Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T06:45:05.589Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Two Documented Hoards Of Treasure

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 April 2011

Kenneth S. Painter  and
Ernst Künzl
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

There has been much discussion by archaeologists in recent years of the reasons for which ancient hoards may have been deposited and not recovered. There is an apparently clear Roman definition of treasure in the Digest: Thesaurus est vetus quaedam depositio pecuniae, cuius non extat memoria ut iam dominum non habeat. There have been increasing difficulties, however, in interpreting this statement and the versions of it which have been incorporated into modern law. In England and Wales, for example, the uncertainties have even led to a replacement of the medieval law of Treasure Trove with a Treasure Act more suited to present-day conditions. In spite of the fact that most discoveries of treasure were made by chance, without adequate records, much of the argument revolves round the details of the deposits, from which attempts are made to infer the motives of those who made them. This speculation cannot be supported by direct evidence, and so, because our own particular interest is in hoards of Roman silver plate, we felt that it might be helpful first to review briefly some of the ancient documentary evidence for hoards of silver plate which the owner intended to recover, from literature and papyri, and then to publish two such hoards with detailed documentation, one from England in the seventeenth century and one from Germany in the twentieth century, which reveal some of the motives, hopes, actions and accidents which actually occur in such circumstances.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Antiquaries Journal , Volume 77 , March 1997 , pp. 291 - 325
Copyright
Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alfoldi, M.-R. (ed.) 1979. Studien zu Fundmünzen der Anlike, BerlinGoogle Scholar
Arnold, U. 1994. Dresdner Hofsilber Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden, Kulturstiftung der Länder, Freistaat Sachsen, Berlin and DresdenGoogle Scholar
Aubrey, J. 1898. Brief Lives (ed. Clark, A.), 2 vols., OxfordGoogle Scholar
Baratte, F. 1992. ‘Les trésors de temples dans le monde romain: une expression particuliere de la piete’, in Boyd and Mango 1992, 111–21Google Scholar
Baratte, F. 1993. La vaisselle d'argent en Gaule dans l'antiquité tardive, ParisGoogle Scholar
BGU, 1895. Berliner griechische Urkunden (Ägyptische Urkunden aus den Königlichen Museen zu Berlin), BerlinGoogle Scholar
Bill, J. 1985. ‘Zur Fundsituation der frühbronzezeitlichen Horte Mels-Rossheld, Gams-Gasenzen und Salez im Kanton St Gallen’, Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt, 15, 25–9Google Scholar
Blair, C. (ed.) 1987. The History of Silver, LondonGoogle Scholar
Bland, R. 1996. ‘Treasure Trove and the case for reform’ Art, Antiquity and the Law, I, 11–25Google Scholar
Bland, R. and Aydemir, P. 1991. ‘The Haydere hoard and other hoards of the mid-third century from Turkey’ in Lightfoot 1991, 91–180Google Scholar
Bland, R. and Johns, C.M. 1993. The Hoxne Treasure: An Illustrated Introduction, LondonGoogle Scholar
Bowman, A.K. 1994. Life and Letters on the Roman Frontier: Vindolanda and its People, LondonGoogle Scholar
Boyd, S.A., and Mango, M.M. (eds.) 1992. Ecclesiastical Silver Plate in Sixth-Century Byzantium, Dumbarton OaksGoogle Scholar
