Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T12:45:43.421Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Dissection of Paraprofessional Support in Inclusive Education: ‘You're in Mainstream With a Chaperone’

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 August 2013

Ben Whitburn*
Affiliation:
Deakin University, Australia
*
Correspondence: Ben Whitburn, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Vic. 3125, Australia. E-mail: b.whitburn@deakin.edu.au

Abstract

The experiences of young people with disabilities of inclusive schooling are largely underresearched. This paper reports recent findings of a small-scale Australian qualitative study, in which secondary students with vision impairment spoke about their experiences of receiving paraprofessional support. Two overarching themes emerged from this study: ‘light’ and ‘heavy’ paraprofessional support. The results presented here demonstrate that participants described that support personnel upheld the strong arm of the special education tradition, which was manifestly detrimental to their inclusion. Raw data is presented to elucidate the emergent themes, and to explain the various pedagogical and general support roles of class and special educators in eliminating the need for direct paraprofessional presence in lessons. The light and heavy model of support is also examined in terms of how it fits into the complexity of the education discourse and the young people's own aspirations for full inclusion.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allan, J. (2008). Rethinking inclusive education: The philosophers of difference in practice. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer.Google Scholar
Australian Blindness Forum. (2008). Improving life for people who are blind or vision impaired: Education and children's service. Retrieved February 22, 2013, from http://www.australianblindnessforum.org.au/Policy/ABF%20Education%20Childrens%20Service%20policy%20final%20230408.docGoogle Scholar
Boyles, D., Carusi, T., & Attick, D. (2009). Historical and critical interpretations of social justice. In Ayers, W., Quinn, T., & Stovall, D. (Eds.), Handbook of social justice in education (pp. 3042). New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Broer, S.M., Doyle, M.B., & Giangreco, M.F. (2005). Perspectives of students with intellectual disabilities about their experiences with paraprofessional support. Exceptional Children, 71, 415430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. London, UK: Sage.Google Scholar
Cook-Sather, A. (2006). Sound, presence, and power: “Student voice” in educational research and reform. Curriculum Inquiry, 36, 359390. doi:10.1111/j.1467-873X.2006.00363.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Creswell, J.W. (2008). Educational research: Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Curtin, M., & Clarke, G. (2005). Listening to young people with physical disabilities’ experiences of education. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 52, 195214. doi:10.1080/10349120500252817CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Schauwer, E., Van Hove, G., Mortier, K., & Loots, G. (2009). ‘I need help on Mondays, it's not my day. The other days, I'm OK’.—Perspectives of disabled children on inclusive education. Children & Society, 23, 99111. doi:10.1111/j.1099-0860.2008.00159.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dewey, J. (1944). Democracy and education. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
Education Queensland. (2012). Inclusive education. Retrieved July 24, 2013, from http://education.qld.gov.au/studentservices/inclusive/Google Scholar
Florian, L. (2010). Special education in an era of inclusion: The end of special education or a new beginning? Psychology of Education Review, 34 (2), 2229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foreman, P. (2011). Introducing inclusion in education. In Foreman, P. (Ed.), Inclusion in action (3rd ed., pp. 234). South Melbourne, Australia: Cengage.Google Scholar
Foreman, P., & Arthur-Kelly, M. (2008). Social justice principles, the law and research, as bases for inclusion. Australasian Journal of Special Education, 32, 109124. doi:10.1080/10300110701839964CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giangreco, M.F. (2009). Critical issues brief: Concerns about the proliferation of one-to-one paraprofessionals. Retrieved February 14, 2012, from http://www.daddcec.org/Portals/0/CEC/Autism_Disabilities/Research/Position_Papers/Critical_Issues_Brief_Concerns_About_Proliferation_One-to-One_Paraprofessionals.pdfGoogle Scholar
Giangreco, M.F., Edelman, S.W., Broer, S.M., & Doyle, M.B. (2001). Paraprofessional support of students with disabilities: Literature from the past decade. Exceptional Children, 68, 4563.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glaser, B.G., & Strauss, A.L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Chicago, IL: Aldine.Google Scholar
Hatlen, P. (1996). The core curriculum for blind and visually impaired students, including those with additional disabilities. RE:view, 28, 2532.Google Scholar
Hemmings, B., & Woodcock, S. (2011). Preservice teachers’ views of inclusive education: A content analysis. Australasian Journal of Special Education, 35, 103116. doi:10.1375/ajse.35.2.103CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kugelmass, J.W. (2001). Collaboration and compromise in creating and sustaining an inclusive school. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 5, 4765. doi:10.1080/13603110121498CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, S., & McKenzie, A.R. (2010). The competencies, roles, supervision, and training needs of paraeducators working with students with visual impairments in local and residential schools. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 104, 464477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Low, J. (1996). Negotiating identities, negotiating environments: An interpretation of the experiences of students with disabilities. Disability & Society, 11, 235248. doi:10.1080/09687599650023254CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacLure, M. (2003). Discourse in educational and social research. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.Google Scholar
Mertens, D.M., Sullivan, M., & Stace, H. (2011). Disability communities: Transformative research for social justice. In Denzin, N.K., & Lincoln, Y.S. (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (4th ed., pp. 227242). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Mortier, K., Desimpel, L., De Schauwer, E., & Van Hove, G. (2011). ‘I want support, not comments’: Children's perspectives on supports in their life. Disability & Society, 26, 207221. doi:10.1080/09687599.2011.544060CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, N. (2006). Promoting ‘epistemic fissures’: Disability studies in teacher education. Teaching Education, 17, 251264. doi:10.1080/10476210600849722CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryan, M., Carrington, S., Selva, G., & Healy, A. (2009). Taking a ‘reality’ check: Expanding pre-service teachers’ views on pedagogy and diversity. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 37, 155173. doi:10.1080/13598660902804303CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slee, R. (1996). Inclusive schooling in Australia? Not yet! Cambridge Journal of Education, 26, 1932. doi:10.1080/0305764960260102CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slee, R. (2011). The irregular school: Exclusion, schooling and inclusive education. London, UK: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strauss, A.L., & Corbin, J.M. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Tews, L., & Lupart, J. (2008). Students with disabilities’ perspectives of the role and impact of paraprofessionals in inclusive education settings. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 5, 3946. doi:10.1111/j.1741-1130.2007.00138.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webster, R., Blatchford, P., Bassett, P., Brown, P., Martin, C., & Russell, A. (2010). Double standards and first principles: Framing teaching assistant support for pupils with special educational needs. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 25, 319336. doi:10.1080/08856257.2010.513533CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitburn, B. (2013a). Accessibility and autonomy preconditions to “our” inclusion: A grounded theory study of the experiences of secondary students with vision impairment. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs. Advance online publication. doi:10.1111/1471-3802.12014Google Scholar
Whitburn, B. (2013b). “A really good teaching strategy”: Secondary students with vision impairment voice their experiences of inclusive teacher pedagogy. Manuscript submitted for publication.CrossRefGoogle Scholar