Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T10:08:26.176Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Requirement of standardized ileal digestible valine to lysine ratio for 8- to 14-kg pigs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 May 2015

E. A. Soumeh ,
J. van Milgen ,
N. M. Sloth ,
E. Corrent ,
H. D. Poulsen  and
J. V. Nørgaard
E. A. Soumeh
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
J. van Milgen
Affiliation:
INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, 35590 Rennes, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, 35590 Rennes, France
N. M. Sloth
Affiliation:
Pig Research Centre, Agro Food Park 15, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
E. Corrent
Affiliation:
Ajinomoto Eurolysine S.A.S., 75817 Paris Cedex 17, France
H. D. Poulsen
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
J. V. Nørgaard*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
*
†E-mail: Janvnoergaard@anis.au.dk
Get access

Abstract

The objective was to define the Val requirement for weaned piglets in the context of reducing the dietary protein content. A dose–response experiment was conducted to estimate the standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val to Lys ratio required to support the optimum growth of post-weaned piglets. In this study, 96 pigs weighing 8 kg were allotted to one of six dietary treatments (16 pigs for each dietary treatment) and were housed individually. Diets were formulated to provide 0.58, 0.62, 0.66, 0.70, 0.74 and 0.78 SID Val : Lys by adding graded levels of crystalline l-Val to the 0.58 SID Val : Lys diet. Lysine was sub-limiting and supplied 90% of the recommendation (10.95 g SID Lys/kg equal to 11.8 g/kg total Lys). Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio (G : F) were determined during a 14-day period of ad libitum feeding. Blood and urine samples were taken at the end of each week (day 7 and 14 of the experiment) 3 h after feeding the experimental diets. The maximum ADFI and ADG were obtained in pigs fed the 0.78 SID Val : Lys diet; it was not different from the results of pigs fed 0.70 SID Val : Lys diet. The highest G : F was obtained in pigs fed 0.70 SID Val : Lys. The plasma concentration of Val increased linearly (P<0.001) as the dietary SID Val : Lys increased. The increasing dietary Val : Lys also resulted in a linear increase in Cys (P<0.001) and a quadratic increase in Arg (P=0.003), Lys (P=0.05) and Phe (P=0.009). The plasma Gly showed a quadratic decrease (P=0.05) as the dietary Val : Lys increased. Neither plasma nor urinary urea to creatinine ratio was affected by treatment. The minimum SID Val : Lys required to maximize ADFI, ADG and G : F was estimated at 0.67 SID Val : Lys by a broken-line model, and at 0.71 SID Val : Lys by a curvilinear plateau model. The Val deficiency caused a reduction in ADFI, and Val supplementation above the requirement did not impair animal performance. In conclusion, 0.70 SID Val : Lys is suggested as the Val requirement for 8 to 14 kg individually housed pigs.

Keywords

valinelysinepigsgrowth performance
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 9 , Issue 8 , August 2015 , pp. 1312 - 1318
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