Bradley, R. 1990. The Passage of Arms: An Archaeological Analysis of Prehistoric Hoards and Votive Deposits, CambridgeGoogle Scholar
Bury, S. 1987 ‘The nineteenth and early twentieth centuries’ in Blair 1987, 156–95Google Scholar
Callu, J.-P. 1979. ‘Cachettes multiples monetaires (IIIv–IVv s.)’ in Alfoldi 1979, 5–16Google Scholar
Casey, J., and Reece, R. (eds.) 1988. Coins and the Archaeologist, LondonGoogle Scholar
Cheesman, C. 1996. ‘Religious offerings and the intention to recover in the law of Treasure Trove’, Art, Antiquity and Law, I, 1, 27–36Google Scholar
Cookson, N. 1992. ‘Treasure Trove: dumb enchantment or new law’, Antiquity, 66, 399–403CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cottam, S., Dungworth, D., Scott, S., and Taylor, J. (eds.) 1994 TRAC 94. Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference … Durham 1994, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Crawford, M. 1969. ‘Coin hoards and the pattern of violence in the late Republic’, Pap. Brit. Sch. Rome, 37, 76–81CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drexel, F. 1921/1922. ‘Ein ägyptisches Silberinventar der Kaiserzeit’, Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archdologischen Instituts, Römische Abteilung, 36/1, 34–57Google Scholar
Diemer, G. 1985. ‘Urnenfelderzeitliche Depotfunde und neue Grabungsfunde vom Bullenheimer Berg: ein Vorbericht’, Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt, 15, 55–65Google Scholar
Duncan, G. 1993. Coin circulation in the Danubian and Balkan provinces of the Roman Empire AD 294–578, Roy. Numis. Soc. Special Publication no. 26, LondonGoogle Scholar
Furger-Gunti, A. 1982. ‘Der ‘Goldfund von Saint-Louis’ bei Basel, und ähnliche keltische Schatzfunde’, Zeitschrift für Schweizerische Archäologie und Kunstgeschichte, 39, 1–47Google Scholar
Geißlinger, H. 1984. ‘Depotfund, Hortfund’ in Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (ed. Hoops, J.), 5, Berlin, 320–38Google Scholar
Gjongecaj, S., and Nicolet-Pierre, H. 1995. ‘Le monnayage d'argent d'Égine et le trésor de Hollm (Albanie) 1991’, Bull. Correspondance Hellénique, 119, 283–338Google Scholar
Glanville, P. 1990. Silver in Tudor and Early Stuart England: a Social History and Catalogue of the National Collection 1480–1660, Victoria and Albert Museum, LondonGoogle Scholar
Guest, P. 1994. ‘Coin circulation and the Marcomannic Wars (a review)’, Studies on Settlement Life in Ancient Thrace, Proceedings of the Third International Symposium ‘Cabyle’, 17–23 May 1993, Jambol, Jambol, 347–60Google Scholar
Haselgrove, C.C. 1993. ‘The development of British Iron Age coinage’, Numis. Chron., 31–64Google Scholar
Haus, Wettin, 1997. Der Schatz der Wettiner. Die Moritzburger Funde. Dokumente, Fundbericht, Katalog. Herausgegben vom Haus Wettin. Sonderausstellung 16 Mai-26 Oktober 1997 im Georgenbau des Dresdner Residenzschlosses, LeipzigGoogle Scholar
Heilmeyer, W.-D., La Rocca, E., and Martin, H. G. (eds.) 1988. Kaiser Augustus und die verlorene Republik, Eine Ausstellung im Martin-Gropius-Bau, Berlin, 7. Juni-4. August 1988, BerlinGoogle Scholar
Hellenkemper, H. 1992. ‘Ecclesiastical silver hoards and their findspots: implications for the treasure found at Korydalla, Lycia’, in Boyd and Mango 1992, 65–70Google Scholar
Hill, G. 1936. Treasure Trove in Law and Practice, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Janssenn, W. 1985. ‘Hortfunde der jüngeren Bronzezeit aus Nordbayern: Einführung in die Problematik’, Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt, 15, 45–54Google Scholar
