Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-11T04:29:12.398Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Pioneers above Jordan: revealing a prehistoric landscape

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

David L. Kennedy*
Affiliation:
University of Western Australia, M205 Classics and Ancient History, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia (Email: david.kennedy@uwa.edu.au)

Extract

Aerial photography is so fundamental an instrument of modern archaeology that we often take it for granted. But its methods are surprisingly specific and its most important experimental theatre was probably the territory of the Levant—and especially the rocky terrain of Jordan. The author, a prominent aerial archaeologist of our own day, takes time off to review the achievements of the pioneers, serving officers who established routes over the desert to deliver mail between Egypt and Iraq. The fabulous ancient landscape they discovered could only be appreciated through the low-level window provided by these slow-moving rickety machines and their intrepid pilots. In these days of jet travel, the precious basalt landscape is in danger of slipping off the agenda again—both for researchers and conservers.

Type
Research article
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd. 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

APAAME = Aerial Photographic Archive for Archaeology in the Middle East.Google Scholar
AWM = Australian War Memorial, files of various dates, Canberra, ACT.Google Scholar
TNA = The National Archives, files of various dates, Kew, London.Google Scholar
Bell, G. 1927. The letters of Gertrude Bell. London: Benn.Google Scholar
Betts, A.V.G. & Yagodin, V. N.. 2000. A new look at desert kites, in Stager, L. E., Greene, J. A. & Coogan, M.D. (ed.) The archaeology of Jordan and beyond: essays in honor of James A. Sauer (Studies in the archaeology and history of the Levant 1): 3143. Winona Lake (IN): Eisenbrauns.Google Scholar
Brooke-Popham, R. 1921. Aeroplanes in tropical countries. Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society 25: 563–80.Google Scholar
Crawford, O.G.S. 1924. Air survey and archaeology. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Crawford, O.G.S. 1927. Editorial. Antiquity 1: 388.Google Scholar
Crawford, O.G.S. 1929a. Air-photography for archaeologists. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Crawford, O.G.S. 1929b. Air photographs of the Middle East. Geographical Journal 73: 497512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawford, O.G.S. 1954. Desert kites. Antiquity 28: 165–67, pl. III.Google Scholar
Crawford, O.G.S. 1955. Said and done. London: Weidenfeld.Google Scholar
Crawford, O.G.S. 2004. Freeman, John Peere Williams- (1858-1943), rev. Mark Pottle. Oxford dictionary of national biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: http://www. oxforddnb. com/view/article/36932 (accessed 20 June 2011).Google Scholar
Cutlack, F. M. 1941. The official history of Australia in the war of 1914-1918, Volume 8. The Australian Flying Corps in the western and eastern theatres of war 1914-1918. Sydney: Angus & Robertson.Google Scholar
Dalman, G. 1925. Hundert deutsche Fliegerbilder aus Palästina. Bertelsmann: Gütersloh.Google Scholar
Denise, F. & Nordiguian, L.. 2004. Une aventure archéologique: Antoine Poidebard, photographe et aviateur. Marseille, Arles & Beirut: Presse Université St Joseph.Google Scholar
Dussaud, R. 1929. Les relevés du Capitaine Rees dans le désert de Syrie. Syria 10: 144–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Echallier, J. C. & Braemer, F.. 1995. Nature et functions des ‘desert kites’: données et hypothèses nouvelles. Paléorient 21: 3563.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Field, H. 1960. North Arabian Desert archaeological survey, 1925-1950 (Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 45.2). Cambridge (MA): Peabody Museum.Google Scholar
Glueck, N. 1939. Explorations in eastern Palestine, 3 (Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research 18-19). New Haven (CT): American Schools of Oriental Research.Google Scholar
Gregory, S. & Kennedy, D. L.. 1985. Sir Aurel Stein's Limes Report (British Archaeological Reports international series 272). Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.Google Scholar
Hauser, K. 2008. Bloody old Britain. O. G. S. Crawford and the archaeology of modern life. London: Granta.Google Scholar
