Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T17:27:19.615Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Effects of scheme default insurance on decisions and financial outcomes in defined benefit pension schemes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2013

Adam Butt*
Affiliation:
College of Business and Economics, Australian National University, Australia
*
*Correspondence to: Adam Butt BCom PhD FIAA, Lecturer, Research School of Finance, Actuarial Studies and Applied Statistics, College of Business and Economics, Australian National University, ACT Australia 0200 E-mail: adam.butt@anu.edu.au

Abstract

A simulation investigation of the effect of default insurance on the optimal equity allocation and deficit spread period of a model defined benefit pension scheme is performed, using the old and new frameworks of the Pension Protection Fund in the U.K. as a starting point. The old default insurance levy framework encourages an increase in the allocation to equities, creating an indirect effect of increased deficits. The new framework reverses the effect to a reduction in the allocation to equities, thus reducing deficits. In addition the gaming element of default insurance is investigated and found to significantly increase optimal equity allocation and deficit spread period, leading to a significant increase in deficits.

Type
Papers
Copyright
Copyright © Institute and Faculty of Actuaries 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Blake, D. (2006). Pension Finance. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester.Google Scholar
Blome, S., Fachinger, K., Franzen, D., Scheuenstuhl, G., Yermo, J. (2007). Pension Fund Regulation and Risk Management. OECD Working Papers on Insurance and Private Pensions, No. 8, OECD Publishing.Google Scholar
Butt, A. (2011a). Management of closed defined benefit superannuation schemes – an investigation using simulations. Australian Actuarial Journal, 17(1), 2587.Google Scholar
Butt, A. (2011b). Causes of defined benefit pension scheme funding ratio volatility and average contribution rates. Annals of Actuarial Science, 6(1), 76102.Google Scholar
Chang, S.C. (1999). Optimal pension funding through dynamic simulations: the case of Taiwan public employees retirement system. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, 24(3), 187199.Google Scholar
Crossley, T., Jametti, M. (2011). Pension benefit insurance and pension plan portfolio choice. Review Economics and Statistics, forthcoming.Google Scholar
Gold, J. (2005). Accounting/Actuarial bias enables equity investment by defined benefit pension plans. North American Actuarial Journal, 9(3), 121.Google Scholar
Gosavi, A. (2010). Simulation-Based Optimization: Parametric Optimization Techniques and Reinforcement Learning. Springer Publishing.Google Scholar
Haberman, S., Day, C., Fogarty, D., Khorasanee, M.Z., McWhirter, M., Nash, N., Ngwira, B., Wright, I.D., Yakoubov, Y. (2003). A stochastic approach to risk management and decision making in defined benefit pension schemes. British Actuarial Journal, 9(3), 493618.Google Scholar
Hibicki, N. (2003). A hybrid simulation/tree stochastic optimization model for dynamic asset allocation. In: Scherer, B. (Ed.), Asset and Liability Management Tools: A Handbook for Best Practice. Risk Books, 269294.Google Scholar
Huber, P.P. (1997). A review of Wilkie's stochastic asset model. British Actuarial Journal, 3(1), 181210.Google Scholar
McCarthy, D., Miles, D. (2007). Optimal portfolio allocation for pension funds in the presence of background risk. Unpublished paper.Google Scholar
Milliman (2012). 2012 Pension Funding Study.Google Scholar
Niehaus, G.R. (1990). The PBGC's flat fee schedule, moral hazard, and promised pension benefits. Journal of Banking and Finance, 14, 5568.Google Scholar
Owadally, M.I., Haberman, S. (1999). Pension fund dynamics and gains/losses due to random rates of investment return. North American Actuarial Journal, 3(3), 105117.Google Scholar
Pension Protection Fund and Pensions Regulator, The. (2012). The Purple Book – DB Pensions Universe Risk Profile.Google Scholar
Pension Protection Fund. (2010a). Determination under Section 175(5) of the Pensions Act 2004 in respect of the financial year 1 April 2011 – 31 March 2012. 17 December 2010.Google Scholar
Pension Protection Fund. (2010b). The Pension Protection Levy: A New Framework – Consultation Document Annex D. October 2010.Google Scholar
Pension Protection Fund. (2011). The 2012/13 Pension Protection Levy Consultation Document. September 2011.Google Scholar
Ralfe, J., Speed, C., Palin, J. (2004). Pensions and capital structure: Why hold equities in the pension fund? North American Actuarial Journal, 8(3), 103113.Google Scholar
Redington (2010). The introduction of investment risk as a risk factor in the formula of the Risk-Based Levy. Report to the Board of the Pension Protection Fund.Google Scholar
Shapiro, A.F. (2005). Pension funding: A historical perspective. Society of Actuaries.Google Scholar
Sharpe, W.F. (1976). Corporate pension funding policy. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(June), 183194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, A.D. (1996). How actuaries can use financial economics. British Actuarial Journal, 2(5), 10571194.Google Scholar
Stewart, F. (2007). Benefit Security Pension Fund Guarantee Schemes. OECD Working Papers on Insurance and Private Pensions, No. 5, OECD Publishing.Google Scholar
Sutcliffe, C.M.S. (2004). Pension Scheme Asset Allocation with Taxation Arbitrage, Risk Sharing and Default Insurance. British Actuarial Journal, 10(5), 11111131.Google Scholar
Taylor, G. (2002). Stochastic control of funding systems. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, 30(3), 323350.Google Scholar
Treynor, J. (1977). The principles of corporate pension finance. Journal of Finance, 32, 627638.Google Scholar
Whitten, S.P., Thomas, R.G. (1999). A non-linear stochastic asset model for actuarial use. British Actuarial Journal, 5(5), 919953.Google Scholar
Wilkie, A.D. (1995). More on a stochastic investment model for actuarial use. British Actuarial Journal, 1(5), 777964.Google Scholar