Johns, C.M. 1994. ‘Romano-British precious metal hoards: some comments on Martin Milieu's paper’, in Cottam et al. 1994,107–17CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kent, J.P.C. 1988. ‘Interpreting coin-finds’, in Casey and Reece 1988, 201–23Google Scholar
Kretschmann, G. 1995. Das Silber der Wettiner. Eine Schatzsuche zwischen Moskau und New York, BerlinGoogle Scholar
Künzl, E. 1988. ‘Germanien und Rom – Katalog’, in Heilmeyer et al. 1988, 552–605Google Scholar
Kunzl, E. 1993. Die Alamannenbeute aus dem Rhein bei Neupotz. Plünderungsgut aus dem römischen Gallien. Mit Beiträgen von S. Alföldy-Thomas u.a. Monographien Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseums 34, 1–4, MainzGoogle Scholar
Künzl, E. forthcoming 1997. ‘Tempelschätze und Sakralinventare: Votive, Horte, Beute’, in Baratte, F., Johns, C. M. and Painter, K. S. (eds.), Proceedings of the London meeting, March, 1995, in Antiquité TardiveCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Künzl, S., and Künzl, E. 1993. ‘Der Fund von Neupotz: Die historische Momentaufnahme der Plünderung einer römischen Domäne in Gallien’, in Künzl 1993, 473–504Google Scholar
Latham, R., and Matthews, W. (eds). 1970a. The Diary of Samuel Pepys, I, 1660, LondonGoogle Scholar
Latham, R., and Matthews, W. (eds). 1970b. The Diary of Samuel Pepys, II, 1661, LondonGoogle Scholar
Latham, R., and Matthews, W. (eds). 1970c. The Diary of Samuel Pepys, III, 1662, LondonGoogle Scholar
Latham, R., and Matthews, W. (eds). 1971a. The Diary of Samuel Pepys, IV, 1663, LondonGoogle Scholar
Latham, R., and Matthews, W. (eds). 1971b. The Diary of Samuel Pepys, V, 1664, LondonGoogle Scholar
Latham, R., and Matthews, W. (eds). 1972a. The Diary of Samuel Pepys, VI, 1665, LondonGoogle Scholar
Latham, R., and Matthews, W. (eds). 1972b. The Diary of Samuel Pepys, VII, 1666, LondonGoogle Scholar
Latham, R., and Matthews, W. (eds). 1974. The Diary of Samuel Pepys, VIII, 1667, LondonGoogle Scholar
Latham, R., and Matthews, W. (eds). 1976. The Diary of Samuel Pepys, IX, 1668–9, LondonGoogle Scholar
Latham, R., and Matthews, W. (eds). 1983a. The Diary of Samuel Pepys, X, Companion, LondonCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Latham, R., and Matthews, W. (eds). 1983b. The Diary of Samuel Pepys, XI, Index, LondonCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lightfoot, C.S. (ed). 1991. Recent Turkish Coin Hoards and Other Numismatic Studies, Brit. Inst. Archaeol. Ankara, Monogr., 12, Oxbow Monogr., 7, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Mango, M.M. 1986. Silver from Early Byzantium: the Kaper Koraon and related treasures, BaltimoreGoogle Scholar
Mango, M.M. 1992. ‘The monetary value of silver revetments and objects belonging to churches, AD 300–700’, in Boyd and Mango 1992, 123–36Google Scholar
Manning, W.H. 1972. ‘Ironwork hoards in Iron Age and Roman Britain’, Britannia, 3, 224–50CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melville Jones, J.R. 1993. Testimonia Numaria. Greek and Latin Texts concerning Ancient Greek Coinage, LondonGoogle Scholar
Millett, M. 1994. ‘Treasure: interpreting Roman hoards’, in Cottam et al. 1994, 99–105CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nierhaus, R. 1969. ‘Der Silberschatz von Hildesheim. Seine Zusammensetzung und der Zeitpunkt seiner Vergrabung’, Die Kunde, 26, 52–61Google Scholar
Oexle, J. 1997. ‘Der Wettinerschatz im Walde’, Archäologie in Deutschland, 1, 36–7Google Scholar
