Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T02:32:06.916Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Preferences and motivations with and without inferences

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 June 2015

Piotr Winkielman ,
Michael Inzlicht  and
Eddie Harmon-Jones
Piotr Winkielman
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0109. pwinkiel@ucsd.eduhttp://psy2.ucsd.edu/~pwinkiel/ Department of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 03-815, Warsaw, Poland.
Michael Inzlicht
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada. michael.inzlicht@utoronto.cahttp://www.michaelinzlicht.com/
Eddie Harmon-Jones
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. eddiehj@gmail.comhttp://socialemotiveneuroscience.org/
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Pessoa (2013) makes an impressive case that emotion, motivation, and cognition are neurally intertwined. Our commentary broadens the discussion to the functional, “mind” level. We argue that philosophical and computational considerations justify some modern “separatist” views. We highlight several psychological phenomena that illustrate independence, including affective and motivational reactions to rudimentary inputs, and the guiding role of such reactions in cognition.

Type
Open Peer Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 38 , 2015 , e90
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bartholow, B. D., Henry, E. A., Lust, S. A., Saults, J. S. & Wood, P. K. (2012) Alcohol effects on performance monitoring and adjustment: Affect modulation and impairment of evaluative cognitive control. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 121:173–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berridge, K. C. (2003) Irrational pursuits: Hyper-incentives from a visceral brain. In: The psychology of economic decisions, vol. 1, ed. Brocas, I. & Carrillo, J., pp. 17–40. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Charland, L. (1995) Feeling and representing: Computational theory and the modularity of affect. Synthese 105:273–301.Google Scholar
Duncan, S. & Barrett, L. F. (2007) Affect is a form of cognition: A neurobiological analysis. Cognition & Emotion 21:1184–211.Google Scholar
Fossat, P., Bacque-Cazenave, J., De Deurwaerdere, P., Delbecque, J.-P. & Cattaert, D. (2014) Anxiety-like behavior in crayfish is controlled by serotonin. Science 344:1293.Google Scholar
Frijda, N. H. (1988) The laws of emotion. American Psychologist 43:349–58.Google Scholar
Goldie, P. (2000) The emotions: A philosophical exploration. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Greenwald, A. G. & Banaji, M. R. (1995) Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological Review 102(1):4–27.Google Scholar
Haidt, J. (2001) The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment. Psychological Review 108:814–34.Google Scholar
Harmon-Jones, E., Harmon-Jones, C. & Price, T. F. (2013) What is approach motivation? Emotion Review 5:291–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hobson, N. M., Saunders, B., Al-Khindi, T. & Inzlicht, M. (2014) Emotion down-regulation diminished cognitive control: A neurophysiological investigation. Emotion 14:1014–26.Google Scholar
Inzlicht, M. & Al-Khindi, T. (2012) ERN and the placebo: A misattribution approach to studying the arousal properties of the error-related negativity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 141:799–807.Google Scholar
Inzlicht, M. & Legault, L. (2014) No pain, no gain: How distress underlies effective self-control (and unites diverse social psychological phenomena). In: The control within: Motivation and its regulation, ed. Forgas, J. & Harmon-Jones, E., pp. 115–32. Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Inzlicht, M., Tritt, S. & Harmon-Jones, E. (2013) Where's the passion? The relative neglect of emotion-process variables in mainstream social psychology. Unpublished Manuscript: University of Toronto.Google Scholar
Knutson, B., Wimmer, G. E., Kuhnen, C. M. & Winkielman, P. (2008) Nucleus accumbens activation mediates the influence of reward cues on financial risk taking. NeuroReport 19:509–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koban, L. & Pourtois, G. (2014) Brain systems underlying the affective and social monitoring of actions: An integrative review. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 46:71–84. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.02.014.Google Scholar
Lazarus, R. S. (1984) On the primacy of cognition. American Psychologist 39(2):124–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loewenstein, G. (2007) Exotic preferences: Behavioural economics and human motivation. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Loewenstein, G. F., Weber, E. U., Hsee, C. K. & Welch, E. S. (2001) Risk as feelings. Psychological Bulletin 127, 267–86.Google Scholar
Niedenthal, P. M., Augustinova, M. & Rychowska, M. (2010) Body and mind: Zajonc' (re)introduction of the motor system to emotion and cognition. Special issue on the contributions of Robert B. Zajoncs to modern emotion research. Emotion Review 2:315–19.Google Scholar
Panksepp, J. (2011) The basic emotional circuits of mammalian brains: Do animals have affective lives? Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 35(9):1791–804.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Panksepp, J. & Biven, L. (2012) The archaeology of mind: Neuroevolutionary origins of human emotions. Norton.Google Scholar
Pessoa, L. (2013) The cognitive-emotional brain. From interactions to integration. MIT Press.Google Scholar
Price, T. F., Peterson, C. K. & Harmon-Jones, E. (2012) The emotive neuroscience of embodiment. Motivation and Emotion 36:27–37.Google Scholar
Prinz, J. J. (2006a) Gut reactions: A perceptual theory of emotion. OUP USA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Proulx, T., Inzlicht, M. & Harmon-Jones, E. (2012) Understanding all inconsistency compensation as a palliative response to violated expectations. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 16:285–91.Google Scholar
Schwarz, N. (1990) Feelings as information: Informational and motivational functions of affective states. In: Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior, vol. 2, ed. Higgins, E. T. & Sorrentino, R. M., pp. 527–61. Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Shackman, A. J., Salomons, T. V., Slagter, H. A., Fox, A. S., Winter, J. J. & Davidson, R. J. (2011) The integration of negative affect, pain and cognitive control in the cingulate cortex. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 12(3):154–67. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21331082.Google Scholar
Winkielman, P. (2010) Bob Zajonc and the unconscious emotion. Emotion Review 2:353–62.Google Scholar
Winkielman, P., Berridge, K. & Sher, S. (2011) Emotion, consciousness, and social behavior. In: Handbook of social neuroscience, ed. Decety, J. & Cacioppo, J. T., pp. 195–211. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Winkielman, P., Berridge, K. C. & Wilbarger, J. L. (2005) Unconscious affective reactions to masked happy versus angry faces influence consumption behavior and judgments of value. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1:121–35.Google Scholar
Winkielman, P., Huber, D. E., Kavanagh, L. & Schwarz, N. (2012) Fluency of consistency: When thoughts fit nicely and flow smoothly. In: Cognitive consistency: A fundamental principle in social cognition, ed. Gawronski, B. & Strack, F., pp. 89–111. Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Winkielman, P., Niedenthal, P., Wielgosz, J., Eelen, J. & Kavanagh, L. C. (2015) Embodiment of cognition and emotion. In: APA handbook of personality and social psychology, vol. 1, Attitudes and social cognition, ed. Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., Borgida, E. & Bargh, J. A., pp. 151–75. American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Zajonc, R. B. (1980) Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences. American Psychologist 35:151–75.Google Scholar
Zajonc, R. B. (2000) Feeling and thinking: Closing the debate over the independence of affect. In: Feeling and thinking: The role of affect in social cognition, ed. Forgas, J. P., pp. 31–58. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar