Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T13:13:10.830Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Energy metabolism by splanchnic tissues of mature sheep fed varying levels of lucerne hay cubes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 July 2013

M. EL-Sabagh ,
M. Goto ,
T. Sugino ,
T. Obitsu  and
K. Taniguchi
M. EL-Sabagh
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima-shi, 739-8528, Japan
M. Goto
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima-shi, 739-8528, Japan
T. Sugino
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima-shi, 739-8528, Japan
T. Obitsu
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima-shi, 739-8528, Japan
K. Taniguchi*
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima-shi, 739-8528, Japan
*
†E-mail: kohzo@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
Get access

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the pattern of energy metabolites net flux across the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and total splanchnic tissues (TSP) in mature sheep fed varying levels of lucerne hay cubes. Four Suffolk mature sheep (61.4 ± 3.6 kg BW) surgically fitted with multi-catheters were fed four levels of dry matter intake (DMI) of lucerne hay cubes ranging from 0.4- to 1.6-fold the metabolizable energy (ME) requirements for maintenance. Six sets of blood samples were simultaneously collected from arterial and venous catheters at 30-min intervals. With increasing DMI, apparent total tract digestibility increased linearly and quadratically for dry matter (P < 0.05), quadratically (P < 0.05) with a linear tendency (P < 0.1) for organic matter and tended to increase quadratically (P < 0.1) for NDF. PDV release of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and β-hydroxybutyric acid was relatively low at 0.4 M and then linearly increased (P < 0.05) with increasing DMI. Net PDV flux of non-esterified fatty acids showed curvilinear decrease from 0.4 to 1.2 M and then increased at 1.6 M. The respective proportions of each VFA appearing in the portal blood differed (P < 0.05) with DMI and this difference was more obvious from 0.4 to 0.8 M than from 0.8 to 1.6 M. Heat production, as a percentage of ME intake (MEI), decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing DMI accounting for 37%, 21%, 16% and 13% for PDV and 62%, 49%, 33% and 27% for TSP at 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 M, respectively. As a proportion of MEI, total energy recovery including heat production, decreased linearly with increasing DMI (P < 0.05) accounting for 113%, 83%, 62% and 57% for PDV and 140%, 129%, 86% and 83% for TSP at 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 M, respectively. Regression analysis revealed a linear response between MEI (MJ/day per kg BW) and total energy release (MJ/day per kg BW) across the PDV and TSP, respectively. However, respective contributions of energy metabolites to net energy release across the PDV and TSP were highly variable among treatments and did not follow the same pattern of changes in DMI.

