Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T07:56:00.543Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Nutrient intake, rumen fermentation and growth performance of dairy calves fed extruded full-fat soybean as a replacement for soybean meal

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 September 2017

A. ZeidAli-Nejad ,
G. R. Ghorbani ,
S. Kargar ,
A. Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi ,
A. Pezeshki  and
M. H. Ghaffari
A. ZeidAli-Nejad
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
G. R. Ghorbani
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
S. Kargar*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran
A. Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
A. Pezeshki
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
M. H. Ghaffari
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, CanadaT6G 2P5
*
†E-mail: skargar@shirazu.ac.ir; skargar@wisc.edu
Get access

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of extruded full-fat soybean (ESB) as a replacement for soybean meal (SBM) on nutrient intake, rumen fermentation, and growth performance of dairy calves. A total of 45 male Holstein dairy calves (42.0±0.5 kg of BW) were randomly assigned to one of three experimental diets: (1) 0% ESB (Control): 35.3% SBM no ESB; (2) 25% ESB: 27.0% SBM+9.0% ESB; and (3) 50% ESB: 19.0% SBM+19.0% ESB. All calves were weaned on day 56 of age and remained in the study until day 70 of age. During the pre-weaning and overall periods, substituting of SBM with ESB had no effect on intake of starter feed, metabolizable energy (ME), CP and non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC). Compared with the control, 50% ESB resulted in a decrease in starter feed intake, and intakes of other nutrients including CP, NFC and ME during the post-weaning period. Substituting SBM with ESB decreased intake of C16 : 0 and increased intakes of n-9 C18 : 1, n-6 C18 : 2 and n-3 C18 : 3 during the pre-weaning, post-weaning and overall periods. Using ESB as a replacement for SBM did not affect average daily gain, feed efficiency, rectal temperature and fecal score over the trial periods. Compared with control, the rumen concentration of NH3-N decreased for 50% ESB on days 35 and 56 of age but not when compared with 25% ESB. Rumen pH, total volatile fatty acids concentrations, and the molar proportions of ruminal acetate, propionate and butyrate were not different among treatments. Body measurements were not affected by the treatments. In conclusion, substitution of SBM with ESB may improve nitrogen utilization efficiency in dairy calves but slightly reduce post-weaning starter intake with no negative outcomes on growth performance and rumen fermentation.

Keywords

calfheat processingN utilization efficiencyperformancesoybean meal
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 12 , Issue 4 , April 2018 , pp. 733 - 740
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

a

These two authors contributed equally to this work.

