No CrossRef data available.
We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.
We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.
page 305 note 2 Hatting, Tove, ‘Er bæverens tænder benytter som redskaber i stenalderen i Danmark?’, Aarbeger 1969, 116–26.Google Scholar
page 305 note 3 See p. 307.
page 305 note 4 Hatting, op. cit., fig. 4.
page 306 note 1 Broholm, H. C., Mét. d'Ant. du Nord, 1926–1931, 115Google Scholar; K. Friis-Johansen, ibid., 1918–1919, 342 and fig. 71.
page 306 note 2 E. Schuldt, Hohen Viecheln. Ein mittelstein-zeitlicher Wohnplatz in Mecklenburg, 140 f., Taf.67. Deutsche Akad. der Wissenschaften zu Berlin Schr. d. Sect, für Vor- und Frühgeschichte, Bd.10, 1961.
page 306 note 3 e.g. at the Danish site of Bromme. See Aarbeger, 1946, 228.
page 306 note 4 Rust, A., Die alt- und mittelsteinzeitlicke Funde von Stellmoor, 185 and Taf. 81, 1. Neumünster, 1943.Google Scholar
page 306 note 5 e.g. at Star Carr and Thatcham, England; Hohen Viecheln, Germany; and Mullerup, Holmegaard, Sværdborg, Øgaarde, Lundby, Vinde-Helsinge, and Hesselbjerggaard on Zealand, Denmark.
page 307 note 1 Excavations at Star Carr, 73 f. and 91; Proc. Prehist. Soc, 1962, 355–61.
page 307 note 2 Op. cit. 116. By a slip Hatting refers to the Ingalik as Eskimos.
page 307 note 3 Osgood, Cornelius, Ingalik Material Culture. Yale Univ. Publ. in Anthropology, no. 22. Yale, 1940.Google Scholar
page 307 note 4 Ibid. 83–7.
page 307 note 5 Smyth, R. Brough, The Aborigines of Victoria, 349, London, 1878.Google Scholar
page 307 note 6 The original specimen illustrated by Brough Smyth and now in the Victoria National Museum (no. 15 56) is illustrated by Prof. Mulvaney, John in his Prehistory of Australia, ill. no. 30, London, 1969. Mulvaney also shows a parrying-shield from Victoria (ill. 31) that could well have been ornamented by such an opossum graving tool.Google Scholar
page 307 note 7 Glascote and Amington were then two villages in Warwickshire. Glascote is now part of the Borough of Tamworth and has therefore become part of Staffordshire. National grid reference of find-place, SK 221038. An account of the tore and its discovery has been published in Transactions of the South Staffordshire Archaeological and Historical Society, xi (1969–1970), pp. 1–6.Google Scholar
page 308 note 1 At the Coroner's inquest of May 1970 at Tamworth, the jury declared Mr. S. G. Bates and Mr. G. E. Croshaw to have been the joint finders.
page 308 note 2 It was by the kindness of the Director of Birmingham City Museum and Art Gallery that the tore was shown at the Society's Ballot Meeting of 14th January.
page 308 note 3 Ipswich: Owles, Elizabeth, ‘The Ipswich Gold Tores’, in Antiquity, xliii (1969), pp. 208–12CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Brailsford, J. W., ‘A Hoard of Early Iron Age Gold Tores from Ipswich’, in Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology, xxxi, Part 2 (1968), pp. 158–9.Google Scholar Snettisham: Clarke, R. R., ‘The Early Iron Age Treasure from Snettisham, Norfolk’, in Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, xx (1954), pp. 27–86, especially p. 70.Google Scholar
page 308 note 4 ‘Account of a Gold Torquis found in Needwood Forest in Staffordshire, in a Letter to the Viscount Mahon, President, from Sir Henry Ellis, K.H., Secretary’, in Archaeologia, xxxiii (1849), pp. 175–6Google Scholar; Way, Albert (ed.), Catalogue of Antiquities, Works of Art and Historical Scottish Relics Exhibited in the Museum of the Archaeological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland During their Annual Meeting held in Edinburgh, July 1836 (Edinburgh and London, 1859), pp. 37–8 and illustration. This last reference, which I owe to the kindness of Mr. R. A. Feachem, Archaeological Officer of the Ordnance Survey, says that the tore was ‘… in a wood called the Greaves, part of the Need wood Forest'. This is the only reference to Greaves Wood. On O.S. one-inch sheet 120 Greaves Wood appears in square SK 1527, while the old Needwood Forest occupies a wide area centred on SK 1624. The Needwood Forest torc belongs to H.M. the Queen in right of the Duchy of Lancaster. It is on permanent loan to the British Museum.Google Scholar
page 308 note 5 Hawkes, C. F. C., ‘The Needwood Forest Tore’, in British Museum Quarterly, xi (1936), pp. 3–4.Google Scholar
page 309 note 1 Leeds, E. T., ‘Torcs of the Early Iron Age in Britain’, in Antiquaries Journal, xiii (1933), pp. 466–8CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Sir Fox, Cyril, Pattern and Purpose: A Survey of Early Celtic Art in Britain (National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, 1958), p. 37.Google Scholar
page 309 note 2 To the Glascote type must now be added the sixth torc of the Ipswich hoard, discovered after the others but undoubtedly part of the same group, This new torc will be published by J. W. Brailsford with the rest of the Ipswich hoard.