Keywords

sheeplucerneenergysplanchnic metabolism
Type
Nutrition
Information
animal , Volume 7 , Issue 10 , October 2013 , pp. 1622 - 1630
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agricultural and Food Research Council 1993. Energy and protein requirements of ruminants. AFRC, Cab International, Wallingford, UK.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990. Official methods of analysis, 15th edition. AOAC, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Baird, DC, Young, JL 1975. The response of key gluconeogenic enzymes in bovine liver to various dietary and hormonal regimes. The Journal of Agricultural Science 84, 227–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergman, EN, Starr, DJ, Ruelins, SS 1968. Glycerol metabolism and gluconeogenesis in the normal and hypoglycaemic ketotic sheep. American Journal of Physiology 215, 874–880.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bermingham, EN, Nozière, P, Vernet, J, Lapierre, H, Le′ger, S, Sauvant, D, Ortigues-Marty, I 2008. The relationships between intake and net portal fluxes of energy metabolites in ruminants: a meta-analysis. Animal Feed Science and Technology 143, 27–58.Google Scholar
Ceriotti, G 1971. Ultramicrodetermination of plasma urea by reaction with diacetylmonoxime-antipyrine without deproteinization. Clinical Chemistry 17, 400–402.Google Scholar
Chilliard, Y, Bocquier, F, Doreau, M 1998. Digestive and metabolic adaptations of ruminants to under nutrition, and consequences on reproduction. Reproduction Nutrition Development 38, 131–152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doreau, M, Michalet-Doreau, B, Grimaud, P, Atti, N, Nozière, P 2003. Consequences of underfeeding on digestion and absorption in sheep. Small Ruminant Research 49, 289–301.Google Scholar
EL-Sabagh, M, Sugino, T, Obitsu, T, Taniguchi, K 2013. Effects of forage intake level on nitrogen net flux by portal-drained viscera of mature sheep with abomasal infusion of an amino acid mixture. Animal, first published online 26 June 2013, doi:10.1017/S1751731113001122.Google Scholar
Galyean, ML, Owens, FN 1991. Effects of diet composition and level of feed intake on site and extent of digestion in ruminants. In Physiological aspects of digestion and metabolism in ruminants (ed. T Tsuda, Y Sasaki and R Kawashima), pp. 483–513. Academic Press, Toronto.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gill, M, France, J, Summers, M, McBride, BW, Milligan, LP 1989. Simulation of the energy costs associated with protein turnover and Na+, K+ transport in growing lambs. Journal of Nutrition 119, 1287–1299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goetsch, AL 1998. Splanchnic tissue energy use in ruminants that consume forage-based diets ad libitum. Journal of Animal Science 76, 2737–2746.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamilton, PB 1963. Ion exchange chromatography of amino acids. A single column, high resolving fully automatic procedure. Analytical Chemistry 35, 2055–2064.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harvey, RB, Brothers, AJ 1962. Renal extraction of para-aminohippurate and creatinine measured by continuous in vivo sampling of arterial and renal-vein blood. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 102, 46–54.Google Scholar
Huntington, GB 1990. Energy metabolism in the digestive tract and liver of cattle: influence of physiological state and nutrition. Reproduction Nutrition Development 30, 35–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huntington, GB, Tyrrell, HF 1985. Oxygen consumption by portal-drained viscera of cattle: comparison of analytical methods and relationship to whole body oxygen consumption. Journal of Dairy Science 68, 2727–2731.Google Scholar
Huntington, GB, Reynolds, CK, Stroud, BH 1989. Techniques for measuring blood flow in splanchnic tissues of cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 72, 1583–1595.Google Scholar
Jones, JH, Longworth, KE, Lindholm, A, Conley, KE, Karas, RH, Kayar, SR, Taylor, CR 1989. Oxygen transport during exercise in large mammals: I. Adaptive variation in oxygen demand. Journal of Applied Physiology 67, 862–870.Google Scholar
Katz, ML, Bergman, EN 1969. Simultaneous measurements of hepatic and portal venous blood flow in the sheep and dog. The American Journal of Physiology 216, 946–952.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelly, JM, Southorn, BG, Kelly, CE, Milligan, LP, McBride, BW 1993. Quantification of in vitro and in vivo energy metabolism of the gastrointestinal tract of fed or fasted sheep. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 73, 855–868.Google Scholar
Kristensen, NB, Røjen, BA, Raun, BML, Storm, AC, Puggaard, L, Larsen, M 2009. Hepatic acetylation of the blood flow marker p-aminohippuric acid affect measurement of hepatic blood flow in cattle. In XIth international symposium on ruminant physiology (ed. Y Chilliard, F Glasser, Y Faulconnier, F Bocquier, I Veissier and M Doreau), pp. 558–559. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Lindsay, DB 1993. Making the sums add up-the importance of quantification in nutrition. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 44, 479–493.Google Scholar
Lindsay, DB, Reynolds, CK 2005. Metabolism of the portal-drained viscera and liver. In Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism (ed. J Dijkstra, JM Forbes and J France), pp. 311–343. CABI Publishing, Oxfordshire, UK.Google Scholar
Loncke, C, Ortigues-Marty, I, Vernet, J, Lapierre, H, Sauvant, D, Nozière, P 2009. Empirical prediction of net portal appearance of volatile fatty acids, glucose and their secondary metabolites (ß-hydroxybutyrate, lactate) from dietary characteristics in ruminants: a meta-analysis approach. Journal of Animal Science 87, 253–268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loncke, C, Nozière, P, Amblard, S, Léger, S, Vernet, J, Lapierre, H, Sauvant, D, Ortigues-Marty, I 2010. From metabolisable energy to energy of absorbed nutrients: quantitative comparison of models. In Modelling nutrient digestion and utilisation in farm animals (ed. D Sauvant, J Van Milgen, P Faverdin and N Friggens), pp. 233–242. Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
McLeod, KR, Baldwin, RLT 2000. Effects of diet forage: concentrate ratio and metabolizable energy intake on visceral organ growth and in vitro oxidative capacity of gut tissues in sheep. Journal of Animal Science 78, 760–770.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Majdoub, L, Vermorel, M, Ortigues-Marty, I 2003. Ryegrass-based diet and barley supplementation: partition of energy-yielding nutrients among splanchnic tissues and hind limbs in finishing lambs. Journal of Animal Science 81, 1068–1079.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Merchen, NR, Firkins, JL, Berger, LL 1986. Effect of intake and forage level on ruminal turnover rates, bacterial protein synthesis and duodenal amino acid flows in sheep. Journal of Animal Science 62, 216–225.Google Scholar
Murase, M, Kimura, Y, Nagata, Y 1995. Determination of portal short-chain fatty acids in rats fed various dietary fibers by capillary gas chromatography. Journal of Chromatography B 664, 415–420.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Okuda, H, Fujii, S, Kawashima, Y 1965. A direct colorimetric determination of blood ammonia. Tokushima Journal of Experimental Medicine 12, 11–23.Google Scholar
Ortigues, I, Durand, D 1995. Adaptation of energy metabolism to under-nutrition in ewes. Contribution of portal-drained viscera, liver and hindquarters. British Journal of Nutrition 73, 209–226.Google Scholar
Reynolds, CK 2000. Feed evaluation for animal production. In Feeding systems and feed evaluation models (ed. MK Theodorou and J France), pp. 87–108. CABI Publishing, London, UK.Google Scholar
SAS 2000. SAS/STAT user's guide, version 8 edition. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.Google Scholar