Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T21:17:57.869Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Designs and designers of medieval ‘new towns’ in Wales

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Keith D. Lilley ,
Christopher D. Lloyd  and
Steven Trick
Keith D. Lilley
Affiliation:
School of Geography, Archaeology & Palaeoecology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK (Email: k.lilley@qub.ac.uk)
Christopher D. Lloyd
Affiliation:
School of Geography, Archaeology & Palaeoecology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK (Email: k.lilley@qub.ac.uk)
Steven Trick
Affiliation:
School of Geography, Archaeology & Palaeoecology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK (Email: k.lilley@qub.ac.uk)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Medieval ‘new towns’ seem to echo Roman towns in having a grid of streets associated with a fortress, and have often been credited with a standard plan applied by the hand of authority. Here the authors analyse the new towns founded by Edward I in Wales and find some highly significant variations. Rediscovering the original layouts by high precision survey and GIS mapping, they show that some towns, founded at the same time and on similar topography, had quite different layouts, while others, founded at long intervals, had plans that were almost identical. Documentation hints at the explanation: it was the architects, masons and ditch-diggers, not the king and aristocracy, who established and developed these blueprints of urban life.

Keywords

WalesEnglandmedievalurbanismEdward IplanningGIS
Type
Research
Information
Antiquity , Volume 81 , Issue 312 , 1 June 2007 , pp. 279 - 293
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd. 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baker, N., Dalwood, H., Holt, R.A., Mundy, C.F. & Taylor, G.. 1992. From Roman to medieval Worcester: development and planning in the Anglo-Saxon city. Antiquity 66: 65–74.Google Scholar
Baker, N. & Slater, T.R.. 1992. Morphological regions in medieval towns, in Whitehand, J.W.R. & Larkham, P.J. (ed.) Urban Landscapes: International Perspectives: 43–68. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Beresford, M.W. 1967. New Towns of the Middle Ages. London: Lutterworth.Google Scholar
Coldstream, N. 2003. Architects, advisers and design at Edward I's castles in Wales. Architectural History 46: 19–36.Google Scholar
Conzen, M.R.G. 1968. The study of town plans in urban history, in Dyos, H.J. (ed.) The Study of Urban History: 113–30. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
CWR: Calendar of Welsh Rolls, in Calendar of Various Chancery Rolls: 157–362. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Davies, R.R. 1987. Conquest, Co-existence and Change in Wales, 1063–1415. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Davies, R.R. 1990. Domination and Conquest: the Experience of Ireland, Scotland and Wales 1100-1300. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Edwards, J.G. 1944. Edward I's castle-building in Wales. Proceedings of the British Academy 32: 15–81.Google Scholar
Evans, E.D. 1989. Was there a borough of Bere? Journal of the Merioneth Historical and Record Society 10: 290–98.Google Scholar
Given, J. 1989. The economic consequences of the English conquest of Gwynedd. Speculum 64: 11–45.Google Scholar
Griffiths, J. 1947. Documents relating to the early history of Conway. Transactions of the Caernarfonshire Historical Society 8: 5–19.Google Scholar
Griffiths, R.A. (ed.). 1978. Boroughs of Mediaeval Wales. Cardiff: University of Cardiff Press.Google Scholar
Jack, R.I. 1978. Ruthin, in Griffiths, R.A. (ed.) Boroughs of Mediaeval Wales: 244–61. Cardiff: University of Cardiff.Google Scholar
Jones Pierce, T. & Griffiths, J.. 1937–1939. Documents relating to the early history of the borough of Caernarvon. Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 9: 236–46.Google Scholar
Lauret, A., Malebranche, R. & Séraphin, G.. 1988. Bastides. Villes Nouvelles du Moyen-Age. Toulouse: Éditions Milan.Google Scholar
Lewis, E.A. 1912. The Mediaeval Boroughs of Snowdonia. London: Henry Sotheran.Google Scholar
Lilley, K.D. 2000. Mapping the medieval city: plan analysis and urban history. Urban History 27: 5–30.Google Scholar
