Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T03:42:43.544Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Ileal digestibility of amino acids of cassava, sweet potato, cocoyam and erythrina foliages fed to growing pigs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 October 2011

C. Régnier ,
Y. Jaguelin ,
J. Noblet  and
D. Renaudeau
C. Régnier
Affiliation:
INRA, UR 143 Unité de Recherches Zootechniques, F-97170 Petit Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
Y. Jaguelin
Affiliation:
INRA, UMR 1079 Systèmes d'Elevage, Nutrition Animale et Humaine, F-35590 St Gilles, France
J. Noblet*
Affiliation:
INRA, UMR 1079 Systèmes d'Elevage, Nutrition Animale et Humaine, F-35590 St Gilles, France
D. Renaudeau
Affiliation:
INRA, UR 143 Unité de Recherches Zootechniques, F-97170 Petit Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
*
†E-mail: Jean.Noblet@rennes.inra.fr
Get access

Abstract

Ileal digestibility in growing pigs fed starch-based diets with inclusion of four tropical leaves in a meal form was studied in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Five diets were formulated with only casein as protein source in the basal diet (CAS), and casein plus dry cassava (CA) leaves, casein plus dry sweet potato (SP) leaves, casein plus dry cocoyam (CO) leaves and casein plus erythrina (ER) leaves in the other four diets. All diets contained the same amount of CP (14%), either provided by only CAS or a combination of casein and 250 g of leaf meal per kg of diet in the other diets. Leaves were separated manually from stems, and only the leaf part was used. A protein-free diet was fed during a sixth period in order to estimate the endogenous protein losses and calculate the CP- and amino-acid (AA)-standardized ileal digestibility (SID) values. The values for the foliages were calculated according to the difference method, assuming no interaction between the foliage and the casein. The ileal tract apparent digestibility of CP, organic matter and energy was higher in diet CAS than in the other diets (P < 0.05). The SID of CP and AA was close to 0.950 for casein, whereas the SID of AA was markedly lower in the foliages; the SID of indispensable and dispensable AA was highest in CO (0.500 and 0.352) and lowest in ER (0.170 and 0.195); intermediate values were obtained for SPs (0.367 and 0.349) and CA (0.232 and 0.242) leaves. Accordingly, the SID of lysine was highest (0.538) for CO leaves and lowest (0.126) in ER leaves; intermediate values were measured for CA and SP leaves. These low SID values in foliage meals must be related to the high levels of dietary fibre and the presence of secondary metabolites (tannins). These results suggest that it is only possible to replace a fraction of the conventional protein sources such as soyabean meal by tropical foliages in growing pig diets with a preference for CO leaves.

Keywords

cassavasweet potatoescocoyamerythrinaileal digestibility
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 6 , Issue 4 , April 2012 , pp. 586 - 593
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

