Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T07:05:54.388Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of phytoplankton containing paralytic shellfishand amnesic shellfish toxins on the culture of the king scallop Pecten maximus in Málaga (SE Spain)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 November 2006

Juan Blanco ,
Juana Cano ,
Ma del Carmen Mariño  and
Ma Jesús Campos
Juan Blanco*
Affiliation:
Centro de Investigacións Mariñas, Consellería de Pesca e Asuntos Marítimos, Xunta de Galicia, Apdo. 13, 36620 Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
Juana Cano
Affiliation:
Centro Costero de Málaga, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Puerto Pesquero s/n, Apdo. 285, 29640 Fuengirola, Spain
Ma del Carmen Mariño
Affiliation:
Centro de Investigacións Mariñas, Consellería de Pesca e Asuntos Marítimos, Xunta de Galicia, Apdo. 13, 36620 Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
Ma Jesús Campos
Affiliation:
Centro Costero de A Coruña, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Muelle de las Ánimas, Apdo. 130, 15001 A Coruña, Spain
*
jblanco@cimacoron.org
Get access

Abstract

The impact of toxic outbreaks of Gymnodinium catenatum, producer of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins (PSP toxins) and Pseudonitzschia spp., producer of amnesic shellfish poisoning toxins (ASP toxins), was studied throughout the culture cycle of the king scallop Pecten maximus (length from 40 to 100 mm). Toxin concentration, in plankton and in the digestive gland of the scallops, other variables that describe the state of the cultured scallops (mortality, growth, length/weight ratio, gonadosomatic index) and the main environmental conditions (temperature and in vivo fluorescence) were determined from December 2001 to April 2003. Temperature ranged from 14 °C during the winter to 22 °C at the end of July. In vivo fluorescence ranged from not detectable to 25 relative units, with a maximum also recorded at the end of July. ASP toxin levels, in both plankton and organisms, were high during the first half of the sampling period (maximum 450 ng domoic acid L−1, in plankton, and 175 µg·g−1 of scallop digestive gland) when the scallops were juvenile. PSP toxins attained larger concentrations in the second half of the sampling period (maximum of 1.8 nmol L−1 in plankton and 550 nmol g−1 of digestive gland, of gonyautoxins after hydrolysis). Several mortality events took place during the period studied, but none of them coincided neither with an ASP or PSP outbreak nor with long exposure of the scallops to these toxins. One of the recorded mortalities occurred simultaneously with a high concentration of PSP in the scallops, but also with an important spawning. Additionally, it was not coincidental with the bloom of toxic plankton, thus, post-spawning stress seemed to be the main responsible for the mortality. No appreciable effect of ASP or PSP toxinson growth or reproductive state of the cultured scallops was found. Therefore, neither ASP nor PSP toxins appeared to represent a direct threat to the culture of Pecten maximus in that case.

