Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T05:50:19.826Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The eastern Asian ‘Middle Palaeolithic’ revisited: a view from Korea

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 September 2016

Chuntaek Seong
Affiliation:
Department of History, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
Christopher J. Bae*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, 2424 Maile Way, 346 Saunders Hall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
*
*Author for correspondence (Email: cjbae@hawaii.edu)

Abstract

Is the Middle Palaeolithic an appropriate concept in eastern Asia? The issue has been debated for China in two recent papers in Antiquity (Yee 2012; Li 2014), which in turn responded to an earlier argument set out by Gao and Norton (2002). But does the Korean record offer a different perspective? Here, the authors argue that Korean archaeology, as with the Chinese record, provides no support for a distinct Middle Palaeolithic. Rather than seeking to validate an inappropriate chronological framework derived from European Palaeolithic research, emphasis should instead be placed on developing a regionally specific model of prehistory for eastern Asia. They conclude, akin to Gao and Norton (2002), that the East Asian Palaeolithic should be divided into two major cultural periods: Early and Late.

Type
Research
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd, 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bae, C.J. & Bae, K.D.. 2012. The nature of the Early to Late Paleolithic transition in Korea: current perspectives. Quaternary International 281: 2635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2011.08.044 Google Scholar
Bae, C.J. & Kim, J.C.. 2010. The Late Paleolithic–Neolithic transition in Korea: current archaeological and radiocarbon perspectives. Radiocarbon 52: 493–99.Google Scholar
Bae, K.D., Bae, C.J. & Kim, K.R.. 2012. The age of the Paleolithic handaxes from the Imjin-Hantan River basins, South Korea. Quaternary International 281: 1425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.06.021 Google Scholar
Bae, C.J., Bae, K.D. & Kim, J.C.. 2013. The Early to Late Paleolithic transition in Korea: a closer look. Radiocarbon 55: 1341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16255 Google Scholar
Bar-Yosef, O. & Wang, Y.P.. 2012. Palaeolithic archaeology in China. Annual Review of Anthropology 41: 319–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-092611-145832 Google Scholar
Bordes, F. 1968. The Old Stone Age. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Choi, M.C. 1983. The Konkuk University excavation, in Chongokni Excavations. Seoul: National Research Institute of Cultural Properties.Google Scholar
Choi, M.C. 1994. The Palaeolithic culture of Korea. Seoul: Jipmundang.Google Scholar
Choi, B.K, Ahn, S.M. & Ryu, H.J.. 2004. The Hahwagye-ri Jageunsolbat site. Chuncheon: Institute for Gangwon Archaeology.Google Scholar
Chung, Y.H. 1986. The Korean Palaeolithic. Hanguk Gogo Hakbo 19: 63103.Google Scholar
Gao, X. 1999. A discussion of the Chinese Middle Palaeolithic. Acta Anthropologica Sinica 18: 116.Google Scholar
Gao, X. & Norton, C.J.. 2002. A critique of the Chinese Middle Palaeolithic. Antiquity 76: 397412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00090517 Google Scholar
Han, C.G. 2009. Paleolithic sites in Cheonan-Asan area. Hanguk Goseokgi Hakbo 20: 322.Google Scholar
Han, C.G. 2014. Recognitions of the Korean Palaeolithic during the early 20th century. Hanguk Guseokki Hakbo 29: 320.Google Scholar
Hou, Y.M., Yang, S.X., Dong, W., Zhang, J.F. & Liu, Y.. 2013. Late Pleistocene representative sites in North China and their indication of evolutionary human behavior. Quaternary International 295: 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.03.035 Google Scholar
Ikawa-Smith, F. 1978. The early Paleolithic tradition of East Asia, in Ikawa-Smith, F. (ed.) Early Paleolithic in South and East Asia: 110. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Inizan, M.L., Roche, H. & Tixier, J.. 1992. Technology of knapped stone (Préhistoire de la Pierre Taillée, tome 3). Meudon: CREP.Google Scholar
Kim, K.R. 2011. A preliminary excavation report at Cheongwon Mansu-ri. Hanguk Guseokki Hakbo 24: 320.Google Scholar
Kim, S.T. 2012. A study on the Korean Palaeolithic assemblages. Seoul: Seokyung.Google Scholar
Klein, R. 2009. The human career: human biological and cultural origins. Chicago (IL): The University of Chicago Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226027524.001.0001 Google Scholar
Lee, H.J. 2000. The Middle Palaeolithic culture in northeast Asia. Hanguk Sanggosa Hakbo 33: 748.Google Scholar
Li, F. 2014. Fact or fiction: the Middle Palaeolithic in China. Antiquity 88: 13031309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00115479 Google Scholar
Matsufuji, K. 2001. The Palaeolithic culture in Japan. Hanguk Guseokki Hakbo 3: 5770.Google Scholar
Monnier, G.F. 2006. The Lower/Middle Paleolithic periodization in Western Europe. Current Anthropology 47: 709–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/506280 Google Scholar
Nelson, M.C. 1991. The study of technological organization. Archaeological Method and Theory 3: 57100.Google Scholar
Norton, C.J. 2000. The current state of Korean paleoanthropology. Journal of Human Evolution 38: 803–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhev.1999.0390 Google Scholar
