Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T22:24:28.365Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

‘Well, This is it. Just Get on With it’: Pain Willingness and Activity Engagement in People with Chronic Pain

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 June 2016

Cecelia A. Titus*
Affiliation:
Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety Queensland, CARRS-Q, School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
Herbert C. Biggs
Affiliation:
Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety Queensland, CARRS-Q, School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
*
Address for correspondence: Cecelia A. Titus, BSc (Hons), MSc. 32A Mahoe Street, Lower Hutt, 5010, New Zealand. E-mail: ceceliatitus@live.com.au
Get access

Abstract

Acceptance of chronic pain is associated with positive health outcomes. The study examined participants’ chronic pain experiences by exploring two acceptance factors: pain willingness and activity engagement. Eleven participants (seven women and four men) participated in semi-structured interviews. Interview transcripts were analysed to identify pain willingness and activity engagement in participants’ experiences. The study found that participants demonstrated some pain willingness and activity engagement, but that avoidance and control could result in unwanted activity restrictions. Three themes were identified in participants’ accounts of getting on with their lives: making necessary adjustments, taking control and finding purpose and meaning. To improve outcomes for people with chronic pain, counsellors and rehabilitation professionals should encourage pain acceptance, and educate their clients about the effects of social withdrawal, and avoidance and control of pain.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aldrich, S., & Eccleston, C. (2000). Making sense of everyday pain. Social Science & Medicine, 50 (11), 16311641.Google Scholar
Atlas.ti. [Data Analysis Software]. (2012) (Version 7.5.2). Berlin: Scientific Software Development.Google Scholar
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3 (2), 77101. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.Google Scholar
Breivik, H., Collett, B., Ventafridda, V., Cohen, R., & Gallacher, D. (2006). Survey of chronic pain in Europe: Prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment. European Journal of Pain, 10 (4), 287–287.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campbell, C., & Guy, A. (2007). Why can't they do anything for a simple back problem?: A qualitative examination of expectations for low back pain treatment and outcome. Journal of Health Psychology, 12 (4), 641652.Google Scholar
Corbett, M., Foster, N.E., & Ong, B.N. (2007). Living with low back pain-stories of hope and despair. Social Science & Medicine, 65 (8), 15841594. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.06.008.Google Scholar
Crowe, M., Whitehead, L., Gagan, M.J., Baxter, G.D., Pankhurst, A., & Valledor, V. (2010). Listening to the body and talking to myself–the impact of chronic lower back pain: A qualitative study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47 (5), 586592. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.09.012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahl, J., Luciano, C., & Wilson, K.G. (2005). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.Google Scholar
Dennis, N.L., Larkin, M., & Derbyshire, S.W. (2013). ‘A giant mess’–making sense of complexity in the accounts of people with fibromyalgia. British Journal of Health Psychology, 18 (4), 763781.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dickson, A., Knussen, C., & Flowers, P. (2008). ‘That was my old life; it's almost like a past-life now’: Identity crisis, loss and adjustment amongst people living with chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychology and Health, 23 (4), 459476. doi: 10.1080/08870440701757393.Google Scholar
Esteve, R., Ramírez-Maestre, C., & López-Martínez, A.E. (2007). Adjustment to chronic pain: The role of pain acceptance, coping strategies, and pain-related cognitions. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 33 (2), 179188. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02879899.Google Scholar
Froud, R., Patterson, S., Eldridge, S., Seale, C., Pincus, T., Rajendran, D., & Underwood, M. (2014). A systematic review and meta-synthesis of the impact of low back pain on people's lives. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 15 (1), 50.Google Scholar
Geiser, D.S. (1992). A comparison of acceptance-focused and control-focused psychological treatments in a chronic pain treatment center. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Nevada, Reno.Google Scholar
Gillanders, D.T., Ferreira, N.B., Bose, S., & Esrich, T. (2013). The relationship between acceptance, catastrophizing and illness representations in chronic pain. European Journal of Pain, 17 (6), 893902. doi: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00248.x.Google Scholar
Harper, D., & Thompson, A.R. (Eds.) (2011). Qualitative Research Methods in Mental Health and Psychotherapy: A Guide for Students and Practitioners. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Holloway, I., Sofaer-Bennett, B., & Walker, J. (2007). The stigmatisation of people with chronic back pain. Disability & Rehabilitation, 29 (18), 14561464. doi: 10.1080/09638280601107260.Google Scholar