Keywords

ToxinsASPPSPDomoic acidGTXKing scallopMortalityGrowthGonadosomatic indexGymnodinium catenatumPseudonitzschia spp.Mediterreanean Sea
Type
Research Article
Information
Aquatic Living Resources , Volume 19 , Issue 3 , July 2006 , pp. 267 - 273
Copyright
© EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD, 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Acosta C.P., Blanco J., 2004, Efecto de Gymnodinium catenatum sobre la tasa de aclaramiento de Pecten maximus. In: Norte M., Fernández J.J. (Eds.) VIII reunión Ibérica sobre Fitoplancton Tóxico y Biotoxinas. Instituto Universitario de Bioorgánica, La Laguna, pp. 247-252.
Anderson, D.M., Glibert, P.M., Burkholder, J.M., 2002, Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication: Nutrient sources, composition, and consequences. Estuaries 25, 704-726. CrossRef
Blanco J, Juentes J., 2002, Accumulation of paralytic shellfish toxins from by genetically different mussel stocks. IV International Conference on Molluscan Shellfish Safety. June. Santiago de Compostela. Spain. (available online at http:// www.cimacoron.org/Cimacoron/EpisodiosToxicos/Documentos/ ResistHibridPSP.pdf
Blanco-Pérez J., 2001, Episodios nocivos por fitoplancton. In: Maeda-Martínez A.N. (Ed.) Los Moluscos Pectínidos de Iberoamérica: Ciencia y Acuicultura. Editorial Limusa, México, pp. 285-324.
Bravo I., Franco J., Reyero I., 1998, PSP toxin composition of three life cycle stages of Gymnodinium catenatum. In: Reguera B., Blanco J., Fernández M.L., Wyatt T. (Eds.) Harmful Algae. Xunta de Galicia and IOC of UNESCO, Santiago de Compostela. Spain, pp. 356-358.
Bricelj, V.M., Connell, L., Konoki, K., Macquarrie, S.P., Scheuer, T., Catterall, W.A., Trainer, V.L., 2005, Sodium channel mutation leading to saxitoxin resistance in clams increases risk of PSP. Nature 434, 763-767. CrossRef
Burkholder, J.M., 1998, Implications of harmful microalgae and heterotrophic dinoflagellates in management of sustainable marine fisheries. Ecol. Appl. 8, S37-S62. CrossRef
Campos, J., Cano, J., Vázquez, C., López, F.J., 2006, A stereological study of the reproductive cycle of Pecten maximus in Málaga. effects on its aquaculture. J. Shellfish Res. 25, 270-271.
Cano, J., Campos, M.J., Román, G., 2000, Growth and mortality of the king scallop grown in suspended culture in Málaga, Southern Spain. Aquac. Int. 8, 207-225. CrossRef
De Villiers G., 1975, Growth, population dynamics, a mass mortality and arrangement of white sand mussels, Donax serra Roding, on beaches in the south-western Cape Province. Invest. Rep. Sea Fish. Brch. S. Afr. 31, pp. 109.
Douglas, D.J., Kenchington, E.R., Bird, C.J., Pocklington, R., Bradford, B., Silvert, W., 1997, Accumulation of domoic acid by the sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) fed cultured cells of toxic Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 54, 907-913. CrossRef
Fernández R., Mamán L., Jaén D., Márquez I., 2004, Control y seguimiento del fitoplancton tóxico en las costas andaluzas durante los años 2001 y 2002. In: Norte M., Fernández J.J. (Eds.) VIII Reunión Ibérica sobre Fitoplacton Tóxico y Biotoxinas. Instituto de Bio-orgánica. Universidad de La Laguna, pp. 99-107.
Franco, J.M., Fernández-Vila, P., 1993, Separation of paralytic shellfish toxins by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, with postcolumn reaction and fluorimetric detection. Chromatographia 35, 613-620. CrossRef
Fu M., Yan T., Zhou M., 2000, The effect of dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense on early development of scallops. Ninth International Conference on Harmful Algal Blooms.
Hallegraeff, G.M., 1993, A review of harmful algal blooms and their apparent global increase. Phycologia 32, 79-99. CrossRef
Horstman, D.A., 1981, Reported red-water outbreaks and their effects on fauna of the west and south coasts of South Africa, 1959-1980. Fish. Bull. S. Africa 15, 71-88.
Hutton, M.L., Harvey, R.J., Barnard, E.A., Darlison, M.G., 1991, Cloning of a cDNA that encodes an invertebrate glutamate receptor subunit. Febs Letters 292, 111-114.
Jones, T.O., Whyte, J.N.C., Townsend, L.D., Ginter, N.G., Iwama, G.K., 1995a, Effects of domoic acid on haemolymph pH, pCO2, and pO2 in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas and the California mussel, Mytilus californianus. Aquat. Toxicol. 31, 43-55. CrossRef
Jones, T.O., Whyte, J.N.C.G.N.G., Townsend, L.D., Iwama, G.K., 1995b, Haemocyte changes in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, caused by exposure to domoic acid in the diatom Pseudonitzschia pungens f. multiseries. Toxicon 33, 347-353. CrossRef
Landsberg, J.H., 2002, The effects of harmful algal blooms on aquatic organisms. Rev. Fish. Sci. 10, 113-390. CrossRef