Lilley, K.D. 2001. Urban planning and the design of towns in the Middle Ages: the Earls of Devon and their ‘new towns’. Planning Perspectives 16: 1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lilley, K.D. 2005. Urban landscapes and their design: creating town from country in the later Middle Ages, in Giles, K. & Dyer, C.C. (ed.) Town and Country in the Middle Ages. Contrasts, Contacts and Interconnections 1100-1500: 223–43. Leeds: Maney.Google Scholar
Lilley, K.D., Lloyd, C. & Trick, S.. 2005a. Mapping Medieval Townscapes: a Digital Atlas of King Edward I's ‘New Towns’ of England and Wales. York: Archaeology Data Service (available at: http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/resources.html?atlas ahrb 2005).Google Scholar
Lilley, K.D., Lloyd, C., Trick, S. & Graham, C.. 2005b. Analysing and mapping medieval urban forms using GPS and GIS. Urban Morphology 9: 5–15.Google Scholar
Lilley, K.D., Lloyd, C. & Trick, S.. Forthcoming. Mapping medieval townscapes: GIS applications in landscape history and settlement study, in Dyer, C.C., Gardiner, M. & Rippon, S. (ed.) W G Hoskins and the Making of the British Landscape. Bollington: Windgather.Google Scholar
Morris, A.E.J. 1994. History of Urban Form. Harlow: Longman.Google Scholar
Ottaway, P. 1992. Archaeology in British Towns. From the Emperor Claudius to the Black Death. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Owen, D.H. 1978. Denbigh, in Griffiths, R.A. (ed.) Boroughs of Mediaeval Wales: 165–87. Cardiff: University of Cardiff.Google Scholar
Prestwich, M. 1988. Edward I. London: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Prestwich, M. 1991. War, Politics and Finance under Edward I. Aldershot: Gregg Revivals.Google Scholar
Raban, S. 2000. England under Edward I and Edward II. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Randolph, A. 1995. The bastides of south-west France. Art Bulletin 78: 290–307.Google Scholar
Rcahmw, . 1910. Inventory of the Ancient Monuments of Wales and Monmouthshire VI - county of Merioneth. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Rcahmw, 1912. Inventory of the Ancient Monuments in Wales and Monmouthshire II - county of Flint. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Rcahmw, 1914. Inventory of the Ancient Monuments of Wales and Monmouthshire IV - county of Denbigh. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Rcahmw, 1937. An Inventory of the Ancient and Historical Monuments in Anglesey. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Rcahmw, 1956. An Inventory of the Ancient Monuments in Caernarvonshire, volume I: east, the cantref of Arllechwedd and the commote of Creuddyn. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Rcahmw, 1960. An Inventory of the Ancient Monuments in Caernarvonshire, volume II: central, the cantref of Arfon and the commote of Eifionydd. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Salzman, L.F. 1968. Edward I. London: Constable.Google Scholar
Sanders, I.J. 1954. The boroughs of Aberystwyth and Cardigan in the early fourteenth century. Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 15: 282–93.Google Scholar
Schofield, J. & Vince, A.. 2003. Medieval Towns. London: Continuum.Google Scholar
Shelby, L.R. 1972. The geometrical knowledge of mediaeval master masons. Speculum 47: 395–421.Google Scholar
Slater, T.R. 1987. Ideal and reality in English Episcopal medieval town planning. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 12 (new series): 191–203.Google Scholar
Soulsby, I. 1983. The Towns of Medieval Wales. Chichester: Phillimore.Google Scholar
Tatton Brown, T. 1986. The topography of Anglo-Saxon London. Antiquity 60: 21–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, A.J. 1950. Master James of St George. English Historical Review 65: 433–57.Google Scholar
Taylor, A.J. 1963. Some notes on the Savoyards in North Wales, 1277-1300, with special reference to the Savoyard element in the construction of Harlech castle. Genava 11 (new series): 289–315.Google Scholar
Taylor, A.J. 1986. The Welsh Castles of Edward I. London: Hambledon Press.Google Scholar
Tout, T.F. 1920. Chapters in Administrative History of Mediaeval England. The Wardrobe, the Chamber and the Small Seals, volume II. London: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Tout, T.F. 1934. Mediaeval Town Planning, a lecture. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Williams-Jones, K. 1978. Caernarvon, in Griffiths, R.A. (ed.) Boroughs of Mediaeval Wales: 72–101. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.Google Scholar