References

Abdelgadir, IEO, Morrill, JL and Higgins, JJ 1996a. Effect of roasted soybeans and corn on performance and ruminal and blood metabolites of dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science 79, 465–474.Google Scholar
Abdelgadir, IEO, Morrill, JL and Higgins, JJ 1996b. Ruminal availabilities of protein and starch: effects on growth and ruminal and plasma metabolites of dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science 79, 283–290.Google Scholar
Akbarian, A, Khorvash, M, Ghorbani, GR, Ghasemi, E, Dehghan-Banadaky, M, Shawrang, P and Hosseini-Ghaffari, M 2014. Effects of roasting and electron beam irradiating on protein characteristics, ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of soybean and the performance of dairy cows. Livestock Science 168, 45–52.Google Scholar
Allen, MS 2000. Effects of diet on short-term regulation of feed intake by lactating dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 83, 1598–1624.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Amanlou, H, Maheri-Sis, N, Bassiri, S, Mirza-Aghazadeh, A and Salamatdust, R 2012. Nutritional value of raw soybeans, extruded soybeans, roasted soybeans and tallow as fat sources in early lactating dairy cows. Open Veterinary Journal 2, 88–94.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 1990. Official methods of analysis, 15th edition. AOAC, Arlington, VA, USA.Google Scholar
Baker, DH 2000. Nutritional constraints to use of soy products by animal. In Soy in animal nutrition (ed. JK Drackley), pp 1–12. Federation Animal Science Society, Savory, IL, USA.Google Scholar
Bailoni, L, Bortolozzo, A, Mantovani, R, Simonetto, A, Schiavon, S and Bittante, G 2004. Feeding dairy cows with full fat extruded or toasted soybean seeds as replacement of soybean meal and effects on milk yield, fatty acid profile and CLA content. Italian Journal of Animal Science 3, 243–258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowen Yoho, WS, Swank, VA, Eastridge, ML, O’Diam, KM and Daniels, KM 2013. Jersey calf performance in response to high-protein, high-fat liquid feeds with varied fatty acid profiles: Intake and performance. Journal of Dairy Science 96, 2494–2506.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Choi, BR and Palmquist, DL 1996. High fat diets increase plasma cholecystokinin and pancreatic polypeptide, and decrease plasma insulin and feed intake in lactating cows. Journal of Nutrition 126, 2913–2919.Google ScholarPubMed
Chouinard, PY, Levesque, J, Girard, V and Brisson, GJ 1997. Dietary soybeans extruded at different temperatures: Milk composition and in situ fatty acid reactions. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 2913–2924.Google Scholar
Daniels, LB, Cantrell, SE and Hornsby, Q 1973. Digestibility of and growth on rations containing processed and unprocessed soybeans. Journal of Dairy Science 56, 824–827.Google Scholar
Drackley, JK, Richard, MJ, Beitz, DC and Young, JW 1992. Metabolic changes in dairy cows with ketonemia in response to feed restriction and dietary 1,3-butanediol. Journal of Dairy Science 75, 1622–1634.Google Scholar
Giallongo, F, Oh, J, Frederick, T, Isenberg, B, Kniffen, DM, Fabin, RA and Hristov, AN 2015. Extruded soybean meal increased feed intake and milk production in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 98, 6471–6485.Google Scholar
Harvatine, KJ and Allen, MS 2005. The effect of production level on feed intake, milk yield, and endocrine responses to two fatty acid supplements in lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science 88, 4018–4027.Google Scholar
Heinrichs, AJ, Jones, CM, VanRoekel, LR and Fowler, MA 2003. Calf Track: a system of dairy calf workforce management, training, and evaluation and health evaluation. Journal of Dairy Science 86 (suppl. 1), 115.Google Scholar
Hill, TM, Bateman, HG II, Aldrich, JM and Schlotterbeck, RL 2011. Effect of various fatty acids on dairy calf performance. The Professional Animal Scientist 27, 167–175.Google Scholar
Iranian Council of Animal Care 1995. Guide to the care and use of experimental animals volume 1, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.Google Scholar
Kargar, S, Ghorbani, GR, Alikhani, M, Khorvash, M, Rashidi, L and Schingoethe, DJ 2012. Lactational performance and milk fatty acid profile of Holstein cows in response to dietary fat supplements and forage:concentrate ratio. Livestock Science 150, 274–283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kargar, S, Ghorbani, GR, Khorvash, M, Kahyani, A, Karimi-Dehkordi, S, Safahani-Langarudi, M, Fievez, V and Schingoethe, DJ 2017. Milk fat secretion in Holstein dairy cows: insights from grain type and oil supplement. Livestock Science 196, 36–41.Google Scholar
Kazemi-Bonchenari, M, Alizadeh, AR, Tahriri, AR, Jalali, S, Karkoodi, K and Sadri, H 2015. The effects of partial replacement of soybean meal by xylose-treated soybean meal in the starter concentrate on performance, health status, and blood metabolites of Holstein calves. Italian Journal of Animal Science 14, 138–142.Google Scholar
Kim, MH, Yun, CH, Kim, HS, Kim, JH, Kang, SJ, Lee, CH, Ko, JY and Ha, JK 2010. Effects of fermented soybean meal on growth performance, diarrheal incidence and immune-response of neonatal calves. Animal Science Journal 81, 475–481.Google Scholar
Kuehn, CS, Otterby, DE, Linn, JG, Olson, WG, Chester-Jones, H, Marx, GD and Barmore, JA 1994. The effect of dietary energy concentration on calf performance. Journal of Dairy Science 77, 2621–2629.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lesmeister, KE and Heinrichs, AJ 2004. Effects of corn processing on growth characteristics, rumen development, and rumen parameters in neonatal dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science 87, 3439–3450.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Licitra, G, Hernandez, TM and Van Soest, PJ 1996. Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology 57, 347–358.Google Scholar
Litherland, NB, Thire, S, Beaulieu, AD, Reynolds, CK, Benson, JA and Drackley, JK 2005. Dry matter intake is decreased more by abomasal infusion of unsaturated free fatty acids than by unsaturated triglycerides. Journal of Dairy Science 88, 632–643.Google Scholar
Maiga, HA, Schingoethe, DJ, Ludens, FC, Tucker, WL and Casper, DP 1994. Response of calves to diets that varied in amounts of ruminally degradable carbohydrate and protein. Journal of Dairy Science 77, 278–283.Google Scholar
Marty, BJ and Chavez, ER 1993. Effects of heat processing on digestible energy and other nutrient digestibilities of full-fat soybeans fed to weaner, grower and finisher pigs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 73, 411–419.Google Scholar
McCoy, GC, Ruppert, LD and Hutjens, MF 2003. Feeding an extruded cottonseed-soybean-based calf starter. Retrieved 17 December 2016 from http://www.livestocktrail.uiuc.edu/dairynet/paperDisplay.cfm? ContentID=269.Google Scholar
Mohamed, OE, Satter, LD, Grummer, RR and Ehle, FR 1988. Influence of dietary cottonseed and soybean on milk production and composition. Journal of Dairy Science 71, 2677–2688.Google Scholar
National Research Council (NRC) 2001. Nutrient requirement of dairy cattle, 7th revised edition. NRC and National Academy of Science, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Nemati, M, Amanlou, H, Khorvash, M, Mirzaei, M, Moshiri, B and Ghaffari, MH 2016. Effect of different alfalfa hay levels on growth performance, rumen fermentation, and structural growth of Holstein dairy calves. Journal of Animal Science 94, 1141–1148.Google Scholar
Palmquist, DL 1988. The feeding value of fats. In Feed science (ed. ER Orskov), pp 293–311. Elsevier Sci. Publ. A. V, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.Google Scholar
Place, NT, Heinrich, AJ and Erb, HN 1998. The effects of disease, management, and nutrition on average daily gain of dairy heifers from birth to four months. Journal of Dairy Science 81, 1004–1009.Google Scholar
Reddy, PV, Morrill, JL and Bates, LS 1993. Effect of roasting temperatures on soybean utilization by young dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science 76, 1387–1393.Google Scholar
Sniffen, CJ, O’Connor, JD, Van-Soest, PJ, Fox, DG and Russell, JB 1992. A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability. Journal of Animal Science 70, 3562–3577.Google Scholar
Sukhija, PS and Palmquist, DL 1988. Rapid method for determination of total fatty acid content and composition of feedstuffs and feces. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 36, 1202–1206.Google Scholar
Sutton, JD, Knight, R, McAllan, AB and Smith, RH 1983. Digestion and synthesis in the rumen of sheep given diets supplemented with free and protected oils. British Journal of Nutrition 49, 419–432.Google Scholar
Zerbini, E, Polan, CE and Herbein, JH 1988. Effect of dietary soybean and fish meal protein digesta flow in Holstein cows during early and midlactation. Journal of Dairy Science 71, 1248–1258.Google Scholar