Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T00:19:01.308Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of rumen-escape starch and coarseness of ingredients in pelleted concentrates on performance and rumen wall characteristics of rosé veal calves

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 March 2013

M. Vestergaard ,
T. C. Jarltoft ,
N. B. Kristensen  and
C. F. Børsting
M. Vestergaard*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
T. C. Jarltoft
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
N. B. Kristensen
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
C. F. Børsting
Affiliation:
Danish Cattle Research Centre, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
*
†E-mail: mogens.vestergaard@agrsci.dk
Get access

Abstract

The objective was to study the effect of rumen-escape starch and coarseness of ingredients in pelleted concentrates on performance, carcass quality and rumen wall characteristics in rosé veal calf production. Two alternative concentrates (Coarse and Slow) were compared with a traditional (Control) concentrate. Control was based on finely ground ingredients, whereas in Coarse, the same ingredients were coarsely ground resulting in a mean particle size before pelleting of 1.5 in Coarse and 0.6 mm in Control. Slow compared with Control and Coarse contained finely ground sorghum and corn instead of barley and wheat which increased the amount of rumen-escape starch to 59 compared with 22 g/kg in Control and Coarse. All concentrates had the same total starch (362 g/kg), NDF (168 g/kg), CP (154 g/kg) and DE (15.5 MJ/kg DM) content and a pellet diameter of 3.5 to 4 mm. Use of an ‘indicator of starch digestibility’ method gave a value of 98.6% for Control and Coarse and 91.1% for Slow (P < 0.001). A total of 57 Holstein bull calves (n = 19 per treatment) were offered one of the three concentrates ad libitum from weaning ( $$$2\frac{1}{2}$$$ months of age) to slaughter (<10 months of age). Concentrate intake was recorded individually. Barley straw was available ad libitum but intake was not recorded. Average daily gain (1.43 kg/day), concentrate conversion efficiency (3.7 kg DM concentrate/kg gain), LW at slaughter (386 kg), carcass weight (194 kg) and EUROP conformation (3.9) were not affected by type of concentrate (P > 0.05). Papillae length and shape evaluated in atrium ruminis and the cranial part of the ventral rumen sac at slaughter were not affected by type of concentrate (P > 0.05). Rumen wall characteristics showed degrees of plaque formation (i.e., papillary aggregation), hyperaemia and necrotic areas in all treatment groups, but with no general difference between type of concentrate (P > 0.05). Incidence of liver abscesses (LAs, 16%) was not affected by type of concentrate (P > 0.05). There were no differences in performance or rumen wall characteristics between liver-abscessed and non-abscessed calves. The results show a high level of production performance with the three types of pelleted concentrates and indicates that neither the more coarse ingredients nor the additional rumen-escape starch tested, when fed ad libitum, could improve rumen wall characteristics or reduce LAs of rosé veal calves.

