Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T10:20:56.431Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Nitric oxide concentrations in mammary quarters during heifer mastitis*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2012

A. Bastan ,
M. Cengiz ,
S. Cengiz ,
T. Sel ,
B. Polat ,
A. Colak ,
M. Akan  and
I. Darbaz
A. Bastan
Affiliation:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
M. Cengiz*
Affiliation:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
S. Cengiz
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
T. Sel
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
B. Polat
Affiliation:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
A. Colak
Affiliation:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
M. Akan
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
I. Darbaz
Affiliation:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
*
†E-mail: mecevet@hotmail.com
Get access

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate nitric oxide (NOx) concentration in infected and non-infected mammary quarters of dairy heifers before and after calving. The relationship between bacterial species and NOx concentrations, as well as correlation between NOx concentrations and postpartum somatic cell count (SCC), was assessed. Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were the bacteria commonly isolated during the pre- and postpartum period. Infected quarters had greater NOx concentrations than non-infected quarters before (30.81 v. 22.83 μM/ml, P < 0.05) and after (9.56 v. 5.77 μM/ml, P < 0.0001) calving. It was determined that the interaction between sampling period and infectious status had no effect on NOx concentration (P < 0.16). Infected quarters had greater SCC (log10) than healthy quarters (4.95 v. 4.39; P < 0.0001). NOx concentrations, however, did not correlate with SCC (r = 0.02). In summary, changes in NOx concentration were mainly dependent on the infectious status of the quarters with variations among the bacterial species (P < 0.05).

Keywords

heifermastitisnitric oxidesomatic cell count
Type
Behaviour, welfare and health
Information
animal , Volume 7 , Issue 3 , March 2013 , pp. 499 - 504
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

This study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey: grant no. 1080319