Lassus, P., Bardouil, M., Ledoux, M., Murail, I., Bohec, M., Truquet, P., Fremy, J.M., Rohmer, V., 1992, Paralytic phycotoxin uptake by scallops (Pecten maximus). Aquat. Living Resour. 5, 319-324. CrossRef
Lesser, M.P., Shumway, S.E., 1993, Effects of toxic dinoflagellates on clearance rates and survival in juvenile bivalve molluscs. J. Shellfish Res. 12, 377-381.
Leverone, J.R., Blake, N.J., Pierce, R.H., Shumway, S.E., 2006, Effects of the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis on larval development in three species of bivalve mollusc from Florida. Toxicon 48, 75-84. CrossRef
Llewellyn, L.E., 2006, Saxitoxin, a toxic marine natural product that targets a multitude of receptors. Natural Product Reports 23, 200-222. CrossRef
Lodeiros, C.J., Rengel, J.J., Freites, L., Morales, F., Himmelman, J.H., 1998, Growth and survival of the tropical scallop Lyropecten (Nodipecten) nodosus maintained in suspended culture at three depths. Aquaculture 165, 41-50. CrossRef
Mamán L., Fernández R., Jaén D., Mata A.J., Morales J., Jiménez C., Márquez I., 2004, Estudio de las proliferaciones del dinoflagelado Gymnodinium catenatum (Graham) en la costa de Andalucía (Sur Península Ibérica). In: Norte M., Fernández J.J. (Eds.) VIII Reunión Ibérica sobre Fitoplacton Tóxico y Biotoxinas. Instituto de Bio-orgánica. Universidad de La Laguna, pp. 91-97.
Matsuyama Y., Usuki H., Uchida T., Kotani Y., 2001, Effects of harmful algae on the early planktonic larvae of the oyster, Grassstera gigas. In: Hallegraeff G.M., Blackburn S.I., Bolch C.J., Lewis R.J. (Eds.) Harmful Algal Blooms 2000. IOC- UNESCO, Paris, pp. 411-414.
Ordás, M.C., Fraga, S., Franco, J.M., Ordás, A., Figueras, A., 2004, Toxin and molecular analysis of Gymnodinium catenatum (Dinophyceae) strains from Galicia (NW Spain) and Andalucía (S Spain). J. Plankton Res. 26, 341-349. CrossRef
Pazos, A.J., Román, G., Acosta, C.P., Abad, M., Sánchez, J.L., 1996, Stereological studies on the gametogenic cycle of the scallop, Pecten maximus, in suspended culture in Ría de Arousa (Galicia, NW Spain). Aquaculture 142, 119-135. CrossRef
Pazos, A.J., Román, G., Acosta, C.P., Abad, M., Sánchez, J.L., 1997, Seasonal changes in condition and biochemical composition of the scallop Pecten maximus L. from suspended culture in the Ría de Arousa (Galicia, NW Spain) in relation to environmental conditions. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 211, 169-193. CrossRef
Pazos, A.J., Silva, A., Vázquez, V., Perez-Parallé, M.L., Román, G., Sánchez, J.L., Abad, M., 2003, Sterol composition of gonad, muscle and digestive gland of Pecten maximus from Málaga (South Spain). Comp. Biochem. Physiol.B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. 134, 435-446. CrossRef
Pocklington, R., Bates, S.S., Milley, J.E., Bird, C.J., De Freitas, A.S.W., Quilliam, M.A., 1990, Trace determination of domoic acid in seawater and phytoplankton by high-performance liquid chromatography of the fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (FMOC) derivative. Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 38, 351-368. CrossRef
Shumway, S.E., 1990, A review of the effects of algal blooms on shellfish and aquaculture. J. World Aquac. Soc. 21, 65-104. CrossRef
Shumway, S.E., Cucci, T.L., 1987, The effects of the toxic dinoflagellate Protogonyaulax tamarensis on the feeding and behaviour of bivalve molluscs. Aquat. Toxicol. 10, 9-27. CrossRef
Suzuki, T., Igarashi, T., Ichimi, K., Watai, M., Suzuki, M., Ogiso, E., Yasumoto, T., 2005, Kinetics of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins, okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin-1, pectenotoxin-6 and yessotoxin in scallops Patinopecten yessoensis. Fish. Sci. 71, 948-955. CrossRef
Trainer, V.L., Bill, B.D., 2004, Characterization of a domoic acid binding site from Pacific razor clam. Aquat. Toxicol. 69, 125-132. CrossRef
Twarog B.M., Yamaguchi H., 1975, Resistance to paralytic shellfish toxins in bivalve molluscs . In: Lo Cicero V.R. (Ed.) Proc.1st International Conference on Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms, Nov. 1974. Mass. Science and Technology Foundation, Wakefield, MA, pp. 381-393.
Wang, L.P., Yan, T., Zhou, M.J., 2006, Impacts of HAB species Heterosigma akashiwo on early development of the scallop Argopecten irradians Lamarck. Aquaculture 255, 374-383. CrossRef
Wikfors, G.H., 2005, A review and new analysis of trophic interactions between Prorocentrum minimum and clams, scallops, and oysters. Harmful Algae 4, 585-592. CrossRef
Wright J.L.C., Quilliam M.A., 1995, Methods for domoic acid, the amnesic shellfish poisons. Hallegraeff, G.M., Anderson, D.M., Cembella, A.D. IOC manual on harmful marine microalgae. IOC manuals and guides 33. UNESCO. Paris, pp 97-113.