Keywords

slaughter calvespelleted concentratesgrowth raterumen wallliver abscesses
Type
Nutrition
Information
animal , Volume 7 , Issue 8 , August 2013 , pp. 1298 - 1306
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Axe, DE, Bolsen, KK, Harmon, DL, Lee, RW, Milliken, GA, Avery, TB 1987. Effect of wheat and high-moisture sorghum grain fed singly and in combination on ruminal fermentation, solid and liquid flow, site and extent of digestion and feeding performance of cattle. Journal of Animal Science 64, 897–906.Google Scholar
Beharka, AA, Nagaraja, TG, Morrill, JL, Kennedy, GA, Klemm, RD 1998. Effects of form of the diet on anatomical, microbial and fermentative development of the rumen of neonatal calves. Journal of Dairy Science 81, 1946–1955.Google Scholar
Bengochea, WL, Lardy, GP, Bauer, ML, Soto-Navarro, SA 2005. Effect of grain processing degree on intake, digestion, ruminal fermentation, and performance characteristics of steers fed medium-concentrate growing diets. Journal of Animal Science 83, 2815–2825.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brink, DR, Lowry, SR, Stock, RA, Parrott, JC 1990. Severity of liver abscesses and efficiency of feed utilization of feedlot cattle. Journal of Animal Science 68, 1201–1207.Google Scholar
Castillo, C, Benedito, JL, Pereira, V, Vázquez, P, Gutiérrez, C, Hernández, J 2009. Acid–base status and serum L-lactate in growing/finishing bull calves fed different high-grain diets. Livestock Science 120, 66–74.Google Scholar
Cooper, SDB, Kyriazakis, I, Nolan, JV 1995. Diet selection in sheep: the role of the rumen environment in the selection of a diet from two feeds that differ in their energy density. British Journal of Nutrition 74, 39–54.Google Scholar
Galyean, ML, Rivera, JD 2003. Nutritionally related disorders affecting feedlot cattle. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 83, 13–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galyean, ML, Wagner, DG, Owens, FN 1979. Corn particle-size and site and extent of digestion by steers. Journal of Animal Science 49, 204–210.Google Scholar
Greenwood, RH, Morrill, JL, Titgemeyer, EC, Kennedy, GA 1997. A new method of measuring diet abrasion and its effect on the development of the forestomach. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 2534–2541.Google Scholar
Hinders, RG, Owen, FG 1965. Relation of ruminal parakeratosis development to volatile fatty acid absorption. Journal of Dairy Science 48, 1069–1073.Google Scholar
Hironaka, R, Kimura, N, Kozub, GC 1979. Influence of feed particle size on rate and efficiency of gain, characteristics of rumen fluid and rumen epithelium, and numbers of rumen protozoa. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 59, 395–402.Google Scholar
Jarltoft, TC, Larsen, M, Vestergaard, M. 2011. Betydningen af kælvningshygiejne, råmælkshåndtering og kalvesundhed på forekomsten af leverbylder hos slagtekalve. Retrieved May 12, 2011, http://www.slagtekalve.dk/pdf/kvagseminar.pdfGoogle Scholar
Jensen, R, Deane, HM, Cooper, LJ, Miller, WA, Graham, WR 1954. The ruminitis-liver abscess complex in beef cattle. American Journal of Veterinary Research 15, 202–216.Google Scholar
Jørgensen, KF, Sehested, J, Vestergaard, M 2007. Effect of starch level and straw intake on animal performance, rumen wall characteristics and liver abscesses in intensively fed Friesian bulls. Animal 1, 797–803.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kjeldsen, AM, Bossen, D, Fisker, I 2002. Liver abscesses in veal calves. Danish Cattle, Danish Agricultural Advisory Service, Skejby, Report no. 96, 75pp.Google Scholar
Kleen, JL, Hooijer, GA, Rehage, J, Noordhuizen, JPTM 2003. Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA): a review. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A – Physiology Pathology Clinical Medicine 50, 406–414.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kreikemeier, KK, Harmon, DL, Brandt, RT Jr, Nagaraja, TG, Cochran, RC 1990. Steam-rolled wheat diets for finishing cattle: effects of dietary roughage and feed intake on finishing steer performance and ruminal metabolism. Journal of Animal Science 68, 2130–2141.Google Scholar
Kristensen, NB, Sehested, J, Jensen, SK, Vestergaard, M 2007. Effect of milk allowance on concentrate intake, ruminal environment, and ruminal development in milk-fed Holstein calves. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 4346–4355.Google Scholar