AOAC International 2000. Official methods of analysis of AOAC International, 17th edition. AOAC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.Google Scholar
Barea, R, Brossard, L, Le Floc’h, N, Primot, Y and van Milgen, J 2009. The standardized ileal digestible isoleucine-to-lysine requirement ratio may be less than fifty percent in eleven- to twenty-three-kilogram piglets. Journal of Animal Science 87, 4022–4031.Google Scholar
Bohé, J, Low, A, Wolfe, RR and Rennie, MJ 2003. Human muscle protein synthesis is modulated by extracellular, not intramuscular amino acid availability: a dose-response study. The Journal of Physiology 552, 315–324.Google Scholar
Boisen, S 2003. Ideal dietary amino acid profiles for pigs. In Amino acids in animal nutrition (ed. J D’Mello), pp. 157–168. CABI, Wallingford, UK.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boisen, S, Hvelplund, T and Weisbjerg, MR 2000. Ideal amino acid profiles as a basis for feed protein evaluation. Livestock Production Science 64, 239–251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, JA and Cline, TR 1974. Urea excretion in the pig: an indicator of protein quality and amino acid requirements. The Journal of Nutrition 104, 542–545.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BSAS 2003. Nutrient requirement standards for pigs. British Society of Animal Science, 28pp.Google Scholar
de Haer, LCM, Luiting, P and Aarts, HLM 1993. Relations among individual (residual) feed intake, growth performance and feed intake pattern of growing pigs in group housing. Livestock Production Science 36, 233–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dean, DW, Southern, LL, Kerr, BJ and Bidner, TD 2005. Isoleucine requirement of 80- to 120-kilogram barrows fed corn-soybean meal or corn-blood cell diets. Journal of Animal Science 83, 2543–2553.Google Scholar
Dourmad, JY, Guingand, N, Latimier, P and Sève, B 1999. Nitrogen and phosphorus consumption, utilisation and losses in pig production: France. Livestock Production Science 58, 199–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
European Commission 1998. Commission Directive 98/64/EC of 3 September 1998 establishing Community methods of analysis for the determination of amino-acids, crude oils and fats, and olaquindox in feedingstuffs and amending Directive 71/393/EEC. Official Journal of the European Communities, Eur-Lex. Retrieved October 28, 2014, from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/homepage.html?locale=en Google Scholar
Figueroa, JL, Lewis, AJ, Miller, PS, Fischer, RL and Diedrichsen, RM 2003. Growth, carcass traits, and plasma amino acid concentrations of gilts fed low-protein diets supplemented with amino acids including histidine, isoleucine, and valine. Journal of Animal Science 81, 1529–1537.Google Scholar
Gaines, AM, Kendall, DC, Allee, GL, Usry, JL and Kerr, BJ 2011. Estimation of the standardized ileal digestible valine-to-lysine ratio in 13- to 32-kilogram pigs. Journal of Animal Science 89, 736–742.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gloaguen, M, Le Floc’h, N, Corrent, E, Primot, Y and van Milgen, J 2012. Providing a diet deficient in valine but with excess leucine results in a rapid decrease in feed intake and modifies the postprandial plasma amino acid and α-keto acid concentrations in pigs. Journal of Animal Science 90, 3135–3142.Google Scholar
Gloaguen, M, Le Floc’h, N, Brossard, L, Barea, R, Primot, Y, Corrent, E and van Milgen, J 2011. Response of piglets to the valine content in diet in combination with the supply of other branched-chain amino acids. Animal 5, 1734–1742.Google Scholar
Gloaguen, M, Le Floc’h, N and van Milgen, J 2013. Couverture des besoins en acides aminés chez le porcelet alimenté avec des régimes à basse teneur en protéines. INRA Prod. Anim 26, 277–288.Google Scholar
Hansen, MJ, Nørgaard, JV, Adamsen, APS and Poulsen, HD 2014. Effect of reduced crude protein on ammonia, methane, and chemical odorants emitted from pig houses. Livestock Science 169, 118–124.Google Scholar
Harper, AE, Miller, RH and Block, KP 1984. Branched chain amino acid metabolism. Annual Review of Nutrition 4, 409–454.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaneko, JJ, Harvey, JW and Bruss, ML 1998. Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals, 5th edition. Veterinary Research Communications 22, 293–294.Google Scholar
Mavromichalis, I, Webel, DM, Emmert, JL, Moser, RL and Baker, DH 1998. Limiting order of amino acids in a low-protein corn-soybean meal-whey-based diet for nursery pigs. Journal of Animal Science 76, 2833–2837.Google Scholar
Nørgaard, JV and Fernández, JA 2009. Isoleucine and valine supplementation of crude protein-reduced diets for pigs aged 5–8 weeks. Animal Feed Science and Technology 154, 248–253.Google Scholar
Nørgaard, JV, Hansen, MJ, Soumeh, EA, Adamsen, APS and Poulsen, HD 2014. Effect of protein level on performance, nitrogen utilisation and carcass composition in finisher pigs. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A – Animal Science 64, 1–7.Google Scholar
Nielsen, BL, Lawrence, AB and Whittemore, CT 1996. Effect of individual housing on the feeding behaviour of previously group housed growing pigs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 47, 149–161.Google Scholar
NRC 2012. Nutrient Requirements of Swine. National Academy Press, Washington, USA.Google Scholar
Parr, TM, Kerr, BJ and Baker, DH 2003. Isoleucine requirement of growing (25 to 45 kg) pigs. Journal of Animal Science 81, 745–752.Google Scholar
Parr, TM, Kerr, BJ and Baker, DH 2004. Isoleucine requirement for late-finishing (87 to 100 kg) pigs. Journal of Animal Science 82, 1334–1338.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pedersen, C and Boisen, S 2001. Studies on the response time for plasma urea nitrogen as a rapid measure for dietary protein quality in pigs. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A – Animal Science 51, 209–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robbins, KR, Saxton, AM and Southern, LL 2006. Estimation of nutrient requirements using broken-line regression analysis. Journal of Animal Science 84, E155–E165.Google Scholar
Soumeh, EA, van Milgen, J, Sloth, NM, Corrent, E, Poulsen, HD and Nørgaard, JV 2014. The optimum ratio of standardized ileal digestible isoleucine to lysine for 8 to 19 kg pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 198, 158–165.Google Scholar
Tybirk, P, Sloth, NM and Jørgensen, L 2012. Nutrient requirements. Retrieved on August 10, 2012, from http://www.pigresearchcentre.dk/About%20us/Nutrient%20standards.aspx Google Scholar
Van Milgen, J, Gloaguen, M, Le Floc’h, N, Brossard, L, Primot, Y and Corrent, E 2013. Meta-analysis of the response of growing pigs to valine content of the diet. In Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition in sustainable animal production (ed. JW Oltjen, E Kebreab and H Lapierre), No. 134, pp 339–340. Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Waguespack, AM, Bidner, TD, Payne, RL and Southern, LL 2012. Valine and isoleucine requirement of 20- to 45-kilogram pigs. Journal of Animal Science 90, 2276–2284.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wiltafsky, MK, Bartelt, J, Relandeau, C and Roth, FX 2009. Estimation of the optimum ratio of standardized ileal digestible isoleucine to lysine for eight- to twenty-five-kilogram pigs in diets containing spray-dried blood cells or corn gluten feed as a protein source. Journal of Animal Science 87, 2554–2564.Google Scholar