Norton, C.J. & Bae, K.D.. 2009. Erratum to ‘The Movius Line sensu lato (Norton et al. 2006) further assessed and defined’ in Journal of Human Evolution 55: 1148–50. Journal of Human Evolution 57: 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.03.002 Google Scholar
Norton, C.J. & Jin, J.H.. 2009. The evolution of modern human behavior in East Asia: current perspectives. Evolutionary Anthropology 18: 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.20235 Google Scholar
Norton, C.J., Bae, K.D., Harris, J.W.K. & Lee, H.Y.. 2006. Middle Pleistocene handaxes from the Korean Peninsula. Journal of Human Evolution 51: 527–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.07.004 Google Scholar
Norton, C.J., Gao, X. & Feng, X.W.. 2009. The East Asian Middle Paleolithic re-examined, in Camps, M. & Chauhan, P. (ed.) Sourcebook of Paleolithic transitions: methods, theories, and interpretations: 245–54. New York: Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76487-0_15 Google Scholar
Park, Y.C. 1992. Korean Palaeolithic sites and chronology. Journal of the Korean Archaeological Society 28: 5130.Google Scholar
Park, Y.C. 2002. An analysis of Korean Middle Palaeolithic artifacts. Hanguk Guseokki Hakbo 5: 121.Google Scholar
Park, Y.C. & Choi, S.Y.. 2002. An analysis of Korean Middle Palaeolithic artifacts. Hanguk Guseokki Hakbo 6: 2535.Google Scholar
Roebroeks, W. & Tuffreau, A.. 1999. Palaeoenvironment and settlement patterns of the northwest European Middle Paleolithic, in Roebroeks, W. & Gamble, C. (ed.) The Middle Palaeolithic occupation of Europe: 322. Leiden: University of Leiden.Google Scholar
Sackett, J.R. 1982. Approaches to style in lithic archaeology. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 1: 59112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-4165(82)90008-3 Google Scholar
Sato, H. 1992. The structure and evolution of the Japanese Palaeolithic. Tokyo: Kashiwashobo.Google Scholar
Sato, H., Nishiaki, Y. & Suzuki, M.. 1995. Lithic technology of the Japanese Middle Palaeolithic: Levallois in Japan?, in Dibble, H.L. & Bar-Yosef, O. (ed.) The definition and interpretation of Levallois variability: 485500. Madison (WI): Prehistory.Google Scholar
Schick, K. & Toth, N.. 2001. Paleoanthropology at the millennium, in T.D. Price & G. Feinman (ed.) Archaeology at the millennium: 39108. New York: Kluwer Academic.Google Scholar
Seong, C. 2002. The relevance of the Middle Palaeolithic in Korea: a critical review. Journal of the Korean Archaeological Society 46: 528.Google Scholar
Seong, C. 2004. Quartzite and vein quartz as lithic raw materials reconsidered: a view from the Korean Palaeolithic. Asian Perspectives 43: 7391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/asi.2004.0016 Google Scholar
Seong, C. 2009. Emergence of a blade industry and evolution of Late Palaeolithic technology in the Republic of Korea. Journal of Anthropological Research 65: 417–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/jar.0521004.0065.303 Google Scholar
Seong, C. 2015. Diversity of lithic assemblages and evolution of Late Palaeolithic culture in Korea. Asian Perspectives 54 (1): 91112.Google Scholar
Shea, J.J. 2006. The origins of lithic projectile point technology: evidence from Africa, the Levant, and Europe. Journal of Archaeological Science 33: 823–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/jas.2005.10.015 Google Scholar
Shimada, K. 2010. Is there a possibility of sites older than 40,000 years in Japan? Hanguk Guseokki Hakbo 21: 7185.Google Scholar
Sohn, P.K. 1970. Palaeolithic culture of Korea. Korea Journal 10: 411.Google Scholar
Sohn, P.K. 1972. The Lower and Middle Palaeolithic at Sokchangni. Hanguksa Yeongu 7: 158.Google Scholar
Sohn, P.K. 1973. Palaeolithic culture, in Korean History 1: 946. Seoul: Guksa Pyeonchan Wiwonhoe.Google Scholar
Wang, W., Bae, C.J., Huang, S.M., Huang, X., Tian, F., Mo, J.Y., Huang, Z.T., Huang, C.L., Xie, S.W. & Li, D.W.. 2014. Middle Pleistocene handaxes from Fengshudao (Bose Basin, Guangxi, China). Journal of Human Evolution 69: 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.11.002 Google Scholar
Xiao, D.F., Bae, C.J., Shen, G.J., Delson, E., Jin, J., Webb, N.M. & Qiu, L.C.. 2014. Morphometric analysis of hominin fossils from Maba (Guangdong, China). Journal of Human Evolution 74: 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.04.003 Google Scholar
Yee, M.K. 2012. The Middle Palaeolithic in China: a review of current interpretations. Antiquity 86: 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00047803 Google Scholar
Yi, S.B. 1989. A study on the Palaeolithic in northeast Asia. Seoul: Seoul National University Press.Google Scholar
Yi, S.B. 2000. A chronology and stratigraphy for Korean Palaeolithic archaeology. Journal of the Korean Archaeological Society 43: 122.Google Scholar
Yi, S.B. 2009. Several problems in the research of handaxes from the Imjin Basin. Journal of the Korean Palaeolithic Society 19: 318.Google Scholar
Yoo, Y. 2009. Techno-chronological reassessment of Palaeolithic assemblages in the Imjin-Hantan River area, Korea: new data and new considerations. The Review of Korean Studies 12: 1127.Google Scholar
Zhang, P., Huang, W.W. & Wang, W.. 2010. Acheulean handaxes from Fengshudao, Bose sites of south China. Quaternary International 223–224: 440–43.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: PDF

Seong and Bae supplementary material

Seong and Bae supplementary material 1

Download Seong and Bae supplementary material(PDF)
PDF 120 KB