References

Aarestrup, FM, Jensen, NE 1997. Prevalence and duration of intramammary infection in Danish heifers during the peripartum period. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 307–312.Google Scholar
Archer, S 1993. Measurement of nitric oxide in biological models. Federation of American Societies for Expeimental Biology Journal 7, 349–360.Google Scholar
Atakisi, O, Oral, H, Atakisi, E, Merhan, O, Pancarci, SM, Ozcan, A, Marasli, S, Polat, B, Colak, A, Kaya, S 2010. Subclinical mastitis causes alterations in nitric oxide, total oxidant and antioxidant capacity in cow milk. Research in Veterinary Science 89, 10–13.Google Scholar
Barkema, HW, Deluyker, HA, Schukken, YH, Lam, TJGM 1999. Quarter-milk somatic cell count at calving and at the first six milkings after calving. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 38, 1–9.Google Scholar
Bastan, A, Cengiz, M, Cengiz, S, Polat, B, Colak, A, Akan, M, Darbaz, I, Acar, DB 2010. Effects of precalving antibiotic treatment on mastitis and individual somatic cell count in heifers. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 9, 1245–1249.Google Scholar
Baumrucker, CR 1985. Amino acid transport systems in bovine mammary tissue. Journal of Dairy Science 68, 2436–2451.Google Scholar
Blowey, R, Edmondson, P 1995. Mastitis – causes epidemiology and control. In Mastitis control in dairy herds (ed. R Blowey and P Edmondson), pp. 27–45. Farming Press Books, Ipswich, UK.Google Scholar
Blum, JW, Dosogne, H, Hoeben, D, Vangroenweghe, F, Hammon, HM, Bruckmaier, RM, Burvenich, C 2000. Tumor necrosis factor-α and nitrite/nitrate responses during acute mastitis induced by Escherichia coli infection and endotoxin in dairy cows. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 19, 223–235.Google Scholar
Bouchard, L, Blais, S, Desrosiers, C, Zhao, X, Lacasse, P 1999. Nitric oxide production during endotoxin-induced mastitis in the cow. Journal of Dairy Science 82, 2574–2581.Google Scholar
Boulanger, V, Bouchard, L, Zhao, X, Lacasse, P 2001. Induction of nitric oxide production by bovine mammary epithelial cells and blood leukocytes. Journal of Dairy Science 84, 1430–1437.Google Scholar
Boulanger, V, Zhao, X, Lauzon, K, Lacasse, P 2007. Effects of nitric oxide on bovine polimorphonuclear function. The Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 71, 52–58.Google Scholar
Bradley, A, Green, M 2005. Use and interpretation of somatic cell count data in dairy cows. In Practice 27, 310–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burvenich, C, Van Merris, V, Mehrzad, J, Diez-Fraile, A, Duchateau, L 2003. Severity of E. coli mastitis is mainly determined by cow factors. Veterinary Research 34, 521–564.Google Scholar
Connor, EE, Meyer, MJ, Li, RW, Van Amburgh, ME, Boisclair, YR, Capuco, AV 2007. Regulation of gene expression in the bovine mammary gland by ovarian steroids. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 55–65.Google Scholar
Consentino, F, Luscher, TF 1995. Maintenance of vascular integrity: role of nitric oxide and other bradykinin mediators. European Heart Journal 16, 4–12.Google Scholar
De Vliegher, S, Barkema, HW, Stryhn, H, Opsomer, G, De Kruif, A 2004. Impact of early lactation somatic cell count in heifers on somatic cell counts over the first lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 87, 3672–3682.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dohoo, IR 1993. An evaluation of the validity of individual cow somatic cell counts from cows in early lactation. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 16, 103–110.Google Scholar
Fox, LK 2009. Prevalence, incidence and risk factors of heifer mastitis. Veterinary Microbiology 134, 82–88.Google Scholar
Gilliam, AB, Sherman, MD, Griscavage, JM, Ignarro, LJ 1993. A spectrophotometric assay for nitrate using NADPH oxidation by Aspergillus nitrate reductase. Analytical Biochemistry 212, 359–365.Google Scholar
Hallberg, JW, Dame, KJ, Chester, ST, Miller, CC, Fox, LK, Pankey, JW, Nickerson, SC, Weaver, LJ 1995. The visual appearance and somatic cell count of mammary secretions collected from primigravid heifers during gestation and early postpartum. Journal of Dairy Science 78, 1629–1636.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harmon, RJ, Eberhart, RJ, Langlois, DE, Wilson, RA 1990. Microbiological procedures for the diagnosis of udder infection. National Mastitis Council Inc., Arlington, VA.Google Scholar
Huijps, K, De Vliegher, S, Lam, T, Hogeeven, H 2009. Cost estimation of heifer mastitis in early lactation by stochastic modelling. Veterinary Microbiology 134, 121–127.Google Scholar
Komine, K, Kuroishi, T, Komine, Y, Watanabe, K, Kobayashi, J, Yamaguchi, T, Kamata, S, Kumagai, K 2004. Induction of nitric oxide production mediated by tumor necrosis factor alpha on staphylococcal enterotoxin c-stimulated bovine mammary gland cells. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 11, 203–210.Google Scholar
Kromker, V, Friedrich, J 2009. Teat canal closure in non-lactating heifers and its association with udder health in the consecutive lactation. Veterinary Microbiology 134, 100–105.Google Scholar
McDougall, S, Pankey, W, Delaney, C, Barlow, J, Murdough, PA, Scru, D 2002. Prevalence and incidence of subclinical mastitis in goats and dairy ewes in Vermont, USA. Small Ruminant Research 46, 115–121.Google Scholar
Oliver, SP, Lewis, MJ, Gillespie, BE, Dowlen, HH 1992. Influence of prepartum antibiotic therapy on intramammary infections in primigravid heifers during early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 75, 406–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oliver, SP, Gillespie, BE, Headrick, SJ, Lewis, MJ, Dowlen, HH 2004. Heifer mastitis: prevalence, risk factors and control strategies. Conference at the 43rd National Mastitis Council Annual Meeting Proceeding, Charlotte, USA, 83pp.Google Scholar
Onado, M, Inano, H 1998. Localization of nitric oxide synthases and nitric oxide production in the rat mammary gland. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 46, 1269–1278.Google Scholar
Owens, WE, Nickerson, SC, Boddie, RL, Tomita, GM 2001. Prevalence of mastitis in dairy heifers and effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. Journal of Dairy Science 84, 814–817.Google Scholar
Palmer, RMJ, Ferrige, AG, Moncada, S 1987. Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium derived relaxing factor. Nature 327, 524–526.Google Scholar
Pankey, JW, Drechsler, PA, Wildman, EE 1991. Mastitis prevalence in primigravid heifers at parturition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 1550–1552.Google Scholar
Quinn, PJ, Carter, ME, Markey, BK, Carter, GR 1999. Clinical veterinary microbiology, 3rd edition. Mosby Harcourt Publishers Limited, London, UK.Google Scholar
SAS Institute 2002. User's guide. Statistics version 9. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.Google Scholar
Sierra, D, Sanchez, A, Contreras, A, Luengo, C, Corrales, JC, De la Fe, C, Guirao, I, Morales, CT, Gonzalo, C 2009. Effect of storage and preservation on total bacterial counts determined by automated flow cytometry in bulk tank goat milk. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 4841–4845.Google Scholar
Tucker, HA 1987. Quantitative estimates of mammary growth during various physiological states: a review. Journal of Dairy Science 70, 1958–1966.Google Scholar
Waage, S, Mork, T, Roros, A, Aasland, D, Hunshamar, A, Odegaard, SA 1999. Bacteria associated with clinical mastitis in dairy heifers. Journal of Dairy Science 82, 712–719.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, DJ, Gonzalez, RN, Das, HH 1997. Bovine mastitis pathogens in New York and Pennsylvania: prevalence and effects on somatic cell count and milk production. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 2592–2598.Google Scholar
Zhao, X, Lacasse, P 2008. Mammary tissue damage during bovine mastitis: causes and control. Journal of Animal Science 86, 57–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed