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Cryptic species, biogeographic complexity and the evolutionary history of the Ectemnorhinus group in the sub-Antarctic, including a description of Bothrometopus huntleyi, n. sp.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 February 2011

G.C. Grobler ,
A.D.S. Bastos ,
A.M. Treasure  and
S.L. Chown
G.C. Grobler
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
A.D.S. Bastos
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
A.M. Treasure
Affiliation:
Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
S.L. Chown*
Affiliation:
Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
*
*Corresponding author: slchown@sun.ac.za
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Abstract

The biogeography of the South Indian Ocean Province (SIP) biotas has long been controversial. Much of the discussion has been based on interpretation of species distributions, based on morphological or anatomical delimitations. However, molecular phylogenetic approaches elsewhere have recently shown that interpretations based solely on morphological data may be misleading. Nonetheless, few studies have employed molecular phylogenetic approaches to understand the biogeography of the SIP biotas. We do so here for the Ectemnorhinus group of genera, a monophyletic unit of weevils endemic to the region. We use mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I DNA sequence data to reconstruct relationships among 13 species and 22 populations in the genera Palirhoeus, Bothrometopus and Ectemnorhinus. On the basis of this analysis we find little support for separating the genus Palirhoeus from Bothrometopus, and little support for the morphologically-based species groups currently recognized within Bothrometopus. Using a molecular clock we show that dispersal among islands probably took place against the prevailing wind direction. These data also support a previous hypothesis of radiation of the epilithic genera Bothrometopus and Palirhoeus during the Pliocene/early Pleistocene, but reject the hypothesis that the genus Ectemnorhinus radiated following the last glacial maximum. We show that Bothrometopus parvulus (C.O. Waterhouse) on the Prince Edward Islands comprises two species that are not sister taxa. We name the second species Bothrometopus huntleyi n. sp. and provide a description thereof.

Keywords

ColeopteraCurculionidaedispersalevolutionphylogenySouthern Ocean islandsspeciation
Type
Biological Sciences
Information
Antarctic Science , Volume 23 , Issue 3 , June 2011 , pp. 211 - 224
Copyright
Copyright © Antarctic Science Ltd 2011

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