page 309 note 3 The analysis of the Needwood Forest torc was carried out by kind permission of the Lord Chamberlain and of Mr. F. J. B. Watson, Surveyor of the Queen's Works of Art.
page 309 note 4 By Professor Jope in conversation with the writer. Similar ideas have been put forward about the terminals of the Broighter torc and about the Cairnmuir terminal: see Megaw, J. V. S., Art of theEuropean Iron Age (Adams and Dart, Bath, 1970), pp. 167–8, nos. 289 and 290.Google Scholar
page 309 note 5 The analyses of the Ipswich torcs will be published in the forthcoming definitive paper in Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society for 1972.
page 310 note 1 I am grateful to Professor S. S. Frere for drawing my attention to this difficulty.
page 310 note 2 Allen, D. F., “The Origins of Coinage in Britain: A Reappraisal’, in Frere, S. S. (ed.), Problems of the Iron Age in Southern Britain (University of London Institute of Archaeology Occasional Paper No. 11, London, n.d., 1961), p. 308, Table IV.Google Scholar
page 311 note 1 I gratefully acknowledge the help and advice freely given by the following friends and colleagues: D. F. Allen, D. E. Auden, H. Barker, J. W. Brailsford, Miss P. Butler, P. Compton, Mrs. I. Cotton, R. W. de F. Feachem, S. S. Frere, A. J. H. Gunstone, R. W. Hamilton, M. J. Hughes, Miss C. M. Johns, E. M. Jope, Miss E. Owles, Miss M. L. Salisbury, P. Shorer, Miss D. Slow, Miss C. F. Tarjan, N. Thomas, W. J. Vickers, F. J. B. Watson, Mrs. K. Weber, and A. E. Werner.
page 312 note 1 Since the exhibition, Mr. Barrett has discovereda deposit of about 60 radiate minims of c. 0·6 g. at Leighton; they are mostly, if not all, from the same pair of dies. They are clear evidence, therefore, for another period of counterfeiting c. 275–80. G.C.B., September 1971.
page 312 note 2 Barrow lies six miles west of Bury St. Edmunds.
page 312 note 3 A very similar bust, for decoration of the seat, was found in the complex of vehicles discoveredat Tri Moguili near Stara Zagora in Bulgaria in 1960. See Christo Bouiukliev, Mintcho Dimitrov, and Dimitre Nicolov, Stara Zagora, Sofia, 1965, no. 84; and Nicolov, D. in Archaeologia (1961), part 3, pp. 13 ff. The find consisted of one two-wheeled and four four-wheeled carts with other objects, discovered in a tumulus in ancient Thrace. They date from the beginning of the third century. I am indebted for this reference to my colleague G. de G. Sieveking.Google Scholar
page 314 note 1 See, for example, Walters, H. B., Catalogue of Bronzes, Greek, Etruscan and Roman in the Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities, British Museum, 1899, p. 340, nos. 2700 and 2703.Google Scholar
page 314 note 2 For the north-western provinces see Wild, J. P., ‘Clothing in the North-West Provinces of the Roman Empire’, in Bonner Jahrbücher, 168 (1968), pp. 166–240.Google Scholar
page 315 note 1 Such tapestry-woven ornaments were added separately. They have been discovered in late Roman graves in Egypt, and can be seen on the dress of the orantes on the fourth-century wall-plaster paintings from the villa at Lullingstone in Kent.
