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A primer to metabarcoding surveys of Antarctic terrestrial biodiversity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 September 2016

Paul Czechowski Open the ORCID record for Paul Czechowski [Opens in a new window] ,
Laurence J. Clarke ,
Alan Cooper  and
Mark I. Stevens
Paul Czechowski*
Affiliation:
Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia Antarctic Biological Research Initiative, 31 Jobson Road, Bolivar, SA 5110, Australia
Laurence J. Clarke
Affiliation:
Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia Australian Antarctic Division, Channel Highway, Kingston, TAS 7050, Australia Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 80, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
Alan Cooper
Affiliation:
Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
Mark I. Stevens
Affiliation:
South Australian Museum, GPO Box 234, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
*
paul.czechowski@abiori.org
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Abstract

Ice-free regions of Antarctica are concentrated along the coastal margins but are scarce throughout the continental interior. Environmental changes, including the introduction of non-indigenous species, increasingly threaten these unique habitats. At the same time, the unique biotic communities subsisting in isolation across the continent are difficult to survey due to logistical constraints, sampling challenges and problems related to the identification of small and cryptic taxa. Baseline biodiversity data from remote Antarctic habitats are still missing for many parts of the continent but are critical to the detection of community changes over time, including newly introduced species. Here we review the potential of standardized (non-specialist) sampling in the field (e.g. from soil, vegetation or water) combined with high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of bulk DNA as a possible solution to overcome some of these problems. In particular, HTS metabarcoding approaches benefit from being able to process many samples in parallel, while workflow and data structure can stay highly uniform. Such approaches have quickly gained recognition and we show that HTS metabarcoding surveys are likely to play an important role in continent-wide biomonitoring of all Antarctic terrestrial habitats.

Keywords

biomonitoringconservationcryptic taxahigh-throughput sequencinginvasive taxa

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Antarctic Science , Volume 29 , Issue 1 , February 2017 , pp. 3 - 15
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© Antarctic Science Ltd 2016 

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