Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T09:57:46.109Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Yolk utilization, metabolism and growth in reared Loligo vulgaris reynaudii paralarvae

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2005

Erica A.G. Vidal ,
Mike J. Roberts  and
Rodrigo S. Martins
Erica A.G. Vidal
Affiliation:
Depto. de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Cx. P. 474, Rio Grande, RS. 96201-900, Brazil
Mike J. Roberts
Affiliation:
Marine and Coastal Management, Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay, Cape Town 8012, South Africa
Rodrigo S. Martins
Affiliation:
Marine and Coastal Management, Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay, Cape Town 8012, South Africa
Get access

Abstract

To understand the mechanisms that influence recruitment of the commercially important chokka squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii, knowledge of its early life history is required. This paper evaluates the influence of food supply on yolk utilization, metabolism and growth of paralarvae. Eggs collected on the spawning grounds were incubated and the paralarvae reared in the laboratory under “fed” and “starved” conditions for 22 d at 16 ± 1 °C. Some paralarvae lasted 42 d in the laboratory. Mantle length (ML), wet and dry weights (WW and DW) and yolk weight (YW) were measured daily from samples of ~30 (10−51) paralarvae from each group. Yolk weight was estimated using image analysis to determined yolk volume. Three methods (growth model, O2 consumption rates and yolk utilization rates) were used to estimate metabolic rates. Input parameters included daily mean wet weight of paralarvae and temperature. Mean ML, WW, DW and YW at hatching were found to be 2.3 mm, 1.86 mg, 0.45 mg and 0.21 mg, respectively. The experiment revealed that daily yolk utilization rates were 86 and 95% d−1 for fed and starved paralarvae respectively, and that the yolk reserve was almost exhausted 3−4 d after hatching. Starved paralarvae survived for 6 days (with 80% mortality), while fed paralarvae attained a growth rate of 7.8% body WW d−1 over the first 22 days after hatching. Results illustrate that temperatures on the chokka squid spawning grounds allow paralarvae to grow at the fastest rates possible without being subjected to a growth “slow down” caused by a high temperature dependent imbalance between sustaining high metabolic and commitment high feeding rates.