AFNORV18-120 1997. Dosage de l'azote, méthode par combustion (DUMAS). Association Française de Normalisation, Paris, France.Google Scholar
An, LV, Frankow-Lindberg, BE, Lindberg, JE 2003. Effect of harvesting interval and defoliation on yield and chemical composition of leaves, stems and tubers of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.)) plant parts. Field Crop Research 82, 49–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
An, LV, Honga, TTT, Lindberg, JE 2004. Ileal and total tract digestibility in growing pigs fed cassava root meal diets with inclusion of fresh, dry and ensiled sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.)) leaves. Animal Feed Science and Technology 114, 127–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
An, LV, Hong, TTT, Ogle, B, Lindberg, JE 2005. Utilization of ensiled sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.)) leaves as a protein supplement in diets for growing pigs. Tropical Animal Health and Production 37, 77–88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Atibu Kazinguvu, E 2004. Cinétique de l’élimination du cyanure dans le manioc. Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, République démocratique du Congo.Google Scholar
Cozannet, P, Primot, Y, Gady, C, Métayer, JP, Callu, P, Lessire, M, Skiba, F, Noblet, J 2010. Ileal digestibility of amino acids in wheat distillers dried grains with solubles for pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 158, 177–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eggum, BO 1970. The protein quality of cassava leaves. British Journal of Nutrition 24, 761–768.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Figueroa, V, Ly, J 1990. Alimentacion porcina no-convencional, Serie Diversificación. GEPLACEA, Mexico City, Mexico.Google Scholar
Griffiths, DW 1986. The inhibition of digestive enzymes by polyphenolic compounds. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 199, 509–516.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hang, DT, Preston, TR 2010. Effect of processing Taro leaves on oxalate concentrations and using the ensiled leaves as a protein source in pig diets in central Vietnam. Livestock Research for Rural Development 22, article no. 68.Google Scholar
Hess, V, Sève, B 1999. Investigation of the variation of the basal endogenous losses in the growing pigs. Journal Animal of Science 82, 715–724.Google Scholar
Hock-Hin, Y, Kalanethee, P 1989. Variation in leaf protein contents and amino acid compositions of cassava cultivars. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 17, 199–202.Google Scholar
Jansman, AJM 1993. Tannins in feedstuffs for simple-stomached animals. Nutrition Research Reviews 6, 209–236.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jorgensen, H, Zaho, XQ, Eggum, BO 1996. The influence of dietary fibre and environmental temperature on the development of the gastrointestinal tract, digestibility, degree of fermentation in the hing-gut and energy metabolism in pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 75, 365–378.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Juste, C 1982. Apports endogènes par les sécrétions digestives chez le porc. In Physiologie digestive chez le porc (ed. JP Laplace, T Corring and A Réat), pp. 155–173. Les Colloques de l'INRA, Paris, France.Google Scholar
Kumar, R, Singh, M 1984. Tannins: their adverse role in ruminant nutrition. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 32, 447–458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lahaye, L, Ganier, P, Thibault, JN, Sève, B 2004. Technological processes of feed manufacturing affect protein endogenous losses and amino acid availability for body protein deposition in pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 113, 141–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laplace, JP, Souffrant, WB, Hennig, U, Chabeauti, E, Février, C 1994. Measurement of pre-caecal dietary protein and plant cell wall digestion in pigs: comparison of four surgical procedures for ileorectal anastomosis. Livestock Production Science 40, 313–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Gall, M, Warpechowski, M, Jaguelin-Peyraud, Y, Noblet, J 2009. Influence of dietary fibre level and pelleting on the digestibility of energy and nutrients in growing pigs and adult sows. Animal 3, 352–359.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leterme, P, Londono, AM, Estrada, F, Souffrant, WB, Buldgen, A 2005. Chemical composition, nutritive value and voluntary intake of tropical tree foliage and cocoyam in pigs. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 85, 1725–1732.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leterme, P, Botero, M, Londono, AM, Bindelle, J, Buldgen, A 2006. Nutritive value of tropical tree leaf meals in adult sows. Animal Science 82, 175–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mariscal-Landin, G, Sève, B, Colléaux, Y, Lebreton, Y 1995. Endogenous amino nitrogen collected from pigs with end-to-end ileorectal anastomosis is affected by the method of estimation and altered by dietary fiber. The Journal of Nutrition 125, 136–146.Google ScholarPubMed
McDowell, LR, Conrad, JH, Thomas, JE, Harris, LE 1974. Latin American tables of feed composition. University of Florida, Department of Animal Science, Gainesville, FL, USA.Google Scholar
Mitaru, BN, Blair, R, Reichert, RD, Roe, WE 1984. Dark and yellow rapeseed hulls, soybean hulls and a purified fiber source: their effects on dry matter, energy, protein and amino acid digestibilities in cannulated pigs. Journal Animal of Science 59, 1510–1518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mossé, J 1990. Nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor for 10 cereals and 6 legumes or oilseeds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 38, 18–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noblet, J, Bontems, V, Trans, G 2003. Estimation de la valeur énergétique des aliments pour le porc. INRA Productions Animales 16, 197–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nyachoti, CM, De Lange, CFM, McBride, BW, Schulze, H 1997. Significance of endogenous gut nitrogen losses in the nutrition of growing pigs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 77, 149–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oke, OL 1978. Problems in the use of cassava as animal feed. Animal Feed Science and Technology 3, 345–380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oke, OL 1984. The use of cassava as pig feed. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews 54, 301–314.Google Scholar
Phuc, BHN, Lindberg, JE 2000. Ileal and total tract digestibility in growing pigs given cassava root meal diets with inclusion of cassava leaves, leucaena leaves and groundnut foliage. Animal Science 71, 301–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Preston, TR 2006. Forages as protein sources for pigs in the tropics. Workshop-seminar on Forages for Pigs and Rabbits, MEKARN-CelAgrid, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 22–24 August 2006. Retrieved September 23, 2011, from http://www.mekarn.org/proprf/preston.htmCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ravindran, V 1993. Cassava leaves as animal feed: potential and limitation. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 61, 141–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Régnier, C, Bocage, B, Archimède, H, Renaudeau, D 2010. Effects of processing methods on the digestibility and palatability of cassava root in growing pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 162, 135–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodriguez, L, Lopez, DJ, Preston, TR, Peters, K 2006. New cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) leaves as partial replacement for soya bean meal in sugar cane juice diets for growing pigs. Livestock Research for Rural Development 18, article no. 7.Google Scholar
Samur, C 1984. Producción de leche de cabras alimentadas con king grass (Pennisetum purpureum) y poró (Erythrina poeppigiana) suplementadas con fruto de banano (Muse sp. cv. Cavendish). M.Sc. Thesis, University of Costa Rica/Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE), Turrialba, Costa Rica.Google Scholar
SAS Institute 2008. Statistical analysis system release 8.01. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.Google Scholar
Sauvant, D, Perez, JM, Tran, G 2002. Tables de composition et de la valeur nutritive des matières destinées aux animaux d’élevage. INRA Editions, Paris, France.Google Scholar
Sève, B, Hess, V 2000. Amino acid digestibility in formulation of diets for pigs: present interest and limitations future prospects. In Recent advances in animal nutrition 2000 (ed. PC Garnsworthy and F Wiseman), pp. 167–181. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK.Google Scholar
Shayo, CM, Udèn, P 1999. Nutritional uniformity of crude protein fractions in some tropical browse plants estimated by two in vitro methods. Animal Feed Science and Technology 78, 141–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singleton, VL, Orthofer, R, Lamuela-Raventos, RM 1998. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin–ciocalteu reagent. In Methods in enzymology: oxidants and antioxidants Part A (ed. L Packer), pp. 152–178. Academic Press, London, UK.Google Scholar
Stein, HH, Sève, B, Fuller, MF, Moughan, PJ, De Lange, CMG 2007. Invited review: amino acid bioavailability and digestibility in pig feed ingredients: terminology and application. Journal Animal of Science 85, 172–180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Soest, PJ, Robertson, JB, Lewis, BA 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neural detergent fiber and non starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walter, WM, Purcell, AE 1986. Protein of the sweet potato. In Plant proteins: applications, biological effects, and chemistry (ed. RL Ory), pp. 234–248. American Chemical Society, New York University, New York, NY, USA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wünsche, J, Herrmann, U, Meinl, M, Hennig, U, Kreienbring, F, Zweirz, P 1987. Einfluβ exogener Faktoren auf die präzäkale Nährstoff und Aminosäurenresorption, ermittelt Zerkleinerungsgrades von Getreide. Archives of Animal Nutrition 37, 745–764.Google Scholar