page 315 note 2 See, for example, H. B. Walters, Catalogue of Bronzes … in the British Museum, p. 340, no. 2703, a set of four from Hungary.
page 315 note 3 The bronzes are from the Karapanos Collection in the National Museum in Athens. They are described and discussed with great thoroughness by von Mercklin, E., in ‘Wagenschmuck aus derrömischen Kaiserzeit’, in Jahrbuch des deutschen archäologischen Instituts, 48 (1933), pp. 84–176. His reconstruction is to be found on p. 171.Google Scholar
page 315 note 4 Such decorated bands are known from Nicomedia (National Museum, Athens), from Trier (Trier, Provinzialmuseum), and in London (British Museum, find-place unknown). See E. von Mercklin, op. cit., pp. 169–70, and H. B. Walters, op. cit., no. 2699.
page 315 note 5 On the difficulties inherent in the earlier and cruder types of vehicle, see Piggott, S., ‘The Earliest Wheeled Vehicles and the Caucasian Evidence’, in Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society for 1968, xxxiv (1969), p. 310.Google Scholar
page 315 note 6 Such sophisticated vehicles must, of course, have existed, for their fittings are comparatively easily to be found. See, for example, Radnóti, A., ‘Einerömische Pantherstatuette aus Straubing’, in Bayerische Vorgeschichtsblätter, 28 (1963), pp. 67–96.Google Scholar
page 315 note 7 Celtic words taken into Latin: essedum, petorritum, reda, carros, carruca, pilentum, colisaturn, ploxenum; see under these names in A. Holdei, Alt-celtischer Sprachschatz. Dejbjerg carts: Klindt-Jensen, Ole, ‘Foreign Influences in Denmark'sEarly Iron Age’, in Acta Archaeologica, xx (1949), pp. 87–108.Google Scholar Anglesey chariot: Fox, C., A find of the Early Iron Age from Llyn Cerrig Bach, Anglesey (Cardiff, 1945), pp. 12–19.Google Scholar
page 316 note 1 For the technical improvements in wagons which occurred in Thrace and Moesia in the first and second centuries A.D. see A. Radnóti, op. cit., esp. pp. 94–5.
page 316 note 2 For the excellent illustrations for this paper I am indebted to P. Compton, and for the typing to Mrs. K. Weber. I must thank particularly my colleague, Miss C. Johns, for much patient and helpful discussion.
page 316 note 3 The Life and Miracles of St. William of Norwich by Thomas of Monmouth, ed. Jessopp, A. and James, M. R. (Cambridge, 1896), 135–6.Google Scholar
page 317 note 1 See my note on the ampullae from Cuckoo Lane in Colin Platt, Southampton Excavations, 1953–1969 (Leicester University Press, forthcoming).
page 317 note 2 Published by Smith, H. E. in Trans. History Soc. of Lancs. & Cheshire (1871)Google Scholar and in Smith, C. R., Collectanea Antiqua, vii (1880), 137–42. About 1887, H. E. Smith sold the ampulla to Mr. G. H. Nevinson, Recorder of the Probate Court of Leicester, from whom it descended to Mr. J. L. Nevinson, F.S.A. It is with the latter's kind permission that the ampulla is reproduced here.Google Scholar
page 317 note 3 Chronicon Abbatiae de Evesham …, ed. Macray, W. D. (Rolls s., 1863), 6–7, 32.Google Scholar
page 318 note 1 Ibid. 59–61.
page 318 note 2 St. Wistan appears to have been the only royal saint officially claimed by Evesham, : Officium Ecclesiasticum Abbatum Secundum Usum Evesha-mensis Monasterii, ed. Wilson, H. A. (Henry Bradshaw Soc., 1893), 173–4.Google Scholar
page 318 note 3 Illustrated London News, 8th March 1969, p. 25.
page 318 note 4 Found at Pickwell, Leics; Leicester Museumno. 40, 1890.
