Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T13:30:07.593Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Radiocarbon dating and marine reservoir correction of Viking Age Christian burials from Orkney

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

James H. Barrett ,
Roelf P. Beukens  and
Don R. Brothwell
James H. Barrett
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, University of York, The King's Manor, York YO1 7EP, England. jhb5@york.ac.uk
Roelf P. Beukens
Affiliation:
IsoTrace Laboratory, University of Toronto, Toronto ONT, M5S 1A7 Canada. roelf.beukens@utoronto.ca
Don R. Brothwell
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, University of York, The King's Manor, York YO1 7EP, England. jhb5@york.ac.uk
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'

Keywords

Viking AgeScotlandOrkneyradiocarbon datingstable isotopesChristianitysagas
Type
News & notes
Information
Antiquity , Volume 74 , Issue 285 , September 2000 , pp. 537 - 543
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd. 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abrams, L. 1998. History and archaeology: the conversion of Scandinavia, in Crawford, B.E. (ed.), Conversion and Christianity in the North Sea world. St Andrews: St John’s House. Paper 8.Google Scholar
Ambrose, S.H., Butler, B.M. Hanson, D.B. Hunter-Anderson, R.L. & Krueger, H.W.. 1997. Stable isotopic analysis of human diet in the Marianas archipelago, Western Pacific, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 104: 343–62.Google Scholar
Ambrose, S.H. & Norr, L.. 1993. Isotopic composition of dietary protein and energy versus bone collagen and apatite: purified diet growth experiments, in Lambert, & Grupe, (ed.): 1–37.Google Scholar
Arneborg, J., Heinemeter, J. Lynnerup, N. Nielsen, H.L. Rud, N. & Sveinbjörnsdóttir, A.E.. 1999. Change of diet of the Greenland Vikings determined from stable carbon isotope analysis and 14C dating of their bones, Radiocarbon 41(2): 157–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, J.W. 1996. Excavations at St Magnus’ Kirk, Birsay, in Morris, C.D. (ed.), The Birsay Bay Project 2: Sites in Birsay Village and on the Brough of Birsay Orkney: 11–32. Durham: University of Durham, Department of Archaeology. Monograph 2.Google Scholar
Barrett, J.H., Nicholson, R.A. & Cerón-Carrasco, R.. 1999. Archaeo-ichthyological evidence for long-term socioeconomic trends in northern Scotland: 3500 BC to AD 1500, Journal of Archaeological Science 26: 353–88.Google Scholar
Barrett, J., Beukens, R. Simpson, I. Ashmore, P. Poaps, S. & Huntley, J.. 2000. What was the Viking Age and when did it happen? A view from Orkney, Norwegian Archaeological Review 33: 1–39.Google Scholar
Berry, R.J, & Firth, H.N. (ed.). 1986. The people of Orkney. Kirkwall: The Orkney Press.Google Scholar
Brothwell, D. 1977. On a mycoform stone structure in Orkney, and its relevance to possible further interpretations of so-called souterrains, Bulletin of the Institute of Archaeology 14: 179–90.Google Scholar
Brothwell, D., Tills, D. & Muir, V.. 1986. Biological characteristics, in Berry, & Firth, (ed.): 54–88.Google Scholar
Chisholm, B.S., Nelson, D.E. & Schwarcz, H.P.. 1982. Stable-carbon isotope ratios as a measure of marine versus terrestrial protein in ancient diets, Science 216: 1131–2.Google Scholar
Cook, G.T., Mackenzie, A.B. Naysmith, P. & Anderson, R.. 1998. Natural and anthropogenic 14C in the UK coastal marine environment, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 40: 89–111.Google Scholar
Dyke, A.S., Mcneely, R.N. & Hooper, J.. 1996. Marine reservoir corrections for bowhead whale radiocarbon age determinations, Canadian Journal of Earth Science 33: 1628–37.Google Scholar