Larsen, M, Lund, P, Weisbjerg, MR, Hvelplund, T 2009. Digestion site of starch from cereals and legumes in lactating dairy cows. Animal Feed Science and Technology 153, 236–248.Google Scholar
Loe, ER, Bauer, ML, Lardy, GP 2006. Grain source and processing in diets containing varying concentrations of wet corn gluten feed for finishing cattle. Journal of Animal Science 84, 986–996.Google Scholar
Nagaraja, TG, Chengappa, MM 1998. Liver abscesses in feedlot cattle: a review. Journal of Animal Science 76, 287–298.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nocek, JE, Kessler, EM 1980. Growth and rumen characteristics of Holstein steers fed pelleted or conventional diets. Journal of Dairy Science 63, 249–254.Google Scholar
Norfor – The Nordic Feed Evaluation System 2011. In (ed. H. Volden), Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, EAAP Publication No. 130, 180pp.Google Scholar
Owens, FN, Secrist, DS, Hill, WJ, Gill, DR 1997. The effect of grain source and grain processing on performance of feedlot cattle: a review. Journal of Animal Science 75, 868–879.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Owens, FN, Secrist, DS, Hill, WJ, Gill, DR 1998. Acidosis in cattle: a review. Journal of Animal Science 76, 275–286.Google Scholar
Ørskov, ER 1986. Starch digestion and utilization in ruminants. Journal of Animal Science 63, 1624–1633.Google Scholar
Philippeau, C, Martin, C, Michalet-Doreau, B 1999. Influence of grain source on ruminal characteristics and rate, site, and extent of digestion in beef steers. Journal of Animal Science 77, 1587–1596.Google Scholar
Ramsey, PB, Mathison, GW, Goonewardene, LA 2002. Effect of and rates and extent of ruminal barley grain dry matter and starch disappearance on bloat, liver abscess, and performance of feedlot steers. Animal Feed Science and Technology 97, 145–157.Google Scholar
Scanlan, CM, Hathcock, TL 1983. Bovine rumenitis-liver abscess complex: a bacteriological review. Cornell Veterinarian 73, 288–297.Google Scholar
Schwartzkopf-Genswein, KS, Beauchemin, KA, Gibb, DJ, Crews, DH Jr, Hickman, DD, Streeter, M, McAllister, TA 2003. Effect of bunk management on feeding behavior, ruminal acidosis and performance of feedlot cattle: a review. Journal of Animal Science 81 (Suppl. 2), E149–E158.Google Scholar
Smith, HA 1944. Ulcerative lesions of the bovine rumen and their possible relation to hepatic abscesses. American Journal of Veterinary Research 5, 234–242.Google Scholar
Storm, A, Kristensen, NB 2010. Effects of particle size and dry matter content of a total mixed ration on intraruminal equilibration and net portal flux of volatile fatty acids in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 93, 4223–4238.Google Scholar
Tamate, H, Nagatani, T, Yoneya, S, Sakata, T, Miura, J 1973. High incidence of ruminal lesions and liver abscess in the beef associated with intensive fattening in Miyagi prefecture. Tohoku Journal of Agricultural Research 23, 184–195.Google Scholar
Therkildsen, M, Vestergaard, M, Jensen, LR, Andersen, HR, Sejrsen, K 1998. Influence of feeding intensity, grazing and finishing on growth and carcass quality of young Friesian bulls. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A, Animal Science 48, 193–201.Google Scholar
Theurer, CB 1986. Grain processing effects on starch utilization by ruminants. Journal of Animal Science 63, 1649–1662.Google Scholar
Van Soest, PJ 1994. Function of the ruminant forestomach. Nutritional ecology of the ruminant, 2nd edition.University Press, Cornell New York, 230–252.Google Scholar
Waldo, DR, Smith, LW, Cox, EL, Weinland, BT, Lucas, HL Jr 1971. Logarithmic normal distribution for description of sieved forage materials. Journal of Dairy Science 54, 1465–1469.Google Scholar
Weisbjerg, MR, Hvelplund, T 1993. Estimation of net energy content (FU) in feeds for cattle (in Danish). The National Institute of Animal Science, Denmark, Research Report No. 3, 39pp.Google Scholar
Williams, LM, Block, HC, Christensen, DA, Racz, V, Ataku, K, Wilderman, B, McKinnon, JJ 2008. Effect of feeding a processed barley/canola meal pellet on performance and carcass quality of feedlot steers. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 88, 667–676.Google Scholar
Volmerhaus, B, Schnorr, B 1967. Elektronmikroskopische untersuchungen an lysosomen in pansenepithel der ziege. Zentralblatt Für Veterinärmedizin A 14, 761–773.Google Scholar