page 319 note 1 For previous brief reports on the site see Journal of Roman Studies, lvi (1966), p. 203, and Lincolnshire History and Archaeology, i, 1966, no. 1, p. 43. The corrected grid reference for the finds of 1965 and 1966 is TF 168097. The grid reference for the crown of 1968 is TF 164099, and the reference for the coin hoard is TF 165101.Google Scholar
page 319 note 2 Hockwold-cum-Wilton, : Journal of Roman Studies, xlvii (1957), p. 211, pl. 9Google Scholar; Brailsford, J. W., Guide to the Antiquities of Roman Britain (British Museum, 1958), p. 62Google Scholar, no. 10, pl. 25; Toynbee, J. M. C., Art in Roman Britain (Phaidon, 1962), p. 178Google Scholar, no. 128; Toynbee, J. M. C., Art in Britain under the Romans (Oxford, 1964), p. 339.Google Scholar Leckhampton: A. Way, ‘Notice of a Bronze Relique, Assigned to the Later Roman or the Saxon Age, Discovered at Leckhampton, Gloucestershire’, in Archaeological Journal, xii (1855), pp. 8– 21; Cheltenham Examiner for 7th November 1883 (reference kindly supplied by Mr. J. Rhodes, Deputy Curator of the City Museum and Art Gallery, Gloucester). The Cheltenham Examiner says that at that time the crown was in the British Museum. It is not there now.Google Scholar
page 320 note 1 For a full list and bibliography see Lewis, M. J. T., Temples in Roman Britain (Cambridge University Press, 1966), p. 138.Google Scholar
page 320 note 2 Information kindly supplied by Mr. R. A. G. Carson, Deputy Keeper of the Department of Coins and Medals, British Museum. The hoard will be published in full in Numismatic Chronicle for 1972.
page 320 note 3 The stamps were identified by Mr. B. R. Hartley, and the information was kindly communicated to me by Mr. G. F. Dakin.
page 320 note 4 The references are abbreviated as follows: CGP: Stansfield, J. A. and Simpson, G., Central Gaulish Potters (University of Durham, 1958)Google Scholar; Ricken/Fischer: Ricken, H. and Fischer, C., Die Bilderschüsseln der römischen Töpfer von Rheinzabern (Bonn, 1963).Google Scholar
page 321 note 1 Corder, P. and Richmond, I. A., ‘A Romano-British Interment, with Bucket and Sceptres, from Brough, East Yorkshire’, in Antiquaries Journal, xviii (1938), pp. 68–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
page 321 note 2 I must particularly acknowledge our debt to Mr. K. B. A. Knight, who with his persistent fieldwork was solely responsible for these discoveries. I must also thank for considerable help R. A. G. Carson, P. C. Compton, G. F. Dakin, B. R. Hartley, Miss C. M. Johns, P. T. H. Shorer, Mrs. K. Weber, J. B. Whitwell, and Mrs. C. M. Wilson.
page 321 note 3 TL 98148968. It was found by Mr. Maurice Dunne and presented to Norwich Castle Museum by Mr. M. D. Stammers; accession number 184.970.
page 322 note 1 Wilson (1964), pl. Ia; Kendrick (1938), pl. LXX. 2.
page 322 note 2 Op. cit. 11–14.
page 322 note 3 Smith (1925), 233–54.
page 322 note 4 Kendrick (1938), 164 ff.
page 322 note 5 Wilson (1964), 14.
page 322 note 6 Brøndsted (1924), fig. 35, top row, second from left.
page 323 note 1 Kendrick (1938), pl. LXIV.
page 323 note 2 Op. cit., pl. XLI.
page 323 note 3 Peers (1925), 255–70.
page 323 note 4 Steenbock (1965), Abb. 77.
page 323 note 5 British Museum (1923), pl. VIII.
page 323 note 6 Hill (1950), 133–4.
page 323 note 7 Blunt (1961), 49–50.
page 323 note 8 Sisam (1953), 287–348.
