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Resistant starch reduces large intestinal pH and promotes fecal lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in pigs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 May 2018

B. U. Metzler-Zebeli ,
N. Canibe ,
L. Montagne ,
J. Freire ,
P. Bosi ,
J. A. M. Prates ,
S. Tanghe  and
P. Trevisi
B. U. Metzler-Zebeli*
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
N. Canibe
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
L. Montagne
Affiliation:
PEGASE, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France
J. Freire
Affiliation:
LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
P. Bosi
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural and Food Science (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
J. A. M. Prates
Affiliation:
CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
S. Tanghe
Affiliation:
Nutritional Solutions Divisions, Nutrition Sciences N.V., 9031 Ghent, Belgium
P. Trevisi
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural and Food Science (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
*
†E-mail: barbara.metzler@vetmeduni.ac.at
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Abstract

Dietary resistant starch (RS) may have prebiotic properties but its effects on fermentation and the microbial population are inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to quantify the relationship between RS type 2 (RS2) and intestinal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and pH as well as certain key bacterial taxa for intestinal health in pigs. From the 24 included articles with sufficient information about the animal, and dietary and physiological measurements published between 2000 and 2017, individual sub-data sets for fermentation metabolites, pH, bacterial abundances and apparent total tract digestibility were built and used to parameterize prediction models on the effect of RS2, accounting for inter- and intra-study variability. In addition, the effect of pig’s BW at the start of the experiment and duration of the experimental period on response variables were also evaluated using backward elimination analysis. Dietary RS levels ranged from 0% to 78.0% RS, with median and mean RS levels of 28.8% and 23.0%, respectively. Negative relationships could be established between dietary RS and pH in the large intestine (P<0.05), with a stronger effect in the mid and distal colon, and feces (R2=0.64 to 0.81; P<0.001). A dietary level of 15% RS would lower the pH in the proximal, mid-, distal colon and feces by 0.2, 0.6, 0.4 and 0.6 units, respectively. Increasing RS levels, however, did not affect SCFA concentrations in the hindgut, but enhanced the molar proportion of propionate in mid-colon and reduced those of acetate in mid-colon and of butyrate in mid- and distal colon (R2=0.46 to 0.52; P<0.05). Backward elimination indicated an age-related decrease in mid-colonic propionate proportion and increase in mid- and distal colonic butyrate proportion (P<0.05), thereby modulating RS2 effects. In feces, increasing RS levels promoted fecal lactobacilli (R2=0.46; P<0.01) and bifidobacteria (R2=0.57; P<0.01), whereby the slope showed the need for a minimal RS level of 10% for a 0.5 log unit-increase in their abundance. Best-fit equations further supported that a longer experimental period increased fecal lactobacilli but decreased fecal bifidobacteria (P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary RS2 seems to effectively decrease digesta pH throughout the large intestine and increase lactic acid-producing bacteria in feces of pigs which may limit the growth of opportunistic pathogens in the hindgut. To achieve these physiologically relevant changes, dietary RS should surpass 10% to 15%.

Keywords

resistant starch type 2gastrointestinal tractmeta-analysislactic acid-producing bacteriashort-chain fatty acids
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 13 , Issue 1 , January 2019 , pp. 64 - 73
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2018 

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