Foster, S.M. 1990. Pins, combs and the chronology of later Atlantic Iron Age settlement, in Armit, I. (ed.), Beyond the Broch: 141–74. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Gudmundsson, F. 1965. Orkneyinga Sago. Reykjavik: Hi3 Islenzka Fornritafélag.Google Scholar
Harkness, D. D. 1983. The extent of natural 14C deficiency in the coastal environment of the United Kingdom, PACT 8: 351–64.Google Scholar
Heier-Nielsen, S., Heinemeier, J. Nielsen, H.L. & Rud, N.. 1995. Recent reservoir ages for Danish fjords and marine waters, Radiocarbon 37: 875–82.Google Scholar
Jennings, A. 1998. Iona and the Vikings: survival and continuity, Northern Studies 33: 37–54.Google Scholar
Johansen, O.S., Guluksen, S. & Nydal, R.. 1986. δ13C and diet: analysis of Norwegian human skeletons, Radiocarbon 28: 754–61.Google Scholar
Lamb, R. 1995. Papil, Picts and papar, in Crawford, B.E. (ed.), Northern Isles connections: essays from Orkney & Shetland presented to Per Sveaas Andersen: 9–27. Kirkwall: The Orkney Press.Google Scholar
Lambert, J.B. & Grupe, G. (ed.). 1993. Prehistoric human bone: archaeology at the molecular level. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Lidén, K. & Nelson, D.E.. 1994. Stable carbon isotopes as dietary indicators within the Baltic area, Fornvannen 89: 13–21.Google Scholar
Longin, R. 1970. Extraction du collagne des os fossiles pour leur datation par la method du carbone 14. Ph.D thesis, University of Lyons.Google Scholar
Lowe, C. (ed.). 1998. St Boniface Church, Orkney: coastal erosion and archaeological assessment. Edinburgh: Sutton Publishing & Historic Scotland.Google Scholar
Morris, C.D. 1990. Church and monastery in the Far North: an archaeological evaluation. Jarrow. Jarrow Lecture 1989.Google Scholar
Morris, C.D. 1996. Church and monastery in Orkney and Shetland: an archaeological perspective, in Krøger, J.F. & Naley, H. (ed.), Nordsjøen : Handel, religion ogpolitikk: 185–206. Karmoy Kommune: vikingfestivalen.Google Scholar
Morris, C.D. & Emery, N.. 1986. The chapel and enclosure on the Brough of Deerness, Orkney: survey and excavations, 1975–1977, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 116: 301–74.Google Scholar
Owen, O. & Lowe, C.. 1999. Kebister. Edinburgh: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland.Google Scholar
Richards, M.P. & Mellars, P.A.. 1998. Stable isotopes and the seasonality of the Oronsay middens, Antiquity 72:178–84.Google Scholar
Schwarcz, H.P.J. Melbye, M.A. Katzenberg, & Knyf, M.. 1985. Stable isotopes in human skeletons of southern Ontario: reconstructing palaeodiet, Journal of Archaeological Science 12: 187–206.Google Scholar
Stuiver, M. & Braziunas, T.F.. 1993. Modeling atmospheric 14C influences and 14C ages of marine samples to 10,000 BC, Radiocarbon 35: 137–89.Google Scholar
Stuiver, M. & Reimer, P.J.. 1993. Extended 14C database and revised CALIB radiocarbon calibration program, Radiocarbon 35: 215–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuiver, M., Reimer, P.J. & Braziunas, T.F.. 1998. High-precision radiocarbon age calibration for terrestrial and marine samples, Radiocarbon 40: 1127–51.Google Scholar
Tauber, H, 1983. 14C dating of human beings in relation to dietary habits, PACT 8: 365–75.Google Scholar
Taylor, R.E. 1997. Radiocarbon dating, in Taylor, R.E. & Aitken, M.J. (ed.), Chronometric dating in archaeology: 65–96. New York (NY): Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Thomson, W.P.L. 1986. St Findan and the Pictish-Norse transition, in Berry, & Firth, (ed.): 279–83.Google Scholar
Tieszen, L.L. & Fagre, T.. 1993. Effect of diet quality and composition on the isotopic composition of respiratory CO2, bone collagen, bioapatito, and soft tissue, in Lambert, & Grupe, (ed.): 121–55.Google Scholar