page 324 note 1 The bronze now forms part of the collections at the Castle Museum, Norwich. For Peddars Waysee Margary, I. D., Roman Roads in Britain (John Baker, London, 1967), p. 260. The wood was kindly identified by Mr. P. W. Lambley, B.Sc, Assistant Keeper in the Department of Natural History at the Castle Museum.Google Scholar
page 324 note 2 For the general dating of these vehicles see Venedikov, I., Le Char Thrace (Sofia, 1960), p. 248Google Scholar, whose evidence is summarized and quoted (using the Bulgarian title, I. Wenedikov, Trakijskata kolesnitza) by Radnóti, A., ‘Ein Jochbeschlag der römischen Kaiserzeit’, in Saalburg-Jahrbuch 19 (1961), pp. 18–36, esp. p. 28. The dating extends to the early fourth century on the basis of coins in the grave-mounds.Google Scholar
page 324 note 3 Previous studies include von Mercklin, E., ‘Wagenschmuck aus der römischen Kaiserzeit’, in Jahrbuch des deutschen archäologischen Instituts 48 (1933), pp. 84–176Google Scholar, esp. pp. 106 ff.; Alföldi, A., ‘Zoomorphe Bronzeaufsätze als Radabweiser auf keltisch-römischen Wagen’, in Archaeologiai Értesito, xlviii for 1935 (1936), pp. 190–216Google Scholar and 263–70; Menzel, H., Die römischen Bronzen aus Deutschland, i: Speyer (Mainz, 1960), pp. 47–9Google Scholar, and Die römischen Bronzen aus Deutschland, ii: Trier (Mainz, 1966), p. 104.Google Scholar
page 325 note 1 Gaul, K., ‘Okori Kocsik Helyreállítása’, in Archaeologiai Értesito, x (1890), pp. 97 ff., esp. the reconstruction on p. 118 of the cart from Sár-Szent-Miklósi.Google Scholar
page 325 note 2 See Menzel, op. cit. (1960), nos. 81–4.
page 325 note 3 Bulgarian carts and wagons: Venedikov, I., Le Char Thrace (Sofia, 1960)Google Scholar, esp. pl. 93. Relief from Maria-Saal am Zollfeld: Menzel, H., ‘Elfen-beinrelief mit Tensa-Darstellung im Römisch-germanischen Zentralmuseum’, in Mainzer Zeitschrift 44/5 (1949/1950), p. 60, fig. 5.Google Scholar
page 325 note 4 Boon, G. C., Roman Silchester (London, 1957), p. 211.Google Scholar
page 325 note 5 For a list of finds see Alföldi, op. cit. (1936). For the centre of manufacture see Menzel, op. cit. (1960), p. 47.
page 325 note 6 Alföldi, , op. cit. (1936), pp. 266–7.Google Scholar
page 325 note 7 Ibid., pp. 265 and 266, nos. 18 and 35, on information from C. F. C. Hawkes. The Cambridge piece, in the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, was acquired from a dealer, and there is at least a possibility, as Alföldi says, that it may have been found in Britain. Silchester: Archaeologia, lvi (1898), p. 124, fig. 5, and G. C. Boon, op. cit., p. 211.Google Scholar
page 325 note 8 Webster, G., Archaeological Journal, CXV for 1958 (1960), pp. 74–5. One of the Colchester examples (pl. LXVIII b) is in the collections of the Department of Prehistoric and Romano-British Antiquities at the British Museum. Its registration no. is 84, 12–15. l, and its height is 8 cm. Similar mounts, which must be related but which lack hooks, have been found at Wroxeter (J. P. Bushe-Fox, Excavations on the Site of the Roman Town at Wroxeter, Shropshire, in 1912, Reports of the Research Committee, i, 1913, p. 28 and fig. 10, no. 15—eagle headed; id., Third Report on the Excavations on the Site of the Roman Town at Wroxeter, Shropshire, 1914, 1916, p. 30 and pl. xx, no. 1—horse headed) and Kettering (P.S.A. xxiii, pp. 496–7).Google Scholar
page 325 note 9 The best thanks of the Society are due to Miss Barbara Green for making the discovery known and generously allowing the bronze to be shown and published. I must also thank particularly Miss C. M. Johns for much helpful discussion, Mr. P. Compton for the photographs, and Mrs. K. Weber for the typing.
page 326 note 1 For an excellent discussion of this type of vessel, from which most of the above account is derived, see Strong, D. E., Greek and Roman Gold and Silver Plate (Methuen, 1966), pp. 145–8 and 166–70.Google Scholar
page 326 note 2 In glass: Isings, C., Roman Glass from Dated Finds (Groningen, 1957), p. 92Google Scholar, type 75 b. In shale: Wheeler, R. E. M., Segontium and the Roman Occupation of Wales (Y Cymmrodor, xxxiii, 1923), pp. 145–7; and another example was recently discovered (1971) at Harlow, Essex. I am indebted to my colleague Miss C. M. Johns for these references.Google Scholar
page 326 note 3 Saucepan-shaped vessels are often referred to in modern literature as paterae, and sometimes as trullae. There seems, however, to be no confirmation of either name. See Hilgers, Werner, Lateinische Gefäβnamen (Düsseldorf, 1969), pp. 71–2 and 242–5Google Scholar, s.v. patera, and pp. 291–3 s.v. trulla. For Berthouville, see Babelon, E., Le Trésor d'argenterie de Berthouville près Bernay, Eure (Paris, 1916).Google Scholar
page 327 note 1 The original use of any particular piece is, of course, difficult to establish. Babelon (pp. cit., pp. 51–2) maintains that all the Berthouville pieces—and all other such treasures—began life as table silver and were only afterwards changed into religious dedications by the addition of inscriptions. It is difficult to believe, however, that pieces with explicitly religious decoration did not have at least some religious connotation throughout their lives.