Pauli, L. 1985. ‘Einige Anmerkungen zum Problem der Hortfunde’, Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt, 15, 95–206Google Scholar
Pernice, E., and Winter, F. 1901. Der Hildesheimer Silberfund, BerlinGoogle Scholar
Philpott, F.A., and Graham-Campbell, J. 1990. A Silver Saga; Viking Treasure from the North West, LiverpoolGoogle Scholar
Reece, R. 1988. ‘Interpreting Roman hoards’, World Archaeol., 20/2, 261–9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Regling, K. 1903. ‘Römische aurei aus dem Funde von Karnak’, Festschrift zu O. Hirschfelds sechzigstem Geburtstage, Berlin, 286–98Google Scholar
Robertson, A. S. 1988. ‘Romano-British coin hoards: their numismatic, archaeological and historical significance’, in Casey and Reece 1988, 13–38Google Scholar
Roseveare, H. 1983. ‘Finances’, in Latham and Matthews 1983a, 130–7Google Scholar
Sale, A.J.H. 1995 [1996]. ‘Ownership and use of silver in Gloucestershire, 1660–1740’, Trans. Bristol Gloucestershire Archaeol. Soc., 113, 121–50Google Scholar
Schroder, T. 1988. English Domestic Silver 1500–1900, HarmondsworthGoogle Scholar
Ševčenko, I. 1992. ‘The Sion treasure: the evidence of the inscriptions’, in Boyd and Mango 1992, 39–56Google Scholar
Sotheby's, 1996a. Silver, Gold and Fabergé: Day of Sale, Monday 13th May, 1996, at 17.00 hours and Wednesday 15th May 1996 at 10.30 hours, par le ministère de Me Claude Naville, huissier judiciaire, at Hôtel Beau-Rivage, Geneva, Geneva, 1996Google Scholar
Sotheby's, 1996b. English and Continental Silver, including the property of the descendants of Count Wilhelm von Redern: Day of Sale, Thursday 30th May 1996 at 10.30 am and 2.30 pm in the Main Galleries, 34–35 New Bond Street, London Wi, London 1996Google Scholar
Sotheby's, 1996c. English and Continental Ceramics and Glass: Day of Sale, Tuesday 4th June 1996 at 10.30 am and 2.30 pm in the Main Galleries, 34–35 New Bond Street, London Wi, London 1996Google Scholar
Sparrow, C. 1982. ‘Treasure Trove: a lawyer's view’, Antiquity, 56, 199–201CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stead, I.M. 1991. ‘The Snettisham Treasure: excavations in 1990’, Antiquity, 65, 447–65CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stevenson, J., 1987. A New Eusebius: documents illustrating the history of the Church to AD 337 (ed. Frend, W.H.C.), LondonGoogle Scholar
Syndram, D. (ed.) 1994. Das Grüne Gewölbe zu Dresden. Führer durch seine Geschichte und seine Sammlungen, Munich and BerlinGoogle Scholar
Tait, G.H. 1962. Porcelain, LondonGoogle Scholar
Thornton, D., and Cowell, M. 1996. ‘The “Armada Service”: a set of late Tudor dining silver’, Antiq. J., 76, 153–80CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ulbert, T. 1983. ‘Resafa-Sergiupolis 1976–1983’, Les Annales archéologiques arabes syriennes, 33/2, 69–82Google Scholar
Ulbert, T. 1986. Resafa II. Die Basilika des Heiligen Kreuzes in Resafa-Sergiupolis, MainzGoogle Scholar
Ulbert, T. 1990. Resafa III. Der kreuzfahrerzeitliche Silberschatz aus Resafa-Sergiupolis, MainzGoogle Scholar
von Sachsen, Ernst Heinrich 1979. Mein Lebensweg - vom Königsschloss zum Bauernhof, FrankfurtGoogle Scholar
Waringo, R. 1985. ‘Ein Hortfund von Altwies (Grossherzogtum Luxemburg) und weitere späturnenfelderzeitliche Bronzen aus dem Luxemburger Museum, Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt, 15, 31–44Google Scholar
Weder, M., and King, C.E. 1984. ‘The eastern issues of Probus’, Numis. Chron. 1984, 202–27Google Scholar
Zedelius, V. 1989. ‘Der Hildesheimer Silberschatz. Herkunft und Bestimmungsort’, Alt-Hildesheim, 60, 3–10Google Scholar