Helms, S. 1981. Jawa. Lost city of the Black Desert. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Helms, S. & Betts, A.. 1987. The desert ‘kites’ of the Badiyat esh-Sham and north Arabia. Paléorient 13: 4167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, R. M. 1928. Experiences on the Cairo-Baghdad Air Mail. Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society 32: 385410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, R. M. 1929. The Baghdad Airmail. London: Arnold.Google Scholar
Hynes, J. P. 2010. Lawrence of Arabia's secret air force (based on the diary of Flight Sergeant George Hynes). London: Pen and Sword.Google Scholar
Insall, G.S.M. 1929. The aeroplane in archaeology. Journal of the RAF College, Cranwell 9(2): 174–75.Google Scholar
Jones, H. E. 1937. The war in the air: being the story of the part played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force. London: Imperial War Museum.Google Scholar
Kedar, B. Z. 1999. The changing land between the Jordan and the sea: aerial photographs from 1917 to the present. Jerusalem: Yad Ben-Zvi Press.Google Scholar
Kennedy, A.B.W. 1925. Petra: its history and monuments. London: Country Life.Google Scholar
Kennedy, D. L. 2002a. Qaryat el-Hadid: A ’lost‘ Roman military site in northern Jordan. Levant 34: 99110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, D. L. 2002b. Aerial archaeology in the Middle East: the role of the military-past, present … and future? in Bewley, R. H. & Raczkowski, W. (ed.) Aerial archaeology: developing future practice (NATO Science Series. Series 1, Life and behavioural sciences 337): 33-48, 346–47. Amsterdam: IOS Press.Google Scholar
Kennedy, D. L. 2011. The ‘Works of the Old Men’ in Arabia. Remote sensing in interior Arabia. Journal of Archaeological Science 38: 31853203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, D. L. & Bewley, R. H.. 2009. Aerial archaeology in Jordan. Antiquity 83: 6981.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, D. L. & Bewley, R. H. 2010. Archives and aerial imagery in Jordan. Rescuing the archaeology of Greater Amman from rapid urban sprawl, in Cowley, D. C., Standring, R. & Abicht, M.J. (ed.) Landscapes through the lens: aerial photographs and the historic environment: 193206. Oxford: Oxbow.Google Scholar
Kennedy, D. L. & Riley, D. N.. 1990. Rome's desert frontier from the air. London: Batsford.Google Scholar
Kirkbride, A. S. 1946. Desert ‘kites’. Journal of the Palestine Oriental Society 20: 15.Google Scholar
Maitland, P. 1927. The ‘Works of the Old Men’ in Arabia. Antiquity 1: 196203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mouterde, R. & Poidebard, A.. 1954. Le Limes de Chalcis. Paris: Geuthner.Google Scholar
Nesbit, R. C. 1996. Eyes of the RAF: a history of photo-reconnaissance. Stroud: Sutton.Google Scholar
Nordiguian, L. & Salles, J.-F.. 2000. Aux origines de l'archéologie aérienne. A. Poidebard (1878-1955). Beirut: Presses de l'Université Saint-Joseph.Google Scholar
Poidebard, A. 1931. Missions dans le désert de Syrie en 1931. Comptes-rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres 75: 354–58.Google Scholar
Poidebard, A. 1934. La Trace de Rome dans le désert de Syrie. Paris: Geuthner.Google Scholar
Probert, H. 2006. ‘Bomber’ Harris: his life and times. London: Greenhill Books.Google Scholar
Rees, L.W.B. 1929a. Ancient reservoirs near Kasr Azrak. Antiquity 3: 8992.Google Scholar
Rees, L.W.B. 1929b. The Transjordan Desert. Antiquity 3: 389406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rees, L.W.B. 1930. Transjordan: an ancient and a modern raid. The Royal Air Force Quarterly 1(1): 138–59.Google Scholar
Rees, L.W.B. 1948. The route of the Exodus. The first stage. Ramses to Etham. Palestine Exploration Quarterly 80: 4858.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowan, Y. M., Rollefson, G. O. & Kersel, M.. 2011. ‘Maitland's mesa’ reassessed: a prehistoric cemetery in the eastern Badia, Jordan. Antiquity 85. Available at: http://antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/rowan327/ (accessed 23 August 2011).Google Scholar
Seward, D. 2009. Wings over the desert: in action with an RFC pilot in Palestine 1916-18. London: Haynes.Google Scholar
Von Waldenfels, F. 1925. Die Bayerische Flieger-Abteilung 304 in Palästina 1917/18, in Dalman, G. Hundert deutsche Fliegerbilder aus Palästina: 120–23. Bertelsmann: Gütersloh.Google Scholar
Watkis, N. C. 1999. The Western Front from the air. Stroud: Sutton.Google Scholar
Wiegand, T. 1920. Sinai. Berlin & Leipzig: Vereinigung Wissenschaftlicher Verleger.Google Scholar
Williams, W. A. 1989. Against the odds. The life of Group Captain Lionel Rees. Wrexham: Bridge Books.Google Scholar