page 327 note 2 Babelon, op. cit., p. 146.
page 327 note 3 Smith, W. (ed.), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Mythology, ii (London, 1870), p. 143, s.v. ‘Hermes’, quoting Schol. Ad. Thuc: 53; Macrob.Sat. i. 19; comp. Hygin. Poet. Astr. ii. 7; Serv. ad Aen. iv. 242, viii. 138.Google Scholar
page 327 note 4 For a plan of the town see Frere, S.S., ‘The Forum and Baths at Caistor by Norwich’ in Britannia ii (1971), fig. 1 on p.2.Google Scholar
page 328 note 1 A mark between the thighs of the anti-clockwise figure is obscured by fracture, and may be an accidental scratch. At best it is not very obviously phallic.
page 329 note 1 Ross, Anne, Pagan Celtic Britain, 1967, 157–8.Google Scholar
page 329 note 2 Ibid. 187.
page 329 note 3 Hull, M. R., ‘The Roman Potters' Kilns of Colchester’, Res. Rep. of Soc. Antiq., no. xxi, 1963, 93–8Google Scholar; Wheeler, R. E. M., London in Roman Times, 1930, fig. 55, no. 1.Google Scholar
page 329 note 4 Hull, of. cit., fig. 53, no. 8; Toynbee, J. M. C., Art in Roman Britain, 1962, pl. 186, p. 191.Google Scholar
page 329 note 5 The object was submitted to the British Museum by the then Ministry of Public Buildings and Works on 23rd August 1968. It was examined in the British Museum Research Laboratory on 10th September 1968, and the material was confirmed to be gold. At the time of writing (7th June 1971) it has been offered on loan for the time being by Lord Barnard to the Trustees of the British Museum. Information about the find-spot and discovery was kindly supplied by Dr. M. W. Thompson.
page 329 note 6 The bracelet is of three thin wires twisted on a core. For other bracelets of twisted wire see Bushe-Fox, J. P., Second Report on the Excavation of the Roman Fort at Richborough, Kent (Reports of the Research Committee, vii, 1928), p. 49Google Scholar, no. 60; id., Fourth Report on the Excavations of the Roman Fort at Richborough, Kent (Reports of the Research Committee, xvi, 1949), p. 142Google Scholar, no. 177, bracelet 11, deposited after c. A.D. 275–300; Cunliffe, B., Excavations at Fishbourne II (Reports of the Research Committee, xxvii, 1971), p. 107, nos. 47–49, third period (c. A.D. 100–280) and late robbed levels. For the possible buckle cf. Cunliffe, op. cit., p. 110, no. 85. The Fishbourne buckle is early (before A.D. 75); but the object is simple and so the Wroxeter example is presumably not incompatible with a late date.Google Scholar
page 330 note 1 See Bonner, Campbell, Studies in Magical Amulets (1950), pp. 69–71Google Scholar, 211–12, and 218–19. Some representations of eyes, however, have been interpreted as apotropaic, such as those found at Myrina, near Smyrna (Pottier, E. and Reinach, S., La Nécropole de Myrina, Paris, 1887, p. 244).Google Scholar Most scholars, however, have for a long time accepted such objects as thank-offerings, e.g. those from Delphi (Perdrizet, P., Fouilles de Delphes, v, Paris, 1908, p. 209, no. 708).Google Scholar
page 330 note 2 The practice has, of course, continued up to modern times, as at Tenos and Lourdes. See Rouse, W. H. D., Greek Votive Offerings Cambridge, 1902), pp. 235–9.Google Scholar