InqScribe [Transcription Software]. (2013). (Version 2.2.2). Chicago, IL: Inquirium.Google Scholar
Institute of Medicine (US). (2011). Relieving Pain in America: A Blueprint for Transforming Prevention, Care, Education and Research. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92521/.Google Scholar
Kostova, Z., Caiata-Zufferey, M., & Schulz, P.J. (2014). The process of acceptance among rheumatoid arthritis patients in Switzerland: A qualitative study. Pain Research and Management: The Journal of the Canadian Pain Society, 19 (2), 61.Google Scholar
LaChapelle, D.L., Lavoie, S.B., & Boudreau, A.B. (2008). The meaning and process of pain acceptance. Perceptions of women living with arthritis and fibromyalgia. Pain Research and Management: The Journal of the Canadian Pain Society, 13 (3), 201210.Google Scholar
Luoma, J.B., Hayes, S.C., & Walser, R.D. (2007). Learning ACT: An Acceptance & Commitment Therapy Skills-Training Manual for Therapists. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.Google Scholar
MacNeela, P., Doyle, C., O'Gorman, D., Ruane, N., & McGuire, B.E. (2013). Experiences of chronic low back pain: A meta-ethnography of qualitative research. Health Psychology Review, 120. doi: 10.1080/17437199.2013.840951.Google Scholar
McCracken, L., & Vowles, K. (2014). Acceptance and commitment therapy and mindfulness for chronic pain: Model, process, and progress. American Psychologist, 69 (2), 178187. doi: 10.1037/a0035623.Google Scholar
McCracken, L.M., Vowles, K., & Eccleston, C. (2004). Acceptance of chronic pain: Component analysis and a revised assessment method. Pain, 107 (1–2), 159166. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2003.10.012.Google Scholar
McCracken, L.M., & Eccleston, C. (2005). A prospective study of acceptance of pain and patient functioning with chronic pain. Pain, 118 (1–2), 164169. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2005.08.015.Google Scholar
Meeus, M., Nijs, J., Van Oosterwijck, J., Van Alsenoy, V., & Truijen, S. (2010). Pain physiology education improves pain beliefs in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome compared with pacing and self-management education: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 91 (8), 11531159.Google Scholar
Morley, S., Davies, C., & Barton, S. (2005). Possible selves in chronic pain: Self-pain enmeshment, adjustment and acceptance. Pain, 115 (1–2), 8494. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2005.02.021.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moseley, G.L. (2004). Evidence for a direct relationship between cognitive and physical change during an education intervention in people with chronic low back pain. European Journal of Pain, 8 (1), 3945. doi: 10.1016/S1090-3801(03)00063-6.Google Scholar
Newton, B.J., Southall, J.L., Raphael, J.H., Ashford, R.L., & LeMarchand, K. (2013). A narrative review of the impact of disbelief in chronic pain. Pain Management Nursing, 14 (3), 161171.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ojala, T., Häkkinen, A., Karppinen, J., Sipilä, K., Suutama, T., & Piirainen, A. (2014). Revising the negative meaning of chronic pain-A phenomenological study. Chronic Illness, 112. http://chi.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/10/20/1742395314555236.abstract doi:10.1177/1742395314555236.Google Scholar
Osborn, M., & Rodham, K. (2010). Insights into pain: A review of qualitative research. Reviews in Pain, 4 (1), 27. doi: 10.1177/204946371000400102.Google Scholar
Pincus, T., & Morley, S. (2001). Cognitive-processing bias in chronic pain: A review and integration. Psychological Bulletin, 127 (5), 599617. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.127.5.599.Google Scholar
Risdon, A., Eccleston, C., Crombez, G., & McCracken, L. (2003). How can we learn to live with pain? A Q-methodological analysis of the diverse understandings of acceptance of chronic pain. Social Science and Medicine, 56 (2), 375386. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00043-6.Google Scholar
Rodham, K., McCabe, C., Pilkington, M., & Regan, L. (2013). Coping with chronic complex regional pain syndrome: Advice from patients for patients. Chronic Illness, 9 (1), 2942. doi: 10.1177/1742395312450178.Google Scholar
Smith, J.A. (Ed.) (2008). Qualitative Psychology: A Practical Guide to Research Methods. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Smith, J.A., & Osborn, M. (2007). Pain as an assault on the self: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the psychological impact of chronic benign low back pain. Psychology and Health, 22 (5), 517534.Google Scholar
Stewart, S., Woodward, R., Rosen, A., & Cutler, D. (2008). The impact of symptoms and impairments on overall health in US national health data. Medical Care, 46 (9), 954962.Google Scholar
Viane, I., Crombez, G., Eccleston, C., Devulder, J., & De Corte, W. (2004). Acceptance of the unpleasant reality of chronic pain: Effects upon attention to pain and engagement with daily activities. Pain, 112 (3), 282288. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2004.09.008.Google Scholar
Vowles, K.E., McCracken, L.M., & Eccleston, C. (2008). Patient functioning and catastrophizing in chronic pain: The mediating effects of acceptance. Health and Psychology, 27(2, Suppl), S136–S143. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.27.2(Suppl.).S136.Google Scholar