Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T19:40:19.457Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A yield-macro model for actuarial use in the United Kingdom

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 May 2014

Şule Şahin*
Affiliation:
Department of Actuarial Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
Andrew J.G. Cairns
Affiliation:
Department of Actuarial Mathematics and Statistics, Heriot-Watt University and Maxwell Institute, EH14 4AS Edinburgh, UK
Torsten Kleinow
Affiliation:
Department of Actuarial Mathematics and Statistics, Heriot-Watt University and Maxwell Institute, EH14 4AS Edinburgh, UK
A. David Wilkie
Affiliation:
Department of Actuarial Mathematics and Statistics, Heriot-Watt University and Maxwell Institute, EH14 4AS Edinburgh, UK
*
*Correspondence to: Şule Şahin, Department of Actuarial Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. Tel: +90 3122976160; Fax: +90 2977998/142; E-mail: sule@hacettepe.edu.tr

Abstract

We construct yield curve models for the UK nominal, real and implied inflation spot rates considering the linkage between their term structures and some macroeconomic variables, in particular, realised inflation and real GDP growth. The paper extends the benchmark “yield-only” model proposed by Şahin et al. (2014) by exploring the bidirectional relations between the yield curve factors and the macroeconomic variables and proposes a “yield-macro” model. Although a simple autoregressive order one process fits the yield curve factors quite well the insertion of some macroeconomic variables such as realised inflation and real GDP growth improves the models significantly. We also model macroeconomic variables that take the term structures into account and compare the yield-macro model with Wilkie’s model both philosophically and empirically.

Type
Papers
Copyright
© Institute and Faculty of Actuaries 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ang, A. & Bekaert, G. (2003). The term structure of real rates and expected inflation, Columbia University and NBER Working Paper No. 12930, Columbia University and NBER, New York.Google Scholar
Ang, A. & Piazzesi, M. (2001). A no-arbitrage vector autoregression of term structure dynamics with macroeconomic and latent variables, manuscript, Columbia University, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ang, A. & Piazzesi, M. (2003). A no-arbitrage vector autoregression of term structure dynamics with macroeconomic and latent variables. Journal of Monetary Economics, 50, 745787.Google Scholar
Ang, A., Piazzesi, M. & Wei, M. (2006). What does the yield curve tell us about GDP growth? Journal of Econometrics, 131, 359403.Google Scholar
Cairns, A.J.G. (1998). Descriptive bond yield and forward-rate models for the British government securities’ market. British Actuarial Journal, 4(2), 265321 and 350–383.Google Scholar
Chen, N.F. (1991). Financial investment opportunities and the macroeconomy. Journal of Finance, 46, 529554.Google Scholar
Clarida, R., Gali, J. & Gertler, M. (2000). Monetary policy rules and macroeconomic stability: evidence and some theory. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 65, 147180.Google Scholar
Dewachter, H. & Lyrio, M. (2006). Macro factors and the term structure of interest rates. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 38(1), 119140.Google Scholar
Diebold, F.X. & Li, C. (2006). Forecasting the term structure of government bond yields. Journal of Econometrics, 130, 337364.Google Scholar
Diebold, F.X., Piazzesi, M. & Rudebusch, G.D. (2004). Modelling bond yields in finance and macroeconomics. American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Review, American Economic Association, 95(2), 415420.Google Scholar
Diebold, F.X., Rudebusch, G.D. & Aruoba, S.B. (2006). The macroeconomy and the yield curve: a dynamic latent factor approach. Journal of Econometrics, 131, 309338.Google Scholar
Estrella, A. & Hardouvelis, G. (1991). The term structure as a predictive of real economic activity. Journal of Finance, 46, 555576.Google Scholar
Evans, C.L. & Marshall, D. (1998). Monetary policy and the term structure of nominal interest rates: evidence and theory. Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 49, 53111.Google Scholar
Evans, C.L. & Marshall, D. (2001). Economic determinants of the nominal treasury yield curve, FRB of Chicago Working Paper No. 16, FRB, Chicago.Google Scholar
Hardouvelis, G.A. & Malliaropulos, D. (2004). The yield spread as a symmetric predictor of output and inflation, Centre for Economic Policy Research Discussion Paper No. 4314, Centre for Economic Policy, London.Google Scholar
Harvey, C.R. (1988). The real term structure and consumption growth. Journal of Financial Economics, 22, 305333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, P. & Wilkie, A.D. (2000). A comparison of stochastic asset models, Proceedings of the 10th International AFIR Colloquium, Tromso, Norway, pp. 447–445.Google Scholar
Lildholdt, P., Panigirtzoglou, N. & Peacock, C. (2007). An-affine macro-factor model of the UK yield curve, Bank of England Working Paper No. 322, Bank of England, London.Google Scholar
Nelson, C.R. & Siegel, A.F. (1987). Parsimonious modelling of yield curves. Journal of Business, 60, 473489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rudebusch, G.D. & Wu, T. (2008). A macro-finance model of the term structure, monetary policy and the economy. Economic Journal, 118, 906926.Google Scholar
OECD. (2013). http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?QueryId=350# (accessed 5 February 2013).Google Scholar
Sahin, S., Cairns, A.J.G., Kleinow, T. & Wilkie, A.D. (2008). Revisiting the Wilkie Investment Model. Proceedings of the 18th AFIR Coloquium, Rome, Italy.Google Scholar
Sahin, S. (2010). Stochastic Investment Models for Actuarial Use in the UK. PhD thesis (unpublished), Heriot-Watt Univeristy, Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Şahin, S., Cairns, A.J.G., Kleinow, T. & Wilkie, A.D. (2014). A yield-only model for the term structure of interest rates. Annals of Actuarial Science, 8, 99130. doi:10.1017/S1748499513000146.Google Scholar
Taylor, J.B. (1993). Discretion versus policy rules in practice. Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 39, 195214.Google Scholar
Thomson, R.J. (1996). Stochastic investment models: the case of South Africa. British Actuarial Journal, 2(3), 765801.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilkie, A.D. (1986). A stochastic investment model for actuarial use. Transactions of the Faculty of Actuaries, 39, 341403.Google Scholar
Wilkie, A.D. (1995). More on a stochastic asset model for actuarial use. British Actuarial Journal, 1, 777964.Google Scholar
Wilkie, A.D., Sahin, S., Cairns, A.J.G. & Kleinow, T. (2010). Yet more on a stochastic economic model: part 1: updating and refitting, 1995 to 2009. Annals of Actuarial Science, 5(1), 5399.Google Scholar
Wilkie, A.D., Waters, H.R. & Yang, S. (2003). Reserving, pricing and hedging for policies with guaranteed annuity options. British Actuarial Journal, 9(Part II, 41), 263425.Google Scholar
Yang, S. (2001). Reserving, Pricing and Hedging for Guaranteed Annuity Options. PhD thesis (unpublished), Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh.Google Scholar