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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 April 2011
The historical circumstances of Lord Castlemaine's embassy are well known. James II, as the Roman Catholic monarch of Britain, wished to pay his respects to the Pope, Innocent XI, and to secure a papal ambassadorial representative to his kingdom. There must have been further urgent requests of a political nature. He sent Lord Castlemaine as ambassador, the husband of Barbara Villiers. The Pope was made anxious by the close ties of James with Louis XIV and was not eager to receive him; a private audience at the Vatican was granted on 19 April 1686 not long after his arrival. The public entry, postponed owing to the indisposition of the Pope, did not take place until 8 January 1687.
14 All references are to the English edition unless otherwise stated. Th e figures on the full page illustrations wer e inserted by the engraver. Preface.
15 Ragguaglio delta solenne comparsa Fatta in Roma gli otto do gennaio MDCLXXXVII dall' illu-strissimo … Conte de Castlemaine Ambasciadore straordinario… di Giacomo secondo Re' d'Inghilterra … alla same sede Apostolica, … all' udienza della santità … Papa Innocenze undecimo.
16 Preface.
17 Macaulay, T. B., The History of England from the Accession of James II, 5 vols. (London, 1849-1861), v (1858), ch. vii, 530.Google Scholar
18 Burnet, G., A History of His Own Time, second edition, 6 vols. (London, 1833), III, 165.Google Scholar
19 Ellis, John, The Ellis Correspondence. Letters 1686-8, Ellis, G. A. (ed.), 2 vols. (London, 1829), 1, 298.Google Scholar
20 21.
21 Figs. 3,4,5.
22 33ff.
23 49, 48.
24 Figs. 6, 7, 8.
25 70.
26 83.
27 Figs. 1 and 2.
28 24ff.
29 27.
30 Italian edition, 37.
31 48ff.
32 Fig. 9.
33 54.
34 Figs. 11, 12, 13, 14, 15.
35 57ff.
36 Fig. 10.
37 65.
38 Burnet, , op. cit. (note 18), 84.Google Scholar
39 Ibid., 164.
40 Ellis, , op. cit. (note 19), 1, 298.Google Scholar