillers grains with solubles on production and carcass characteristics of growing and finishing beef steers. Animal Feed Science and Technology 152, 72–80.Google Scholar
Gulcin, I 2006. Antioxidant and antiradical activities of L-carnitine. Life Science 78, 803–811.Google Scholar
Hanson, AR 2014. Effects of dietary peroxidized lipids on the growth performance and metabolic oxidative status of nursery pigs. PhD thesis, University of Minnesota, MN, USA.Google Scholar
Hanson, AR, Wang, L, Johnston, LJ, Baidoo, SK, Torrison, JL, Chen, C and Shurson, GC 2015. Effect of feeding peroxidized dried distillers grains with solubles to sows and progeny on growth performance and metabolic oxidative status of nursery pigs. Journal of Animal Science 93, 135–146.Google Scholar
Heincinger, M, Balogh, K, Mezes, M and Febel, H 2012. Effects of distillers dried grain with solubles (DDGS) on meat quality, lipid peroxide and some of antioxidant status parameters of fattening turkey. Journal of Poultry Science 49, 268–272.Google Scholar
Hu, YJ, Gao, KG, Zheng, CT, Wu, ZJ, Yang, XF, Wang, L, Ma, XY, Zhou, AG and Jiang, ZJ 2015. Effect of dietary supplementation with glycitein during late pregnancy and lactation on antioxidative indices and performance of primiparous sows. Journal of Animal Science 93, 2246–2254.Google Scholar
Kremser, K, Stangl, H, Pahan, K and Singh, I 1995. Nitric oxide regulates peroxisomal enzyme activities. European Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry 33, 763–774.Google Scholar
Li, X 2012. Effects of feeding diets containing dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) to sow on maternal and offspring performance. PhD thesis, University of Minnesota, MN, USA.Google Scholar
Li, X, Baidoo, SK, Li, YZ, Shurson, GC and Johnston, LJ 2014. Interactive effects of distillers dried grains with solubles and housing system on reproductive performance and longevity of sows over three reproductive cycles. Journal of Animal Science 92, 1562–1573.Google Scholar
Li, X, Shurson, GC, Baidoo, SK, Gallaher, DD, Anderson, JE and Johnston, LJ 2013. Effects of feeding low or high peroxidized distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) to sows on reproductive performance, incidence of low birth weight pigs, and within-litter variation of piglet birth weight. Journal of Animal Science 91 (Suppl. 2), 119.Google Scholar
Mahan, D 1994. Effects of dietary vitamin E on sow reproductive performance over a five-parity period. Journal of Animal Science 72, 2870–2879.Google Scholar
Mahan, D and Peters, J 2004. Long-term effects of dietary organic and inorganic selenium sources and levels on reproducing sows and their progeny. Journal of Animal Science 82, 1343–1358.Google Scholar
Meng, Q, Guo, T, Li, G, Sun, S, He, S, Cheng, B, Shi, B and Shan, A 2018. Dietary resveratrol improves antioxidant status of sows and piglets and regulates antioxidant gene expression in placenta by Keap1-Nrf2 pathway and Sirt1. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 9, 34.Google Scholar
Min, YN, Li, L, Waldroup, PW, Niu, ZY, Wang, ZP, Gao, YP and Liu, FZ 2012. Effects of dietary distillers dried grains with solubles concentrations on meat quality and antioxidant status and capacity of broiler chickens. Journal Applied Poultry Research 21, 603–611.Google Scholar
Monegue, HJ and Cromwell, GL 1995. High dietary levels of corn byproducts for gestating sows. Journal of Animal Science 73 (Suppl. 1), 86.Google Scholar
Musser, RE, Goodband, RD, Tokach, MD, Owen, KQ, Nelssen, JL, Blum, SA, Dritz, SS and Civis, CA 1999. Effects of l-carnitine fed during gestation and lactation on sow and litter performance. Journal of Animal Science 77, 3289–3295.Google Scholar