Keywords

SquidParalarvaeTemperatureGrowthMetabolic rateFeeding rate
Type
Research Article
Information
Aquatic Living Resources , Volume 18 , Issue 4: Environmental Effects on Cephalopod Life History and Fisheries , October 2005 , pp. 385 - 393
Copyright
© EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD, 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Augustyn, C.J., 1990, Biological studies on the chokker squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii (Cephalopoda: Myopsida) on spawning grounds off south-east coast of South Africa. S. Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 9, 11-26. CrossRef
Blaxter, J.H.S., Hempel, G., 1963, The influence of egg size on herring larvae (Clupea harengus L.). J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 28, 211-240. CrossRef
Coelho, M.L., 1985, Review of the influence of oceanographic factors on cephalopod distribution and life cycles. NAFO Sci. Counc. Stud. 9, 4757.
Forsythe J.W., van Heukelem W.F., 1987, Growth. In: Boyle P.R. (Ed.) Cephalopod life cycles, Vol. II, London, Academic Press, pp. 135-156.
Forsythe, J.W., Hanlon, R.T., 1989, Growth of the eastern Atlantic squid, Loligo forbesi Steenstrup (Mollusca: Cephalopoda). Aquat. Fish. Manage. 20, 1-14.
Giese, A.C., 1969, A new approach to the biochemical composition of the mollusk body. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev. 7, 175-229.
Hatanaka, H., Kawahara, S., Uozumi, Y., Kasahara, S., 1985, Comparison of life cycles of five ornmastrephid squids fished by Japan. Todarodes pacificus, Illex illecebrosus, Illex argentinus, Notodarus sloani sloani, Notodarus sloani gouldi. NAFO Sci. Counc. Stud. 9, 59-68.
Hurley, A.C., 1976, Feeding behavior, food consumption, growth, and respiration rate of the squid Loligo opalescens raised in the laboratory. US Fish. Bull. 74, 176-182.
Lutjerharms, J.R.E., Catzel, R., Valentine, H.R., 1989, Eddies and other boundary phenomena of the Agulhas Current. Cont. Shelf Res. 9, 597-616. CrossRef
O'Dor, R.K., Foy, E.A., Helm, P.L., Balch, N., 1986, The locomotion and energetics of hatchling squid, Illex illecebrosus. Am. Malacol. Bull. 4, 55-60.
O'Dor R.K., Wells M.J., 1987, Energy and nutrient flow. In: Boyle P.R. (Ed.) Cephalopod life cycles, Vol. II, London, Academic Press, pp. 109-134.
Oothuizen, A., Roberts, M.J., Sauer, W.H.H., 2002, Temperature effects on the embryonic development and hatching success of the squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii. In: Boyle P.R., Collins M.A., Pierce G.J., (Eds.). Cephalopod Biomass and Production – Part II. Bull. Mar. Sci. 71, 619-632.
Roberts, M.J., 1998, The influence of the environment on chokka squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii spawning aggregations: steps toward a quantified model. In: Payne A.I.L., Lipińsky M.R., Clarke M.R., Roeleveld M.A.C. (Eds.). Cephalopod biodiversity, ecology and evolution. S. Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 20, 267-284. CrossRef
Roberts, M.J., 2005, Chokka squid (Loligo vulgaris reynaudii) abundance linked to changes in the Agulhas Bank (South Africa) ecosystem during spawning and the early life cycle. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 62, 33-55. CrossRef
Roberts, M.J., Sauer, W.H.H., 1994, Environment: the key to understanding the South African chokka squid (Loligo vulgaris reynaudii) life cycle and fishery? In: Rodhouse P.G., Piatkowski U., Lu C.C. (Eds.). Southern Oceans Cephalopods: Life Cycles and Populations. Antarct. Sci. 6, 249-258.
Roberts, M.J., van den Berg, M., 2002, Recruitment variability of chokka squid (Loligo vulgaris reynaudii) – role of currents on the Agulhas Bank (South Africa) in paralarvae distribution and food abundance. In: Boyle P.R., Collins M.A., Pierce G.J. (Eds.). Cephalopod Biomass and Production – Part II. Bull. Mar. Sci. 71, 691-710.
Roberts M.J., van den Berg M., 2005, Currents along the Tsitsikamma coast, South Africa, and potential transport of squid paralarvae and ichthyoplankton. S. Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 27(2), 375-388.
Roper C.F.E., Lu C.C., 1979, Rhynchoteuthion larvae of Ommastrephidae squid of the Western North Atlantic, with the first description of larvae and juveniles of Illex illecebrosus. Proc. Biological Society of Washington, 91, 1039-1059.
Vidal E.A.G., 2000, Optimizing survival, growth and feeding in hatchling squid (Loligo opalescens). Ph.D. Thesis. Texas A&M University.
Vidal, E.A.G., DiMarco, F.P., Wormuth, J.H., Lee, P.G., 2002a, Optimizing rearing conditions of hatchling loliginid squid. Mar. Biol. 140, 117-127.
Vidal, E.A.G., DiMarco, F.P., Wormuth, J.H., Lee, P.G., 2002b, Influence of temperature and food availability on survival, growth and yolk utilization in hatchling squid. In: Boyle P.R., Collins M.A., Pierce G.J. (Eds.). Cephalopod Biomass and Production - Part II. Bull. Mar. Sci. 71, 915-931.
Villanueva, R., 2000, Effect of temperature on statolith growth of European squid Loligo vulgaris during the early life. Mar. Biol. 136, 449-460. CrossRef
Yang, W.T., Hixon, R.F., Turk, P.E., Krejci, M.E., Hulet, W.H., Hanlon, R.T., 1986, Growth, behavior and sexual maturation of the market squid, Loligo opalescens, cultured through the life cycle. US Fish. Bull. 84, 771-798.
Zar J.H., 1996, Biostatistical analysis. 3rd edition. Prentice- Hall, New Jersey.