page 330 note 3 Examples are—Cyprus: Cesnola Collection of Cypriote Antiquities, i, pl. CXXIX, 924, 926, 934, 936; Ephesus: D. G. Hogarth, The Archaic Artemisia, pl. VII, nos. 35, 36, 39–42, 44, 47, Marshall, F. H., Catalogue of the Jewellery, Greek, Etruscan and Roman, British Museum, 1911Google Scholar, nos. 917–22, gold; Pergamum: Ziegenaus, Oskar and Luca, Gioia de, Altertümer von Pergamon xi, 1: Das Asklepieion, Berlin, 1968, p. 172Google Scholar, bronze; Athens: Smith, A. H., Catalogue of Sculpture, 1, iii, British Museum, 1892Google Scholar, nos. 801, 802, marble; Italy: Walters, H. B., Catalogue of the Bronzes, Greek, Roman and Etruscan, British Museum, 1899Google Scholar, nos. 694 (1) and 694 (2), bronze; source of the Seine: Martin, R., ‘Wooden Figures from the Source of the Seine’, in Antiquity, xxxix (1965), pp. 247–252CrossRefGoogle Scholar, wood; Lydney: R. E. M., and Wheeler, T. V., Report on the Excavation of the Prehistoric Roman and Post-Roman Site in Lydney Park, Gloucestershire, (Reports of the Research Committee, ix, 1932), p. 41, bone.Google Scholar
page 330 note 4 At Corinth legs and feet, arms and hands, breasts and genitals were apparently the specialization (Roebuck, C., Corinth XIV, The Asklepieion and Lerna, Princeton, 1951, p. 114). Votive eyes appear most frequently in the inventory lists of the Asklepieion in Athens, while at Corinth only three were found. In the Amphiareion at Athens chests were the most frequent item, while at Corinth there were only three such dedications (Rouse, op. cit., p. 212; Roebuck, op. cit., p. 114).Google Scholar
page 330 note 5 Cavvadias, P., Fouilles d'Épidaure, i, Athens, 1891, esp. p. 33, no. 5.Google Scholar
page 330 note 6 See the list in CIL vii, nos. 1308–21. Nos. 1310, 1315, 1315 are in the Department of Prehistoric and Romano-British Antiquities, British Museum, and to them have been added three from Kenchester, Hereford (1931, 2–11, 1), Sandy, Beds. (82, 8–19, 1), and Caistor-by-Norwich (1928, 7–14, 3). The oculist's stamp on a samian base (CIL vii, no. 1314), also in the B.M. collection, has since been matched by another stamped base from London (JRS xix, 1929, p. 218, not in the B.M.). Dr. G. C. Dunning kindly informs me that in the Catalogue du Musée des Antiquités de la ville de Reims (1901), p. 214, no. 5360 is a bar of material stamped with an oculist's stamp from a grave of the third-fourth century A.D. This object is certainly rare, and probably unique. The Wroxeter oculist's stamp is CIL vii, no. 1308.Google Scholar
page 331 note 1 R. E. M. and T. V. Wheeler, op. cit., esp. pp. 41–4 and 51–2. Cunlifie, B., Roman Bath (Reports of the Research Committee of the Society ofAntiquaries of London, xxiv, 1969).Google Scholar
page 331 note 2 Hogarth, D. G., Excavations at Ephesus. The Archaic Artemisia (British Museum, 1908), p. 108 and pl. VII; F. H. Marshall, op. cit., nos. 917–22.Google Scholar
page 331 note 3 Thévenot, E., Divinités et Sanctuaires de la Gaule (Nancy, 1968), p. 216Google Scholar; Reinach, S., Bronzes figurés de la Gaule romaine (Paris, 1894), pp. 355–8Google Scholar, nos. 481–525; Coutil, L., Archéologie de l'Eure, v (1925), pp. 105–6.Google Scholar
page 331 note 4 The excavations are being carried out by our Fellow, Mr. P. Barker. See the report, ‘Wroxeter’, in Current Archaeology, no. 25, Mar. 1 971, pp. 45–9. Special thanks must be extended to Lord Barnard for his permission to publish this piece, as well as to his agent, Mr. C. A. Eade. I must also thank the following friends and colleagues for considerable help and information: P. Barker, P. C. Compton, B. F. Cook, G. C. Dunning, M. W. Thompson, and Mrs. K. Weber.
page 331 note 5 Bibliothèque nationale, Les Clouet et la courdes rois de France, de François I à Henri IV, Paris, 1970, pp. 57–8.Google Scholar
page 331 note 6 Dimier, L., Les Clouet, 1924, n. 1153.Google Scholar