National Research Council, 2012. Nutrient requirements of swine, 11th revised edition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Ramanau, A, Kluge, H and Eder, K 2005. Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on milk production, litter gains and back-fat thickness in sows with a low energy and protein intake during lactation. British Journal of Nutrition 93, 717–721.Google Scholar
Ramanau, A, Kluge, H, Spilke, J and Eder, K 2002. Reproductive performance of sows supplemented with dietary L-carnitine over three reproductive cycles. Archives of Animal Nutrition 56, 287–296.Google Scholar
Ramanau, A, Kluge, H, Spilke, J and Eder, K 2004. Supplementation of sows with L-carnitine during the suckling period through increase milk production. Journal of Nutrition 134, 86–92.Google Scholar
Song, M, Baidoo, SK, Shurson, GC and Johnson, LJ 2007. Use of dried distillers grains with solubles in diets for lactating sows. Journal of Animal Science 85 (Suppl. 2), 97.Google Scholar
Song, R, Chen, C, Johnston, LJ, Kerr, BJ, Weber, TE and Shurson, GC 2014. Effects of feeding diets containing highly peroxidized distillers dried grains with solubles and increasing vitamin E levels to wean-finish pigs on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and pork fat composition. Journal of Animal Science 92, 198–210.Google Scholar
Song, R and Shurson, GC 2013. Evaluation of lipid peroxidation level in corn dried distillers grain with solubles. Journal of Animal Science 91, 4383–4388.Google Scholar
Stein, HH and Shurson, GC 2009. Board-interview: the use and application of distillers dried grains with solubles in swine diets. Journal of Animal Science 87, 1292–1303.Google Scholar
Tan, C, Wei, H, Ao, J, Long, G and Peng, J 2016. Inclusion of Konjac flour in the gestation diet changes the gut microbiota, alleviates oxidative stress, and improves insulin sensitivity in sows. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, 5899–5909.Google Scholar
Thong, LA, Jensen, AH, Harmon, BG and Cornelius, SG 1978. Distillers dried grains with solubles as a supplemental protein source in diets for gestating swine. Journal of Animal Science 46, 674–677.Google Scholar
Wang, LS, Shi, Z, Gao, R, Su, BC, Wang, H, Shi, BM and Shan, AS 2015. Effects of conjugates linoleic acid or betaine on the growth performance and fatty acid composition in backfat and belly fat of finishing pigs fed dried distillers grains with solubles. Animal 9, 569–575.Google Scholar
Wang, LS, Su, BC, Shi, Z, Shi, BM and Shan, AS 2013. Dietary supplementation with maize distillers dried grains with solubles during late gestation and lactation: effects on sow and litter performance, and on colostrum and milk composition. Animal Feed Science and Technology 179, 149–153.Google Scholar
Weber, TE and Kerr, BJ 2011. Effect of dietary distillers dried grains with solubles on indicators of oxidative stress and immune function in growing pigs. Livestock Science 142, 85–91.Google Scholar
Wei, BD, Nie, SP, Meng, QW, Qu, Z, Shan, AA and Chen, ZH 2016. Effects of L-carnitine and/or maize distillers dried grains with solubles in diets of gestating and lactating sows on the intestinal barrier functions of their offspring. British Journal of Nutrition 116, 459–469.Google Scholar
Wilson, JA, Whitney, MH, Shurson, GC and Baidoo, SK 2003. Effects of adding dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) to gestation and lactation diets on reproductive performance and nutrient balance in sows. Journal of Animal Science 81 (Suppl. 2), 47–48.Google Scholar
Wu, F, Johnston, LJ, Urriola, PE, Hilbrands, AM and Shurson, GC 2016. Evaluation of ME predictions and the impact of feeding maize distillers dried grains with solubles with variable oil content on growth performance, carcass composition, and pork fat quality of growing-finishing pigs. Animal Feed Science & Technology 213, 128–141.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Wei et al. supplementary material

Tables S1-S3

Download Wei et al. supplementary material(File)
File 25.2 KB