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Biology and culture of the clown loach Chromobotia macracanthus (Cypriniformes, Cobitidae) : 4- Thermal biology of embryos and larvae

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 July 2012

Etienne Baras ,
Rendy Ginanjar ,
Musa Ahmad ,
Asep Permana ,
Agus Priyadi ,
Marc Legendre ,
Laurent Pouyaud  and
Jacques Slembrouck
Etienne Baras*
Affiliation:
IRD, UMR 226 – ISEM, 34196 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
Rendy Ginanjar
Affiliation:
Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Budidaya Ikan Hias (BP2BIH), jl. Perikanan No. 13, 41152 Depok, Indonesia
Musa Ahmad
Affiliation:
Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Budidaya Ikan Hias (BP2BIH), jl. Perikanan No. 13, 41152 Depok, Indonesia
Asep Permana
Affiliation:
Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Budidaya Ikan Hias (BP2BIH), jl. Perikanan No. 13, 41152 Depok, Indonesia
Agus Priyadi
Affiliation:
Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Budidaya Ikan Hias (BP2BIH), jl. Perikanan No. 13, 41152 Depok, Indonesia
Marc Legendre
Affiliation:
IRD, UMR 226 – ISEM, 34196 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
Laurent Pouyaud
Affiliation:
IRD, UMR 226 – ISEM, 34196 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
Jacques Slembrouck
Affiliation:
IRD, UMR 226 – ISEM, 34196 Montpellier Cedex 05, France Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Budidaya Ikan Hias (BP2BIH), jl. Perikanan No. 13, 41152 Depok, Indonesia
*
a Corresponding author : etienne.baras@ird.fr
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Abstract

The knowledge of how fish survive and grow at different temperatures, and how these traits vary between life stages, is essential to evaluate the effects of climate change on wild fish and implement effective strategies in aquaculture. These issues are addressed in this study through a series of experiments that evaluate the effect of temperature (23–34 °C) on the embryos and larvae of clown loach, Chromobotia macracanthus. This species is endemic to the rivers of Sumatra and Borneo, highly praised on the ornamental fish market, and has been reproduced in captivity recently. No embryo survived a 24-h exposure to 34 °C until the age of 3 days after hatching (dah); mortality was high at 32 °C at 2 and 3 dah, whereas it was low and similar from 1 to 4 dah at 23–29 °C (<10%). Yolk absorption was proportional to water temperature (Q10°C of 1.69 in the 23–32 °C range), but fish reared at cold temperatures were larger than others at the start of exogenous feeding (5.7 vs. 5.5 mm TL, at 23 and 32 °C, respectively). The survival of larvae fed Artemia nauplii ad libitum was high at 23–32 °C (80–100%), but almost null at 34 °C. Growth models at different temperatures were produced from weekly measurements in two experiments, and tested by comparing their predictions with the results of a third experiment. Throughout the larval stage, the optimal temperature for growth (T°opt) was close to 29 °C, and departures from T°opt resulted in substantial growth penalties (–30% SGR for –5.1 °C and  + 3.1 °C). High survival, fast growth (0.7 mm day-1) and limited size dispersal at T°opt are encouraging perspectives for the aquaculture of clown loach. From an ecological perspective, the species has an atypical thermal biology, as it is less thermophilic than other tropical fishes, but more stenothermal than temperate fishes exhibiting similar values of T°opt , both traits being of particular concern in the context of global warming.

Keywords

Tropical freshwater fishOrnamental fishClown loachTemperatureSurvivalGrowthYolkEmbryoLarva
Type
Research Article
Information
Aquatic Living Resources , Volume 25 , Issue 2 , April 2012 , pp. 131 - 142
Copyright
© EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD 2012

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